Exercise, asthma and smoking

9.During exercise, which of the following increases to meet the higher oxygen demand of muscles?

10.A student measures their lung volume using water displacement before and after a 6-week exercise programme. They find that their lung volume increased by 15%. Which statement best explains this change?

11.A person's lung volume is measured as 4.5 dm³ using water displacement. They then inhale deeply and exhale fully into the apparatus. The volume of water displaced is 3.6 dm³. What is the person's tidal volume if their vital capacity is 4.5 dm³?

12.Which of the following is a trigger for asthma attacks mentioned in the source?

13.During an asthma attack, which of the following changes reduces the diameter of the airways?

14.A student with asthma uses an inhaler before exercise. The inhaler contains a drug that relaxes the muscles around the bronchi and bronchioles. What effect does this have on gas exchange?

15.Which substance in cigarette smoke binds to haemoglobin more strongly than oxygen?

16.A smoker has a lower blood oxygen concentration than a non-smoker. Which component of cigarette smoke is most directly responsible?

17.The diagram below shows the effect of smoking on cilia. Which of the following best describes the role of cilia in the respiratory system?

18.A student measures their lung volume using water displacement and obtains a value of 3.2 dm³. Which of the following best represents this measurement?

19.The graph below shows the effect of exercise on breathing rate over time. At time 0, the person starts exercising. Which pattern best represents the change in breathing rate?

20.A student measures lung volume using water displacement. They fill a large container with water, submerge an empty bottle upside down, and exhale into a tube connected to the bottle. The water displaced is 3.5 dm³. What does this 3.5 dm³ represent?

21.During an asthma attack, the lining of the bronchi and bronchioles becomes swollen and inflamed. What direct effect does this have on gas exchange?

22.A student measures their lung volume before and after a 6-week exercise programme. Before: 3.2 dm³. After: 3.7 dm³. What is the percentage increase in lung volume?

23.Carbon monoxide binds to haemoglobin more strongly than oxygen. What is the consequence for a smoker?

24.A student wants to investigate the effect of exercise on breathing rate. They measure breaths per minute at rest, then after 1 minute of running, then after 2 minutes, and so on. Which of the following is the dependent variable?

25.Which substance in cigarette smoke is described as addictive?

26.During exercise, why does breathing rate increase?

27.A student uses a spirometer to measure lung volume. They inhale normally, then exhale as much as possible into the spirometer. The volume recorded is 4.2 L. This measurement is best described as:

28.Tar damages cilia in the airways. What is the likely consequence of damaged cilia?

29.A student measures lung volume using water displacement. They fill a bottle completely with water, invert it in a container, and exhale into it. After exhaling, the water level in the bottle is at 1.2 L. The bottle's total capacity is 2.0 L. What volume of air did the student exhale?

30.Which of the following is NOT a substance found in cigarette smoke according to the source?

31.Which of the following is a true statement about exercise?

32.What substance in cigarette smoke is addictive?

33.Which of the following can trigger an asthma attack?

34.What are cilia?

35.Tar in cigarette smoke contains substances that can cause cancer. What are these substances called?

36.During an asthma attack, which of the following occurs?

37.How does carbon monoxide affect oxygen transport in the body?

38.Which of the following statements about regular exercise is correct?

39.Which of the following is NOT a symptom of asthma?

40.A student uses water displacement to measure lung volume. They fill a bottle completely with water, invert it in a container, and exhale into it. After exhaling, the bottle contains 4.2 dm³ of air. What does this measurement represent?

41.When you exercise, your breathing rate increases.

42.Nicotine is addictive.

43.Allergies can trigger an asthma attack.

44.Tar contains carcinogens.

45.Cilia are tiny hair-like structures that remove mucus.

46.Match each substance in cigarette smoke (left) with its primary effect on the body (right).

47.Place the following events in the correct order during an asthma attack. (1 = first, 4 = last)

48.Which of the following are effects of regular exercise? (Select all that apply)

49.During an asthma attack, which of the following directly reduces the diameter of the airways?

50.A student with asthma uses an inhaler before exercise. The inhaler contains a drug that relaxes the muscles around the bronchi and bronchioles. What effect does this have on the airways?

51.Describe how you could measure lung volume using water displacement.

52.A student measures their lung volume using water displacement. They fill a 5 dm³ bottle completely with water, invert it in a container, and exhale into it. After exhaling, the bottle contains 3.2 dm³ of air. What is the student's lung volume in dm³?

53.Complete the sentences about the effects of smoking.

54.A student measures their lung volume using water displacement. They fill a 5 dm³ bottle completely with water, invert it in a container, and exhale into it. After exhaling, the remaining water in the bottle is 1.2 dm³. What is the student's lung volume in dm³?

55.State one factor that can trigger an asthma attack.

56.State and explain what happens to your breathing rate and heart rate during exercise.

57.Describe how you could measure lung volume.

58.Describe why tar in cigarettes is harmful.

59.State three potential triggers of an asthma attack.

60.Describe what happens to the respiratory system during an asthma attack.

61.A student measures their lung volume using water displacement. They fill a 5 dm³ bottle completely with water, invert it in a container, and exhale into it. After exhaling, the bottle contains 3.2 dm³ of air. What is the student's lung volume in dm³?

62.A student measures their lung volume using water displacement. They fill a 5 dm³ bottle completely with water, invert it in a container, and exhale into it. After exhaling, the remaining water in the bottle is 1.2 dm³. What is the student's lung volume in dm³?