Copyright, licensing and re-using digital content

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Catatan pelajaran

What is Copyright?

Copyright is a type of intellectual property that gives the owner exclusive legal rights to copy, distribute, adapt, display, and perform a creative work.
Creative works include literary, artistic, educational, and musical works.
Copyright protects the original expression of an idea, not the idea itself.
Copyright is usually for a limited time (often 50–100 years after the creator's death).
In the UK, there are limitations like fair dealing (similar to fair use in the US).

Who Owns Digital Work?

The creator of a digital work usually owns the copyright automatically.
If multiple people create a work, they may share the rights as rights holders.
Copyright can be licensed or transferred to others.
When you create something original, you own it and have moral rights like attribution.

Copyright Basics for Images, Music, and Text

Images: Photos, illustrations, and graphics are protected by copyright.
Music: Songs, recordings, and compositions are protected.
Text: Books, articles, and web content are protected.
You must get permission from the owner to use their work, unless it's allowed by a licence or exception.

Licences and Creative Commons

A licence is a legal permission that allows others to use a work under certain conditions.
Creative Commons (CC) is a set of free licences that let creators share their work legally.
CC licences have different conditions, such as attribution (BY), non-commercial (NC), no derivatives (ND), and share alike (SA).
Always check the licence to see what you can and cannot do with a work.

Crediting Sources

When you use someone else's work, you must credit the source.
Crediting means giving attribution – naming the creator and the source.
Proper crediting shows respect for the creator and avoids plagiarism.
For CC works, follow the attribution requirements stated in the licence.

Plagiarism

Plagiarism is using someone else's work or ideas without giving credit.
Plagiarism is a form of academic dishonesty and can have serious consequences.
To avoid plagiarism, always cite your sources and use quotation marks for direct quotes.
Even if you paraphrase, you must still credit the original idea.

Legally Re-using and Re-purposing Content

You can legally re-use content if you have permission (e.g., a licence) or if the work is in the public domain.
Public domain works are not protected by copyright and can be used freely.
Fair dealing in the UK allows limited use for purposes like criticism, review, or education.
When re-purposing, respect the original creator's rights and any licence conditions.

History of Copyright

Copyright developed after the printing press in the 15th–16th centuries.
The Statute of Anne (1710) was the first copyright law, protecting authors' works.
The Berne Convention (1886) established international copyright protection.
Copyright laws aim to incentivise creativity by giving creators exclusive rights.

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1.Copyright gives the owner the exclusive legal right to copy, distribute, adapt, display, and perform a creative work.
Easy
True or false?
2.Copyright protects the idea itself, not just the expression of the idea.
Easy
True or false?
3.In the UK, the fair dealing doctrine is a limitation on copyright based on public interest.
Easy
True or false?
4.Copyrights granted by public law are considered 'territorial rights', meaning they extend beyond the territory of the granting jurisdiction.
Easy
True or false?
5.The duration of copyright always expires 50 years after the creator dies, regardless of jurisdiction.
Easy
True or false?
6.Some countries require formal registration to establish copyright, while others recognize copyright in any completed work without registration.
Easy
True or false?
7.The concept of copyright first developed in the United States.
Easy
True or false?
8.The Statute of Anne, enacted in 1710, was the first legislation to protect authors' rights.
Easy
True or false?

Soal lainnya

9.The Berne International Copyright Convention of 1886 provided protection for authors among the countries who signed the agreement.
Easy
True or false?
10.The Copyright Act of 1976 in the US changed the copyright term to 'life of the author plus 50 years'.
Easy
True or false?
11.The US joined the Berne Convention in 1989, after revising its copyright law to conform more closely with it.
Easy
True or false?
12.Copyright laws incentivize creative production by allowing products of creative human activities to be preferentially exploited.
Easy
True or false?
13.Which of the following are types of creative works that can be protected by copyright? (select all that apply)
Medium
- ALiterary works
- BMathematical formulas
- CMusical compositions
- DArtistic works
- EIdeas
14.Match each historical document or event with its significance in copyright history.
Medium
- Licensing of the Press Act 1662
- Statute of Anne 1710
- Berne Convention 1886
- Required registration with the Stationers' Company
- First legislation to protect copyrights
- Provided international protection for authors
15.Arrange these events in chronological order, from earliest to latest.
Medium
- Licensing of the Press Act 1662
- Statute of Anne 1710
- Copyright Act 1814
- Berne Convention 1886
- US joins Berne Convention 1989
16.Copyright protects the original expression of an idea, but not the idea itself.
Easy
True or false?
17.Why did copyright not emerge in medieval Europe according to the source?
Medium
- ABecause there was no printing press
- BBecause knowledge was seen as collective, not individual property
- CBecause the church forbade it
- DBecause there were no authors
18.Which of the following are rights typically included in copyright? (select all that apply)
Medium
- AReproduction
- BControl over derivative works
- CDistribution
- DPublic performance
- EGuaranteed profit
19.Match each term with its correct description.
Medium
- Rights holder
- Public domain
- Territorial rights
- A person or group that owns the rights to a work
- Works whose copyright has expired or never existed
- Rights that apply only within a specific country's jurisdiction
20.In the United States, the Copyright Act of 1976 changed the copyright term to 'life of the author plus 50 years'.
Easy
True or false?
21.A student finds a photo online and wants to use it in a school project. The photo has no copyright notice. Which of the following is true?
Medium
- AThe photo is in the public domain and can be used freely.
- BThe photo is protected by copyright even without a notice.
- CThe photo can be used if the student credits the photographer.
- DThe photo can be used only if the student pays a fee.
22.A musician records a song and wants to allow others to remix it as long as they share their remix under the same licence. Which Creative Commons licence should they choose?
Medium
- ACC BY
- BCC BY-SA
- CCC BY-NC
- DCC BY-ND
23.Which of the following actions would be considered copyright infringement? (select all that apply)
Medium
- ACopying a friend's essay and submitting it as your own.
- BUsing a copyrighted image in a school presentation without permission.
- CLinking to a website that hosts copyrighted videos.
- DQuoting a short passage from a book with attribution.
- EDownloading a movie from an unofficial website.
24.In the UK, you can use any copyrighted work without permission if you are a student.
Easy
True or false?
25.Match each Creative Commons licence element with its meaning.
Medium
- BY
- NC
- ND
- SA
- Attribution required
- No commercial use
- No derivatives
- Share alike
26.Arrange the following events in the correct chronological order.
Medium
- Statute of Anne
- Berne Convention
- US Copyright Act of 1976
- US joins Berne Convention
27.What does the 'NC' in the licence mean?
Medium
- ANo commercial use
- BNon-credit
- CNo copying
- DNo copyright
28.If the student wants to modify the image, what does the 'ND' part require?
Medium
- AThey must share the modified image under the same licence.
- BThey must not modify the image at all.
- CThey must pay the creator for permission.
- DThey can modify but must credit the original creator.
29.The student can use the image in their blog as long as they give credit to the creator.
Easy
True or false?
30.A company in the UK wants to use a photograph taken in the US. The photograph is protected by US copyright but not registered in the UK. What is the most accurate statement?
Hard
- AThe photograph is not protected in the UK because it is not registered there.
- BThe photograph is protected in the UK because of international treaties like the Berne Convention.
- CThe photograph is in the public domain in the UK because US copyright is not recognized.
- DThe company can use it freely because the photo is from the US.
31.In the UK, the fair dealing doctrine allows unlimited use of copyrighted material for any purpose.
Easy
True or false?
32.Which of the following is an example of 'fixing' a copyrighted work?
Medium
- AWriting a poem on paper
- BThinking about a story idea
- CTelling a joke to a friend
- DDreaming about a painting
33.Which of the following actions would require permission from the copyright holder? (Select all that apply)
Medium
- ACopying a song onto a CD to sell
- BQuoting a short passage from a book for a school essay with credit
- CUsing a copyrighted image in a commercial advertisement without permission
- DPerforming a copyrighted play in a public theatre without a licence
34.Match each historical event with its significance.
Medium
- Statute of Anne (1710)
- Berne Convention (1886)
- Copyright Act 1976 (US)
- First legislation to protect copyrights
- International protection for authors
- Extended US copyright term to life plus 50 years
35.A student finds a photo online without any copyright notice. Which of the following is true?
Medium
- AThe photo is in the public domain.
- BThe photo is protected by copyright even without a notice.
- CThe student can use the photo freely because there is no notice.
- DThe photo cannot be protected by copyright.
36.A musician wants to allow others to remix their song, but only if they share the remix under the same licence. Which Creative Commons licence should they use?
Medium
- ACC BY
- BCC BY-SA
- CCC BY-NC
- DCC BY-ND
37.The student can use the image without permission if they give credit to the creator.
Easy
True or false?
38.If the image is licensed under CC BY, what must the student do?
Medium
- APay a fee to the creator
- BGive appropriate credit
- CObtain written permission
- DDo nothing
39.Copyright is a type of intellectual property that gives its owner the exclusive legal right to copy, distribute, adapt, display, and perform a creative work.
Easy
True or false?
40.Which of the following is a type of creative work that can be protected by copyright?
Easy
- AA recipe
- BA musical composition
- CA mathematical formula
- DA scientific fact
41.What is the name of the UK doctrine that allows limited use of copyrighted material without permission for purposes such as criticism, review, and news reporting?
Medium
42.In the UK, what is the typical minimum duration of copyright after the creator's death, in years?
Easy
43.Fill in the blanks with the correct terms.
Easy
Copyright is a type of ____ that gives its owner the exclusive legal right to copy, distribute, adapt, display, and perform a creative work. When copyright expires, the work enters the ____.
44.What is the name of the international treaty that provides copyright protection among signatory countries?
Medium
45.In the UK, if an author dies in 2020 and the copyright duration is life plus 70 years, in what year does the copyright expire?
Easy
46.In the UK, the typical duration of copyright after the creator's death is life plus how many years?
Easy
47.An author dies in 2020. In what year does their copyright expire in the UK, assuming the standard duration?
Medium
48.What is the name of the international treaty, first signed in 1886, that provides copyright protection among its signatory countries?
Easy
49.In the US, what is the name of the doctrine that allows limited use of copyrighted material without permission for purposes such as criticism, comment, news reporting, teaching, scholarship, or research?
Easy
50.What does 'fixing' a copyrighted work mean? Give a one-word answer that describes the requirement.
Medium
51.In the UK, if an author dies in 2020 and the copyright duration is life plus 70 years, in what year does the copyright expire? (Give the year only)
Medium
52.What is the name of the legal doctrine in the UK that allows limited use of copyrighted material without permission for purposes such as criticism, review, and news reporting?
Easy
53.Explain why copyright laws are considered important for incentivizing creative production, and give one example of how they do this.
Hard
54.Explain why copyright is considered a 'territorial right' and give one practical implication for a user reusing digital content.
Hard
55.In the UK, what is the typical minimum duration of copyright after the creator's death, in years?
Easy
- A50 years
- B45 years
- C60 years
- D55 years
56.In the UK, if an author dies in 2020 and the copyright duration is life plus 70 years, in what year does the copyright expire?
Easy
- A2090
- B2508
- C1881
- D2299
57.In the UK, the typical duration of copyright after the creator's death is life plus how many years?
Easy
- A63 years
- B77 years
- C70 years
- D84 years
58.An author dies in 2020. In what year does their copyright expire in the UK, assuming the standard duration?
Medium
- A1881
- B2299
- C2508
- D2090

Catatan ulasan

## Copyright, Licensing and Re-using Digital Content ### What is Copyright? - **Copyright** is a type of **intellectual property** that gives the owner the **exclusive legal right** to copy, distribute, adapt, display, and perform a creative work. - It protects the **original expression of an idea**, not the idea itself. - Works can be literary, artistic, educational, or musical. - In the UK, limitations include the **fair dealing** doctrine (similar to fair use in the US). - Copyright is often shared among multiple authors (rights holders). ### Who Owns Digital Work? - The creator usually owns the copyright automatically when they create a work. - In the UK, copyright arises automatically; no registration is needed. - Rights holders have rights like reproduction, control over derivative works, distribution, public performance, and moral rights (e.g., attribution). ### Duration and Public Domain - Copyright lasts for a limited time, typically **50 to 100 years after the creator dies**, depending on the country. - When copyright expires, the work enters the **public domain** and can be used freely. ### Licensing and Creative Commons - **Licences** let others legally use your work under certain conditions. - **Creative Commons (CC)** licences are a popular way to share work legally. They allow creators to specify permissions (e.g., attribution, non-commercial use). - Always check the licence before re-using content. ### Crediting Sources and Plagiarism - **Crediting sources** means acknowledging the original creator when you use their work. - **Plagiarism** is using someone else's work or ideas without permission or credit, which is unethical and often illegal. - Even with a licence, you must follow its terms (e.g., give credit). ### Re-using and Re-purposing Content - You can legally re-use content if you have permission (e.g., via a licence) or if it's in the public domain. - Always respect copyright and licensing rules when creating your own digital artefacts. ### Key Points to Remember - Copyright protects creative works automatically. - You must get permission or a licence to use others' work. - Give credit to the original creator. - Avoid plagiarism. - Use Creative Commons and public domain resources legally.

Copyright: A type of intellectual property that gives its owner the exclusive legal right to copy, distribute, adapt, display, and perform a creative work, usually for a limited time.
Intellectual property: A creation of the mind, such as an invention, literary or artistic work, design, symbol, or name, that is protected by law.
Rights holder: A person or organisation that owns the rights to a copyrighted work, often the creator or someone who has been granted rights.
Fair dealing: A legal doctrine in the UK that allows limited use of copyrighted material without permission for purposes such as research, private study, criticism, or review.
Public domain: Works that are not protected by copyright and are free for anyone to use, usually because the copyright has expired or was never granted.
Creative Commons: A licensing system that allows creators to grant permission for others to use their work under specified conditions, such as attribution or non-commercial use.
Licence: A legal permission granted by a rights holder that allows others to use the work in specific ways.
Plagiarism: Using someone else's work or ideas without giving proper credit, which is unethical and may be illegal.
Attribution: Giving credit to the original creator of a work, often required by licences like Creative Commons.

Kartu flash

What is a copyright?

A type of intellectual property giving the owner exclusive legal rights to copy, distribute, adapt, display, and perform a creative work, usually for a limited time.

What does copyright protect?

It protects the original expression of an idea in a creative work, but not the idea itself.

What is 'fixing' in copyright?

Some jurisdictions require a work to be fixed in a tangible form (e.g., written down or recorded) for copyright to exist.

What are the main rights of a copyright holder?

Rights include reproduction, control over derivative works, distribution, public performance, and moral rights such as attribution.

What is a 'rights holder'?

A person or entity that holds rights to use or license a copyrighted work; a work may have multiple rights holders.

What does 'territorial rights' mean in copyright?

Copyrights granted by a country's law do not extend beyond that country's territory; they vary by jurisdiction.

How long does copyright typically last?

Usually 50 to 100 years after the creator dies, depending on the jurisdiction.

What happens when a copyright expires?

The work enters the public domain, meaning it can be used freely by anyone.

What is the public domain?

Works whose copyright has expired or never existed, so they are free for anyone to use without permission.

What is plagiarism?

Using someone else's work or ideas without giving credit, presenting it as your own; it is an ethical issue, not necessarily illegal.

What is a Creative Commons licence?

A type of licence that allows creators to grant permission for others to use their work under certain conditions, such as attribution or non-commercial use.

What does 'attribution' mean in licensing?

Giving credit to the original creator when you use their work, as required by many licences like Creative Commons.

What is 'fair dealing'?

A legal doctrine in the UK that allows limited use of copyrighted material without permission for purposes like research, criticism, or news reporting.

What is 'fair use'?

A similar doctrine to fair dealing, used in the US, allowing limited use of copyrighted material without permission under certain circumstances.

What was the Statute of Anne?

The first copyright legislation, enacted in 1710 in England and Scotland, protecting published works.

What was the Berne Convention?

An international agreement from 1886 that provided copyright protection among signatory countries; the US joined in 1989.

What is the Copyright Act of 1976 in the US?

A major overhaul that extended federal copyright to works as soon as they are created and fixed, and changed the term to life of the author plus 50 years.

What is the Licensing of the Press Act 1662?

An English law that required publications to be registered with the Stationers' Company, giving them control over what was printed.

Why did copyright develop after the printing press?

The printing press made copying cheap, so printers needed legal protection to prevent others from reprinting their works.

What is a derivative work?

A work based on or derived from one or more existing works, such as a translation, adaptation, or remix; copyright holders control making derivative works.

What is the difference between copyright and plagiarism?

Copyright is a legal right protecting the work; plagiarism is using someone's work without credit, which is unethical but not always illegal.

What does 're-purposing' content mean?

Using existing digital content in a new way or for a new purpose, which may require permission or a licence if it is copyrighted.

What is a licence?

Permission from a rights holder to use their work in specific ways, often with conditions.

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