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Automated Systems

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先生の方へ： Automated Systems（Computer Science、CIE）向けのすぐ使えるレッスンスライド, 復習ノート — レッスンで使うか、生徒がライブゲームとして遊ぶインタラクティブなクラス活動としてトピックを実施できます。

レッスンノート

Definition and Components

  • An automated system is a computer system that collects information and can react and perform tasks based on the data.
  • Three core components: sensors, microprocessor, and actuators.
  • A sensor collects information and provides it as input to the microprocessor.
  • The microprocessor processes the information and makes decisions based on pre-programmed rules.
  • An actuator makes physical changes (e.g., opening a valve, activating an alarm) based on instructions from the microprocessor.

Advantages of Automated Systems

  • Cost – long-term cost saving due to reduced labour and increased efficiency.
  • Safer – enables timely interventions and keeps humans away from hazardous environments.
  • Efficient – optimises use of materials and resources.
  • Consistent – results are repeatable and reliable.

Disadvantages of Automated Systems

  • Cost – short-term expensive to set up and maintain.
  • Testing – significant testing must be done before deployment.
  • Security – open to cyber attacks.
  • Flexibility – will only react to programmed scenarios; cannot handle unexpected situations.
  • Unethical – can result in major job losses.

Applications in Different Scenarios

  • Industry – increased production and improved quality control, but high investment costs and job losses.
  • Transport – fewer accidents and traffic congestion, but drivers lose jobs and technology reliability is a concern.
  • Agriculture – less manual labour, increased crop yield and resource management, but high start-up costs.
  • Weather – accurate forecasting and improved early warning systems, but dependence on accurate sensor data.
  • Gaming – personalised experience and AI-enhanced opponents, but reduced creativity and repetitive gameplay.
  • Lighting – increased energy efficiency and better security with motion-activated systems, but lack of human control.
  • Science – faster and more precise experiments with reduced human error, but high development costs and potential algorithm bias.

Worked Example: Theme Park Water Spray Game

  • A motion sensor collects data when a player runs past.
  • Data is converted to digital using an ADC (analogue-to-digital converter).
  • The sensor sends data to the microprocessor.
  • The microprocessor compares the data to stored values.
  • If the value is outside a preset range, a signal is sent to the actuator to spray water.
  • If the value is within range, no action is taken.
  • The process runs in a continuous loop.

スライド

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練習問題

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  1. 1.What are the three main components of an automated system?

    Easy
    • ASensors, microprocessors, actuators
    • BSensors, processors, motors
    • CInput, output, storage
    • DHardware, software, firmware

  2. 2.Which component in an automated system collects information from the environment?

    Easy
    • ASensor
    • BMicroprocessor
    • CActuator
    • DMemory

  3. 3.What is the role of the actuator in an automated system?

    Easy
    • ATo make physical changes based on instructions from the microprocessor
    • BTo collect data from the environment
    • CTo process data and make decisions
    • DTo store pre-programmed rules

  4. 4.Which of the following is an advantage of using automated systems in industry?

    Easy
    • AIncreased production
    • BHigh investment costs
    • CJob losses
    • DReduced flexibility

  5. 5.Which of the following is a disadvantage of automated systems in agriculture?

    Easy
    • AHigh start-up costs for equipment and sensors
    • BLess manual labour
    • CIncreased crop yield
    • DImproved resource management

  6. 6.In the theme park game described, what happens when the sensor data is outside the stored range?

    Medium
    • AWater is sprayed
    • BNo action is taken
    • CThe game ends
    • DThe microprocessor resets

  7. 7.Which of the following is an advantage of automated systems in transport?

    Easy
    • ALess accidents and traffic congestion
    • BTransportation drivers lose jobs
    • CHigh investment costs
    • DTechnology reliability issues

  8. 8.What is a disadvantage of automated systems in science?

    Easy
    • APotential for algorithm bias
    • BFaster and more precise results
    • CReduced risk of human error
    • DHigh cost development and maintenance

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