New and emerging technologies
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Catatan pelajaran
What are new technologies?
- This topic groups technology families that keep developing and finding new applications. CAD, automation, robots and additive manufacture are not all recent inventions. Emerging can refer to a developing application or capability rather than the first invention of the whole field.
- Automation carries out selected tasks with reduced direct intervention. Robotics can provide programmable physical movement; AI supports certain computational decisions; these overlap in some products but are not synonyms. A fixed automatic timer need not be a robot or a learning system.
Different roles in a digital system
Effects on industry
- CAD supports creating and modifying a digital design. CAM helps translate appropriate design and process information into controlled manufacturing operations. A correct digital file does not establish that the machine setup, material, tooling or finished part is correct.
- Additive manufacture adds or joins material, usually in layers. Subtractive machining removes stock; forming processes change shape by other mechanisms. Compare the complete route, including setup, supports, finishing and inspection. Complex geometry or customisation can favour an additive process, while high output of a stable design may favour a different route.
- A prototype is any representation used to investigate a design question. Rapid prototyping focuses on making and evaluating it quickly. Select a model that tests the required feature: a shape model does not establish production strength, finish or long-term reliability.
Digital design to checked additive part
Effects on society and culture
- A suitable automation project may improve repeatability, capacity and working conditions, but configuration faults can repeat mistakes. Include capital, integration, maintenance, training, energy, downtime and changing demand in the business case.
- Workers may face task displacement, different skill requirements or new opportunities. Evaluate training, redeployment, accessibility and how benefits or costs are shared rather than treating all job changes as identical. Wearable systems and connected products can add useful functions but may exclude people through cost, design or required connectivity.
Potential benefit needs a condition
Effects on the environment
- Compare material use, waste, energy, consumables, transport, useful life, repair and end-of-life routes for a stated function. An additive process can use less material in one case without automatically having the lowest whole-life impact. Supports, unsuccessful builds and finishing still matter.
- Electronic systems need resources and energy and may become e-waste when damaged, obsolete or unsupported. Maintainability, replacement parts and continued support can extend useful life. The newest technology is not automatically the best environmental choice.
Compare the whole manufacturing route
Enterprise and crowdfunding
- Online selling can help designers reach users, while crowdfunding can raise contributions towards a project. Funding does not guarantee a workable design, profit or delivery. Identify the offered product or other return and the resources needed to fulfil it.
- To evaluate a proposal, connect a stated advantage and limitation to the product, production quantity and user. Compare realistic alternatives, then use a trial and measured outcomes rather than treating a headline claim as proof.
Judge adoption in context
Connected systems and AI
- IoT products combine physical devices with networked data exchange or control. A sensor can send readings through a local network or gateway to a service; some functions may work locally. Decide what happens when connectivity or a service fails.
- Monitoring shows conditions; predictive maintenance uses evidence and models to estimate a future need. AI is broader than machine learning, and an automated process need not use either. Check output validity, harmful bias, privacy and human responsibility in the intended use.
Monitoring is not a guaranteed prediction
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1.What is automation?
Easy- Ausing machines to carry out tasks with little human input
- Bmaking things by hand
- Ca type of material
- Da drawing method
2.What is a robot used for in manufacturing?
Easy- Adesigning logos
- Bselling products
- Cwriting reports
- Drepetitive, accurate or dangerous tasks
3.What does CAD stand for?
Easy- Acontrol and drawing
- Bcut and draw
- Ccomputer-aided design
- Dcomputer-assisted drilling
4.What does CAM stand for?
Easy- Acut and make
- Bcomputer-aided manufacture
- Ccomputer aided maths
- Dcontrol and measure
5.What is 3D printing?
Easy- Abuilding an object layer by layer
- Bcutting from a block
- Ccasting metal
- Dsewing fabric
6.Which is an advantage of 3D printing?
Easy- Amass production of huge items
- Bno need for design
- Cno materials
- Dcomplex geometry and rapid iterations in suitable applications
7.What is a smart home?
Easy- Aa small house
- Ba house built by hand
- Ca home using connected sensing, control or automated functions
- Da house with no electricity
8.What is a wearable technology?
Easy- Aa tool
- Ba device worn such as a smartwatch
- Ca coat
- Da toy
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