Reproduction
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練習問題
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1.Which type of reproduction produces genetically identical offspring?
Easy- ASexual reproduction
- BAsexual reproduction
- CBoth sexual and asexual reproduction
- DNeither sexual nor asexual reproduction
2.In sexual reproduction, offspring inherit all of their genes from one parent only.
EasyTrue or false?
3.What is the main advantage of sexual reproduction over asexual reproduction?
Easy- AIt is faster and requires less energy
- BIt produces genetically identical offspring
- CIt increases genetic variation in the population
- DIt does not require a mate
4.Which of the following organisms can reproduce by budding?
Easy- ABacteria
- BHydra
- CHumans
- DFerns
5.Which of the following are methods of asexual reproduction? (Select all that apply)
Medium- ABinary fission
- BParthenogenesis
- CCross-pollination
- DFragmentation
- EFertilisation
6.Match each organism or group with its typical mode of reproduction.
Medium- Bacteria
- Hydra
- Most animals
- Yeast
- Binary fission
- Budding
- Sexual reproduction
7.Arrange the following events in the correct order for sexual reproduction in a flowering plant.
Medium- Pollen lands on stigma
- Fertilisation occurs
- Pollen tube grows
- Seed develops
8.What is the process called when a sperm cell fuses with an egg cell?
Easy- APollination
- BFertilisation
- CGermination
- DBudding
もっと問題
9.Match each reproductive method with its correct description.
Medium- Binary fission
- Budding
- Fragmentation
- Parthenogenesis
- An organism splits into two identical daughter cells
- A new individual grows from a parent's body and detaches
- A parent breaks into pieces, each growing into a new organism
- Development of an unfertilised egg into a new individual
10.Which of the following are examples of organisms that can reproduce both sexually and asexually? (Select all that apply)
Medium- AHydra
- BYeast
- CBacterium (E. coli)
- DMost flowering plants
- EHuman
11.Which of the following is an advantage of sexual reproduction over asexual reproduction?
Easy- AProduces offspring faster
- BOffspring are genetically identical to parent
- CIncreases genetic diversity in the population
- DRequires only one parent
12.Match each term with its correct description in the context of reproduction.
Medium- Gamete
- Zygote
- Meiosis
- Fertilisation
- A haploid cell that fuses with another during fertilisation
- A diploid cell formed by the fusion of two gametes
- Cell division that produces haploid cells
- Fusion of male and female gametes
13.Arrange the following events in the correct order for the human menstrual cycle (starting from day 1).
Medium- Ovulation
- Menstruation
- Luteal phase
- Follicular phase
14.Which of the following organisms reproduces by budding?
Easy- ABacterium
- BHydra
- CFern
- DRabbit
15.A farmer notices that all of his potato plants are genetically identical. Which type of reproduction most likely produced these plants?
Medium- ASexual reproduction via seeds
- BAsexual reproduction via tubers
- CBudding
- DFragmentation
16.In asexual reproduction, offspring are genetically identical to the parent.
EasyTrue or false?
17.Match each organism with its typical method of asexual reproduction.
Easy- Hydra
- Bacterium
- Yeast
- Binary fission
- Budding
18.Arrange the following events in the correct order for sexual reproduction in a flowering plant:
Medium- Pollen grain lands on stigma
- Pollen tube grows through style
- Sperm cell fertilises egg cell
- Pollen grain produces pollen tube
19.A species of lizard can reproduce by parthenogenesis. What does this mean?
Easy- AThe lizard reproduces sexually with another lizard
- BThe lizard produces offspring from unfertilised eggs
- CThe lizard reproduces by budding
- DThe lizard reproduces by binary fission
20.In the green alga Chlamydomonas, gametes are identical in form. This condition is called:
Medium- AAnisogamy
- BIsogamy
- COogamy
- DHeterogamy
21.Arrange the following events in the correct order for the human menstrual cycle (starting from day 1):
Medium- Ovulation
- Menstruation
- Luteal phase
- Follicular phase
22.A student is investigating the effect of temperature on the rate of asexual reproduction in yeast. Which of the following would be the most appropriate method to measure the rate of reproduction?
Hard- ACounting the number of yeast cells under a microscope at regular intervals
- BMeasuring the change in pH of the culture medium
- CWeighing the total mass of yeast at the start and end of the experiment
- DObserving the colour change of a pH indicator
23.In an experiment, a scientist places a cutting from a plant in moist soil and observes that it develops roots and grows into a new plant. This is an example of which type of reproduction?
Medium- ASexual reproduction via seeds
- BAsexual reproduction via vegetative propagation
- CAsexual reproduction via binary fission
- DSexual reproduction via spores
24.A scientist observes that a species of lizard can produce offspring from unfertilised eggs. What is this process called?
Easy- AFragmentation
- BParthenogenesis
- CBudding
- DBinary fission
25.Which type of cell division produces gametes?
Easy- AMitosis
- BMeiosis
- CBinary fission
- DBudding
26.What is the term for a type of reproduction where an organism can reproduce without the involvement of another organism?
Easy- ASexual reproduction
- BAsexual reproduction
- CFertilisation
- DAllogamy
27.Match each term with its correct description.
Medium- Gamete
- Zygote
- Meiosis
- Fertilised egg cell
- Cell division that halves chromosome number
- Reproductive cell with half the chromosomes
28.Sexual reproduction always requires two parents.
EasyTrue or false?
29.Asexual reproduction produces offspring that are genetically identical to the parent.
EasyTrue or false?
30.Which of the following are forms of asexual reproduction? (Select all that apply)
Medium- ABinary fission
- BBudding
- CFertilisation
- DFragmentation
31.In an experiment, a scientist places a cutting from a plant in moist soil and observes that it develops roots and grows into a new plant. This is an example of:
Easy- ASexual reproduction
- BAsexual reproduction
- CFertilisation
- DPollination
32.Which of the following organisms can reproduce both sexually and asexually? (Select all that apply)
Medium- AHydra
- BYeast
- CMost plants
- DBacteria
33.What is the name of the process by which bacteria reproduce asexually?
Easy- ABinary fission
- BBudding
- CFragmentation
- DParthenogenesis
34.A farmer grows potatoes by planting tubers. The new potato plants are genetically identical to the parent plant. Which type of reproduction does this represent?
Easy- ASexual reproduction
- BAsexual reproduction
- CVegetative propagation
- DBinary fission
35.In a population of flowers, a mutation introduces a new allele for petal colour. Which process is most likely to spread this allele through the population?
Hard- AAsexual reproduction by runners
- BSelf-fertilisation
- CCross-pollination between different plants
- DVegetative propagation
36.A student investigates the effect of temperature on the rate of budding in yeast. They set up three flasks of yeast culture at 15°C, 25°C, and 35°C and count the number of yeast cells every hour for 6 hours. Which of the following is the most appropriate control variable in this experiment?
Medium- ATemperature
- BNumber of yeast cells
- CVolume of yeast culture
- DTime
37.Which of the following is a disadvantage of asexual reproduction?
Easy- AIt produces offspring quickly.
- BIt requires only one parent.
- CIt produces genetically identical offspring, reducing genetic diversity.
- DIt does not require specialised reproductive organs.
38.In asexual reproduction, the offspring are genetically identical to the parent.
EasyTrue or false?
39.Which of the following is a method of asexual reproduction?
Easy- ABinary fission
- BFertilisation
- CMeiosis
- DPollination
40.Arrange the following events in the correct order for sexual reproduction in a flowering plant (starting from pollination).
Medium- Pollen tube grows to the ovule
- Fertilisation occurs
- Pollen lands on the stigma
- Seed develops
41.Fill in the blanks with the correct terms.
EasyThe male gamete in animals is called the ____, and the female gamete is called the ____.
42.Name the type of cell division that produces gametes.
Easy43.If a somatic cell of an organism has 46 chromosomes, how many chromosomes will be in its gametes?
Easy44.Complete the sentence.
EasyThe type of cell division that produces gametes is called ____.
45.If a somatic cell of a human has 46 chromosomes, how many chromosomes are in a human gamete?
Easy46.If a somatic cell of a human has 46 chromosomes, how many chromosomes are in a human egg cell?
Easy47.Complete the sentence: In sexual reproduction, the fusion of a sperm and an egg cell is called _______.
EasyIn sexual reproduction, the fusion of a sperm and an egg cell is called ____.
48.Fill in the blanks: In meiosis, the chromosome number is ______, producing ______ cells.
MediumIn meiosis, the chromosome number is ____, producing ____ cells.
49.Complete the sentence: The male gamete in animals is called the ______.
EasyThe male gamete in animals is called the ____.
50.What is the name of the type of cell division that produces gametes?
Easy51.What term describes a species where male and female gametes are similar in size and shape?
Easy52.What is the term for asexual reproduction in which an embryo develops from an unfertilised egg?
Easy53.Explain one advantage and one disadvantage of asexual reproduction compared to sexual reproduction.
Medium54.Explain the two-fold cost of sexual reproduction.
Hard55.Explain why sexual reproduction is advantageous for species survival despite its costs.
Medium56.Explain one advantage of asexual reproduction.
Easy57.If a somatic cell of an organism has 46 chromosomes, how many chromosomes will be in its gametes?
Medium- A21 chromosomes
- B27 chromosomes
- C25 chromosomes
- D23 chromosomes
58.If a somatic cell of a human has 46 chromosomes, how many chromosomes are in a human gamete?
Easy- A23 chromosomes
- B27 chromosomes
- C25 chromosomes
- D21 chromosomes
59.If a somatic cell of a human has 46 chromosomes, how many chromosomes are in a human egg cell?
Easy- A23 chromosomes
- B21 chromosomes
- C27 chromosomes
- D25 chromosomes
フラッシュカード
What are the two main forms of reproduction?
Asexual and sexual reproduction.
Define asexual reproduction.
Asexual reproduction is a process where an organism creates genetically similar or identical copies of itself without the contribution of genetic material from another organism.
Define sexual reproduction.
Sexual reproduction is a biological process that creates a new organism by combining the genetic material of two organisms, starting with meiosis to produce haploid gametes.
What are gametes?
Gametes are specialized reproductive cells that contain half the number of chromosomes of somatic cells, created by meiosis. Examples are sperm and egg cells.
What is fertilisation?
Fertilisation is the fusion of a sperm cell with an egg cell to form a zygote.
What is a zygote?
A zygote is the fertilized egg cell resulting from the fusion of male and female gametes, which develops into a new organism.
What is the two-fold cost of sexual reproduction?
Only 50% of organisms reproduce, and organisms only pass on 50% of their genes.
Give an example of an organism that reproduces asexually by binary fission.
Bacteria reproduce asexually via binary fission.
Give an example of an organism that reproduces asexually by budding.
Hydras and yeasts reproduce by budding.
What is parthenogenesis?
Parthenogenesis is the growth and development of an embryo or seed without fertilization, occurring naturally in some species like water fleas, aphids, and some reptiles.
What is vegetative reproduction?
Vegetative reproduction is a form of asexual reproduction in plants that does not involve seeds or spores, e.g., runners or tubers.
What are the male and female gametes called in anisogamous species?
Male gametes are called sperm (or microspores), and female gametes are called ova (or megaspores).
What is the difference between anisogamous and isogamous species?
In anisogamous species, gametes differ in size or form (e.g., sperm and egg); in isogamous species, gametes are similar or identical in form.
What is allogamy?
Allogamy is cross-fertilization, where a flower's ovum is fertilized by sperm from pollen of a different plant, often via pollinators or wind.
What is autogamy?
Autogamy is self-fertilization, where a flower's ovum is fertilized by its own pollen.
What is the advantage of sexual reproduction over asexual reproduction?
Sexual reproduction increases genetic diversity, which helps populations survive environmental changes and masks deleterious alleles.
What is the main disadvantage of asexual reproduction?
Asexual reproduction produces genetically identical offspring, reducing genetic diversity and adaptability.
What is the role of meiosis in sexual reproduction?
Meiosis produces haploid gametes (sperm and egg) with half the chromosome number, allowing genetic recombination and variation.
What is the difference between haploid and diploid?
Haploid cells have one set of chromosomes (n), while diploid cells have two sets (2n). Gametes are haploid; zygotes are diploid.
What is conjugation in bacteria?
Conjugation is a process where bacteria exchange genetic material through direct cell-to-cell contact, a form of horizontal gene transfer.
Name a species that reproduces only asexually.
The ant species Mycocepurus smithii is thought to reproduce entirely by asexual means.
What is the main difference between asexual and sexual reproduction in terms of offspring genetics?
Asexual reproduction produces genetically identical offspring (clones), while sexual reproduction produces genetically diverse offspring.
What is a spore?
A spore is a reproductive cell that can develop into a new organism without fusion with another cell, often produced by mitosis in asexual reproduction.