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レッスンノート Sentence boundaries Every sentence starts with a capital letter and ends with a full stop , question mark or exclamation mark . A comma splice joins two main clauses with only a comma ("It was late, we went home"). Fix it with a full stop, a semicolon, or a conjunction ("It was late, so we went home"). Repair the comma splice Repair the comma splice Choice Corrected sentence Full stop It was late. We went home. Semicolon It was late; we went home. Conjunction It was late, so we went home.
Commas Commas separate list items and may mark introductory adverbials where they aid clarity. A short introduction such as “Today we leave” may not require a comma. Enclose supplementary information with paired commas: “My brother, who is ten, plays chess.” A defining clause identifies its noun and is not set off in the same way: “The brother who lives nearby plays chess.” A comma before a coordinating conjunction often helps separate two independent clauses; short unambiguous clauses may not need it. Never place a comma between a subject and its verb merely because you pause there. Apostrophes Contraction : shows missing letters ("don't", "it's" = it is).Possession : singular owner adds 's ("the dog's bone"); plural ending in s adds only an apostrophe ("the girls' coats"); irregular plurals add 's ("the children's toys").Possessive “its” has no apostrophe; “it’s” means “it is” or “it has”. Ordinary plurals take no apostrophe: “apples”, not “apple’s”. Apostrophes change meaning Apostrophes change meaning Expression Meaning the dog’s bowl One dog owns the bowl the dogs’ bowls Several dogs own bowls the children’s game Irregular plural possession its tail / it’s cold Possession / it is
Direct speech Use inverted commas around the spoken words, with punctuation inside, and start a new line for a new speaker: "Come here," she said. Other punctuation A colon can introduce a list or explanation after a complete clause. A semicolon can link related independent clauses or separate complex list items. Paired dashes and brackets can enclose an aside. An ellipsis may mark trailing speech, hesitation or omitted quoted material. Use a complete opening clause Use a complete opening clause Mark Original example Colon Bring three items: pens, paper and a ruler. Semicolon The rain stopped; we went outside. Paired dashes The result — a surprise — was announced.
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練習問題 無料プレビュー — 34問中8問。すべて見るには登録を。 1. Which punctuation usually closes a neutral declarative sentence?
Easy A a full stopB a commaC a colonD a dash2. Which mark normally closes a direct question?
Easy A a full stopB a commaC an apostropheD a question mark3. Which sentence uses commas correctly in a list?
Easy A We bought apples pears, and plums.B We, bought apples, pears.C We bought apples, pears and plums.D We bought, apples pears and plums.4. What does the apostrophe show in 'don't'?
Easy A a questionB missing lettersC possessionD a plural5. What does the apostrophe show in 'the dog's bone'?
Easy A possessionB a contractionC a pluralD speech6. Which sentence correctly shows that the coats belong to several girls?
Easy A The girl's coats were wet (many girls).B The girls coat's were wet.C The girls's coats were wet.D The girls' coats were wet.A The childrens toys were tidy.B The children toys were tidy.C The children's toys were tidy.D The childrens' toys were tidy.8. Which is a comma splice?
Easy A It was cold; we put on coats.B It was cold, we put on coats.C It was cold, so we put on coats.D It was cold. We put on coats.もっと問題 9. How can a comma splice be fixed?
Easy A with a full stop, a semicolon or a conjunctionB adding more commasC deleting the verbD adding an apostrophe10. Which sentence has correct speech punctuation?
Easy A "Come here" she said.B "Come here", she said.C Come here, she said.D "Come here," she said.11. Which advice about a comma after an introductory adverbial is most accurate?
Easy A A comma can never follow an introductory phrase.B Only an introductory person’s name can take a comma.C Use one when it helps mark the introduction clearly; a short unambiguous adverbial may not need one.D Every introductory word must always have a comma.12. Which uses a colon correctly?
Medium A You will need three things; a pen, a ruler.B You will need three things: a pen, a ruler and a rubber.C You will need: three things a pen.D You: will need three.13. Which uses a semicolon correctly?
Medium A It was raining; we stayed in.B It was; raining we stayed in.C It was raining; and we stayed in.D It; was raining.14. Which correctly encloses “who is ten” as supplementary information?
Medium A My brother who, is ten plays chess.B My brother who is ten, plays chess.C My, brother who is ten plays chess.D My brother, who is ten, plays chess.15. Which is the correct possessive?
Medium A the boss office'sB the boss office (showing possession)C the boss's officeD the bosses office16. Which sentence needs an apostrophe?
Medium A Many dogs lived there.B The dogs bowl was empty (one dog).C The dogs barked loudly.D Dogs bark.17. Which shows correct use of 'it's'?
Medium A It's raining, so take an umbrella.B The cat licked it's paw.C Its a lovely day.D The tree lost it's leaves.18. In “I thought I could trust you...”, what might the ellipsis suggest?
Medium A a listB a questionC possessionD trailing off or suspense19. Which sentence is punctuated correctly?
Medium A "Where are you going"? asked Dad.B Where are you going? asked Dad.C "Where are you going?" asked Dad.D "Where are you going." asked Dad.20. Which correctly sets off both the opening clause and the supplementary clause “which had been open all day”?
Medium A When we arrived the shop, which had been open all day was closing.B When we arrived, the shop, which had been open all day, was closing.C When we arrived the shop which had been open all day was closing.D When we arrived, the shop which had been open, all day was closing.21. Which is a correct use of a dash?
Medium A The result — a shock to everyone — was announced.B The result—a shock—to everyone was announced.C The result a shock to everyone — was.D The — result.22. Which sentence has a comma splice?
Medium A I like tea, but my sister prefers coffee.B I like tea; my sister prefers coffee.C I like tea. My sister prefers coffee.D I like tea, my sister prefers coffee.23. 'The cats' bowls' shows:
Easy A a contractionB a questionC plural possessionD singular possession24. Which needs capital letters?
Easy A no wordsB proper nouns like LondonC all nounsD all verbs25. Which is the correct plural?
Medium A applesB apple'sC apples'D apple s26. Which version is punctuated best?
Medium A Although it was late we, kept working.B Although, it was late we kept working.C Although it was late we kept, working.D Although it was late, we kept working.27. A sentence starts with a capital letter.
Easy True or false?
28. 'Its' meaning belonging to it has no apostrophe.
Easy True or false?
29. Ordinary plurals such as “apples” need an apostrophe.
Easy True or false?
30. A comma splice joins two main clauses with only a comma.
Easy True or false?
31. A colon can introduce a list.
Medium True or false?
32. Which are correct uses of an apostrophe?
Medium A don'tB the dog's boneC the girls' coatsD apple's for saleE it's (its) tail33. Which changes can repair “It was cold, we put on coats” as two linked statements?
Medium A Replace the comma with a full stop and capitalise “we”.B Replace the comma with a semicolon.C Add “so” after the comma.D Add another comma after “we”.E Replace the comma with a question mark while keeping both clauses as statements.34. Correct the punctuation: 'its raining so the childrens game was cancelled the teacher said we can play tomorrow'
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