Validation & Verification

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Validation & Verification Overview

Validation is an automated process checking if input is sensible and meets program requirements.
Verification checks that data entered matches the original intended data (accuracy).
Validation ensures data is possible/reasonable; verification ensures it is correct.

Types of Validation Checks

Range check: ensures a number falls within a specified range (e.g., 0–100).
Length check: ensures a string has a required number of characters (e.g., PIN = 4 digits).
Type check: ensures data is of the correct data type (e.g., integer, string).
Presence check: ensures a field is not left blank.
Format check: ensures data matches a pattern (e.g., XX9999, email with @ and .).
Check digit: a final digit calculated by algorithm to detect errors in codes (e.g., ISBN).

Verification Methods

Double entry: data entered twice; system compares both entries; mismatch triggers error.
Visual check: user reviews data on screen and confirms correctness (e.g., popup).
Example: password confirmation uses double entry; name entry uses visual check.

Suitable Test Data Categories

Normal data: valid input that should be accepted (e.g., age 16 for range 12–18).
Abnormal data: invalid data type or value that should be rejected (e.g., 'H' for age).
Extreme data: boundary values that are still acceptable (e.g., 12 and 18).
Boundary data: values just inside and just outside the acceptable range (e.g., 11, 19).

Trace Tables

A trace table records the state of variables and outputs at each step of an algorithm.
Used to detect logic errors in flowcharts, pseudocode, or program code.
Each row corresponds to one step/iteration; columns for inputs, outputs, and variables.
Helps discover the purpose of an algorithm by showing intermediate results.

Flowchart showing how data passes through validation and verification before acceptance.

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1.What is the purpose of validation?
Easy
- ATo check that data entered is sensible and meets program requirements
- BTo check that data entered is exactly what was intended
- CTo check that data is stored correctly in the database
- DTo check that data is transmitted without errors
2.A program asks the user to enter a password. Which two validation checks would be most appropriate for a password field?
Medium
- ALength check and presence check
- BRange check and type check
- CFormat check and check digit
- DPresence check and range check
3.A program uses the following pseudocode to validate input: REPEAT INPUT Number IF Number < 0 OR Number > 100 THEN OUTPUT "Invalid" ENDIF UNTIL Number ≥ 0 AND Number ≤ 100 Which type of validation is being performed?
Easy
- ARange check
- BLength check
- CType check
- DPresence check
4.Which of the following is an example of verification?
Easy
- ADouble entry checking
- BRange check
- CFormat check
- DCheck digit
5.A website registration form asks users to enter their email address twice. This is an example of:
Easy
- AVerification using double entry
- BValidation using format check
- CValidation using presence check
- DVerification using visual check
6.An ISBN number ends with a check digit. What is the purpose of the check digit?
Easy
- ATo help detect errors when the number is entered or transmitted
- BTo ensure the number is in the correct format
- CTo verify that the number belongs to a valid book
- DTo encrypt the number for security
7.Which validation check would reject the input "ABC" for an age field?
Easy
- AType check
- BRange check
- CLength check
- DPresence check
8.A program checks that a username is not left blank. Which validation check is this?
Easy
- APresence check
- BLength check
- CType check
- DFormat check

Mehr Fragen

9.A programmer uses the following test data for a program that accepts ages between 12 and 18 inclusive: 11, 12, 15, 18, 19. Which test data values are boundary data?
Medium
- A11, 12, 18, 19
- B12, 18
- C11, 19
- D15
10.In a trace table, what is being recorded as the algorithm executes?
Easy
- AThe values of variables and outputs at each step
- BOnly the final output of the algorithm
- CThe number of lines of code executed
- DThe time taken for each instruction
11.The following pseudocode is used to input a number and check if it is between 5 and 10: INPUT Number IF Number ≥ 5 AND Number ≤ 10 THEN OUTPUT "Valid" ELSE OUTPUT "Invalid" ENDIF Which test data set would provide the best coverage of normal, extreme, and boundary values?
Medium
- A5, 7, 10, 4, 11
- B5, 6, 9, 10
- C4, 5, 10, 11
- D6, 7, 8, 9
12.Which of the following is NOT a type of validation check?
Easy
- ADouble entry check
- BRange check
- CFormat check
- DCheck digit
13.A program asks the user to enter a date of birth in the format DD/MM/YYYY. Which validation check would be most appropriate to ensure the day is between 1 and 31?
Easy
- ARange check
- BLength check
- CFormat check
- DPresence check
14.A programmer uses the following pseudocode to validate an input: INPUT X IF X < 1 OR X > 100 THEN OUTPUT "Invalid" ENDIF Which test data would be classified as boundary data?
Medium
- A0, 100
- B1, 100
- C0, 101
- D1, 101
15.Which of the following is an example of a verification check?
Easy
- AChecking that a password contains at least 8 characters
- BAsking a user to re-enter their email address
- CChecking that an age is between 0 and 120
- DChecking that a field is not left blank
16.A program uses the following pseudocode to validate a password: INPUT Password IF LENGTH(Password) < 8 THEN OUTPUT "Too short" ENDIF Which validation check is being performed?
Easy
- ARange check
- BType check
- CLength check
- DPresence check
17.A check digit is calculated for a 12-digit barcode using a specific algorithm. The 13th digit is the check digit. What is the purpose of the check digit?
Easy
- ATo ensure the barcode is unique
- BTo detect if the barcode has been entered incorrectly
- CTo encrypt the barcode data
- DTo identify the country of origin
18.A program asks the user to enter their age. The program should accept ages between 13 and 19 inclusive. Which set of test data includes normal, boundary, and abnormal data?
Medium
- A13, 19, 20
- B15, 12, 20
- C14, 13, "teen"
- D16, 13, 19
19.Which validation check would reject an input of "ABC" for a field that expects a numeric value?
Easy
- ARange check
- BLength check
- CType check
- DFormat check
20.A program uses the following pseudocode to validate an input: INPUT Code IF LENGTH(Code) <> 6 THEN OUTPUT "Invalid length" ENDIF IF SUBSTRING(Code, 1, 1) NOT IN "ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ" THEN OUTPUT "Invalid first character" ENDIF Which validation check(s) are being performed?
Medium
- ALength check only
- BFormat check only
- CLength check and format check
- DPresence check and format check
21.A programmer is testing a program that accepts a score between 0 and 100. Which of the following is a valid set of test data that includes normal, extreme, and boundary values?
Medium
- A50, 0, 100
- B50, 0, 101
- C50, 1, 100
- D50, -1, 101
22.Which of the following is a method of verification?
Easy
- ARange check
- BDouble entry
- CFormat check
- DPresence check
23.A program uses the following trace table for input values: 5, 3, 8, 2. The algorithm finds the largest number. What is the value of 'Largest' after the third input (8)?
Medium
- A5
- B8
- C3
- D2
24.A program asks the user to enter a postcode. Which validation check would ensure that the postcode is entered in the correct format (e.g., two letters, one number, a space, one number, two letters)?
Easy
- ALength check
- BRange check
- CFormat check
- DPresence check
25.A programmer is testing a program that accepts a score between 0 and 100 inclusive. Which of the following sets of test data includes normal, extreme, and boundary values?
Hard
- A50, 0, 100, -1, 101
- B50, 0, 100, 1, 99
- C50, 0, 100, 101, -1
- D50, 0, 100, 1, 101
26.Which validation check would be used to ensure that a user has not left a field blank?
Easy
- ARange check
- BPresence check
- CLength check
- DFormat check
27.A program asks the user to enter a password. The password must be at least 8 characters long. Which validation check is being used?
Easy
- ARange check
- BType check
- CLength check
- DPresence check
28.A program uses the following pseudocode to validate an ID number in the format XX9999 (two uppercase letters followed by four digits). Which validation checks are being applied?
Medium
- ALength check and format check
- BLength check and range check
- CFormat check and presence check
- DType check and length check
29.A programmer writes a program that accepts a temperature in degrees Celsius. The valid range is -10 to 40 inclusive. Which of the following test values is an example of boundary data?
Medium
- A-10
- B0
- C41
- D20
30.A program uses the following pseudocode to validate an input: INPUT Age IF Age < 0 OR Age > 120 THEN OUTPUT "Invalid age" ENDIF Which validation check is being performed?
Easy
- ARange check
- BType check
- CLength check
- DPresence check
31.What is the purpose of a check digit?
Easy
- ATo ensure the data is the correct length
- BTo detect errors when the code is entered or transmitted
- CTo verify that the data has been entered twice correctly
- DTo check that the data is of the correct data type
32.A program asks the user to enter a date in the format DD/MM/YYYY. Which validation check would be most appropriate to ensure that the day is between 1 and 31?
Easy
- AFormat check
- BRange check
- CLength check
- DType check
33.A program uses the following pseudocode to validate an input: INPUT Code IF LENGTH(Code) <> 6 THEN OUTPUT "Invalid length" ENDIF Which validation check is being performed?
Easy
- AFormat check
- BLength check
- CRange check
- DPresence check
34.What is the difference between validation and verification?
Medium
- AValidation checks data is accurate; verification checks data is sensible
- BValidation checks data is sensible; verification checks data is accurate
- CBoth check data is accurate
- DBoth check data is sensible
35.Which of the following is a validation check that ensures a user has entered data into a field?
Easy
- APresence check
- BRange check
- CLength check
- DFormat check
36.A program asks the user to enter a password. The program checks that the password is at least 8 characters long. Which validation check is being used?
Easy
- APresence check
- BLength check
- CType check
- DRange check
37.A programmer is testing a program that accepts a score between 0 and 100 inclusive. Which of the following sets of test data includes normal, extreme, and boundary data?
Medium
- A50, 0, 100, -1, 101
- B50, 0, 100, 1, 99
- C25, 75, 0, 100, 50
- D0, 100, -1, 101, 50
38.A program uses the following pseudocode to validate an input: INPUT Number IF Number < 0 OR Number > 100 THEN OUTPUT "Invalid" ENDIF Which validation check is being performed?
Easy
- ALength check
- BRange check
- CType check
- DPresence check
39.Which validation check would reject the input 'ABC' for a field that expects a numeric value?
Easy
- ARange check
- BLength check
- CType check
- DFormat check
40.A program asks the user to enter a date in the format DD/MM/YYYY. Which validation check would be most appropriate to ensure the day is between 1 and 31?
Easy
- AFormat check
- BRange check
- CPresence check
- DLength check
41.Which of the following best describes validation?
Medium
- AAn automated process that checks if data is sensible and meets program requirements
- BA manual process that checks data accuracy by comparing two entries
- CA process that ensures data is entered correctly by the user
- DA process that checks data is stored securely
42.Which validation check ensures that a field has not been left blank?
Easy
- ALength check
- BPresence check
- CRange check
- DType check
43.Verification checks that data is sensible and reasonable.
Easy
True or false?
44.Which of the following are methods of verification? (Select all that apply)
Medium
- ADouble entry checking
- BVisual checks
- CRange check
- DCheck digit
45.Match each validation check to its description.
Medium
- Range check
- Length check
- Presence check
- Checks if data falls within a specified interval
- Checks the number of characters in a string
- Checks that a field is not empty
46.Arrange the following steps in the correct order for a trace table walkthrough of an algorithm that finds the highest number from a list.
Medium
- Record the initial state of variables
- Input the first number and set it as highest
- For each subsequent number, compare and update highest if larger
- Output the highest number
47.Which of the following is a validation check that uses pattern matching to ensure data is entered in a specific layout?
Easy
- AFormat check
- BRange check
- CLength check
- DType check
48.Match each validation check to its correct description.
Medium
- Range check
- Presence check
- Format check
- Checks data follows a specific pattern
- Checks data is within specified limits
- Checks a field has not been left blank
49.Arrange the following steps in the correct order for a double entry verification process.
Medium
- Compare the two entries
- Prompt user to enter data again
- Enter data the first time
- Enter data the second time
- Display error message if mismatch
50.Which of the following are types of validation checks? (Select all that apply)
Medium
- ARange check
- BDouble entry check
- CPresence check
- DVisual check
- EFormat check
51.A program accepts ages between 12 and 18 inclusive. What is the extreme minimum value that should be accepted?
Easy
52.Complete the sentence: A check digit is a numerical value that is the ___ digit of a larger code, calculated by applying an algorithm.
Easy
A check digit is a numerical value that is the ____ digit of a larger code, calculated by applying an algorithm.
53.State one example of abnormal test data for a program that accepts a user's age as an integer.
Medium
54.For a program that accepts ages between 12 and 18 inclusive, what is the boundary value just below the minimum acceptable age?
Easy
55.Complete the sentence about verification.
Medium
Verification checks that the data entered is the ____ as the data that was intended to be entered. Two methods are double entry and ____ checks.
56.Describe the purpose of a trace table and how it is used to test an algorithm.
Hard
57.A program accepts ages between 12 and 18 inclusive. What is the extreme minimum value that should be accepted?
Easy
- A13
- B11
- C14
- D12
58.For a program that accepts ages between 12 and 18 inclusive, what is the boundary value just below the minimum acceptable age?
Easy
- A10
- B13
- C12
- D11

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