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Untuk pendidik: slide pelajaran, catatan ulasan siap pakai untuk Using quotations and evidence (English Literature, Skills) — gunakan dalam pelajaranmu, atau jalankan topik sebagai aktivitas kelas interaktif yang dimainkan pembelajar sebagai permainan langsung.
Quotations are your evidence. They show that your interpretation is rooted in the text, and give you words to analyse closely.
Evidence is wider than a quotation
Choosing quotations
Select wording that is accurate and useful for the specific interpretation. A word or short phrase often provides enough material, but there is no universal one-line limit.
Learn some flexible references in their scene or passage context. Show change or continuity where relevant instead of mechanically quoting an opening, middle and ending.
From a word to an interpretation
Using quotations
Embed the quotation in your own sentence: Macbeth calls his own ambition "vaulting".
Mark exact wording clearly. An added ellipsis can identify an omission; an ellipsis from the original text may have a different function. Never omit wording in a way that reverses meaning.
Explain how selected words or wider patterns contribute to the reading. Word-level analysis is one route, not a compulsory formula after every quotation.
If using a long quotation, introduce it and analyse parts.
Editing must preserve meaning
Referencing without quoting
For a long scene or an event, use paraphrase or reference ("In Act 3, Banquo's ghost appears...") and analyse the effect.
Common errors
Errors include unsupported copying, inaccurate wording, distorted omissions and irrelevant evidence. A longer quotation is not inherently wrong; its length needs to serve the analysis.
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