One Art – Elizabeth Bishop

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レッスンノート

The poem at a glance

"One Art" (1976) by American poet Elizabeth Bishop (1911–1979), from her last collection,×Geography III×.
A villanelle about loss: the speaker insists that "the art of losing isn't hard to master" — and lists losses that grow from trivial to devastating.
The final loss is a beloved person, "you"; the speaker's control cracks as she forces herself to "(Write it!)".
Key ideas: loss and grief, self-control and denial, irony, the consolation (and limits) of art.

Context

Bishop's father died when she was a baby; her mother was committed to a psychiatric hospital when Bishop was five, and she never saw her again.
She lived for years in Brazil with her partner, Lota de Macedo Soares, who died in 1967; she moved between homes and countries all her life.
The poem is thought to have been written after a crisis in a later relationship.
Bishop was known for restraint: she rarely wrote openly about her own pain — which makes this poem's cracks more powerful.
Knowing the context is helpful, but the poem works through its form and tone.

The villanelle form

A villanelle has 19 lines: five tercets and a final quatrain, on only two rhymes (-aster and -ent).
Two refrains repeat: "The art of losing isn't hard to master" (A1) and a line ending "disaster" (A2).
The strict form is like the speaker's self-discipline: rules that hold grief in check.
Bishop varies the refrains slightly each time — and in the last stanza the form almost breaks, as the feeling almost breaks through.

An escalating list of losses

Stanza 2: everyday losses — door keys, the hour badly spent. "Accept the fluster": the tone is light, advising.
Stanza 3: "practise losing farther, losing faster" — places, and names, and plans for travel.
Stanza 4: my mother's watch, and three loved houses — now personal and precious.
Stanza 5: two cities, "some realms I owned", two rivers, a continent — losses grow to vast, almost comic scale.
The escalation prepares for the last loss — a person — which the speaker cannot quite treat as "no disaster".

The final stanza

"—Even losing you (the joking voice, a gesture / I love)": the dash and brackets interrupt; the specific memories of the loved one slip in.
"I shan't have lied" — she clings to her claim, but it sounds defensive.
The refrain returns softened: the art of losing's "not too hard to master" — a small but telling retreat.
"though it may look like (Write it!) like disaster": the stammering repetition of "like" and the self-command in brackets show her forcing the word out — writing is how she survives the loss.
The ending is ironic: the poem says loss is no disaster while proving that it is.

Tone and methods

Tone moves from breezy, ironic advice to strained, painful control.
Imperatives ("Lose something every day", "practise", "Write it!") — the speaker instructs the reader and herself.
Understatement: "isn't hard to master", "no disaster" — saying less than she feels.
Parentheses and dashes let true feeling break in.
Hyperbole: losing "a continent" — mock-grand, yet also literally true of a life moved across countries.
Comparisons: "Because I Could Not Stop for Death" (calm voice, huge subject), "Tears, Idle Tears" (grief for what is gone), "The Trees are Down".

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練習問題

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1.Who wrote 'One Art'?
Easy
- AElizabeth Bishop
- BEmily Dickinson
- CFleur Adcock
- DSylvia Plath
2.What form is 'One Art'?
Easy
- AA sonnet
- BA ballad
- CFree verse
- DA villanelle
3.What is the main subject of the poem?
Easy
- AChildhood games
- BNature
- CLoss
- DTravel
4.What is the first refrain?
Easy
- AWrite it!
- BThe art of losing isn't hard to master
- CDo not go gentle into that good night
- DLose something every day
5.Which word ends the second refrain line each time?
Medium
- Adisaster
- Bmaster
- Cintent
- Dspent
6.Which is an everyday loss from stanza 2?
Medium
- AA continent
- BMy mother's watch
- CTwo rivers
- DDoor keys
7.Which personal object does the speaker lose in stanza 4?
Medium
- AA diary
- BA photograph
- CHer mother's watch
- DHer father's ring
8.How many 'loved houses' has the speaker lost?
Medium
- AFive
- BThree
- CTwo
- DOne

もっと問題

9.What is the effect of listing ever-larger losses (cities, rivers, a continent)?
Medium
- AThe losses escalate, preparing for the greatest loss — a person
- BIt shows the speaker is a geographer
- CIt makes the poem a travel guide
- DIt reduces tension
10.What is the effect of '(Write it!)' in the last line?
Medium
- AIt is a note to the printer
- BIt tells the reader to write a poem
- CIt shows she has lost her pen
- DIt shows the speaker forcing herself to name the loss as disaster
11.How does the refrain change in the final stanza?
Medium
- AIt becomes 'very hard'
- BIt is sung
- C'isn't hard' becomes 'not too hard', a small retreat
- DIt disappears completely
12.What does '(the joking voice, a gesture / I love)' add?
Medium
- AA list of possessions
- BSpecific, tender memories of the lost person break through
- CA joke to lighten the ending
- DA description of the reader
13.Why might Bishop use the strict villanelle form for this subject?
Medium
- AIts rules mirror the speaker's effort to control her grief
- BIt is the easiest form
- CVillanelles must be about travel
- DIt avoids any repetition
14.Why is the poem's central claim ironic?
Medium
- AIt is about finding things
- BThe speaker never loses anything
- CIt praises forgetfulness sincerely
- DIt says loss is no disaster, but the ending shows it is
15.Which technique is 'Lose something every day'?
Medium
- AOnomatopoeia
- BA rhetorical question
- CAn imperative
- DA simile
16.What does the stammer 'like (Write it!) like disaster' suggest?
Medium
- AAnger at the reader
- BDifficulty speaking the truth about her feelings
- CA printing error
- DA childlike rhyme
17.Which losses are mentioned? (select all that apply)
Medium
- AThree loved houses
- BA continent
- CA pet dog
- DA wedding ring
- EDoor keys
18.Which features of the villanelle does 'One Art' use? (select all that apply)
Medium
- AOnly two rhyme sounds
- BFourteen lines
- CNo rhyme
- D19 lines
- ETwo refrains
19.Which methods let emotion break through the controlled surface? (select all that apply)
Medium
- APerfectly regular refrains
- BCheerful exclamations about keys
- CParentheses
- DDashes
- EThe self-command 'Write it!'
20.The losses in the poem grow larger as it goes on.
Easy
True or false?
21.The poem ends with the speaker admitting that loss can look like disaster.
Easy
True or false?
22.A villanelle has fourteen lines.
Easy
True or false?
23.The tone is equally calm from beginning to end.
Medium
True or false?
24.Bishop lived for many years in Brazil.
Medium
True or false?
25.The final loss addressed is 'you', a loved person.
Medium
True or false?
26.The poem sincerely proves that loss never hurts.
Medium
True or false?
27.Match each stanza to its loss.
Medium
- Stanza 2
- Stanza 4
- Stanza 5
- Stanza 6
- Door keys
- Mother's watch and three houses
- Two cities, two rivers, a continent
- You
28.Match each device to its example.
Medium
- Refrain
- Imperative
- Parenthesis
- Hyperbole
- The art of losing isn't hard to master
- Lose something every day
- (Write it!)
- a continent
29.Put the losses in the order they appear.
Medium
- A continent
- Door keys
- Mother's watch
- You
30.Order how the tone develops.
Medium
- Strained, painful admission
- Light, ironic advice
- Growing scale and seriousness
31.Complete the refrain.
Easy
The art of ____ isn't hard to master.
32.Complete the sentence.
Medium
A villanelle has ____ lines and two refrains.
33.Complete the final phrase.
Medium
though it may look like (Write it!) like ____.
34.Which country did Bishop live in for many years?
Easy
35.What is the term for a three-line stanza, used five times in a villanelle?
Medium
36.Explain how Bishop uses the villanelle form in 'One Art'.
Medium
37.Explore how the final stanza of 'One Art' changes the meaning of the poem.
Hard

復習ノート

## Overview - Elizabeth Bishop, **1976** (*Geography III*). A **villanelle** (19 lines, 5 tercets + quatrain, two rhymes, **two refrains**). ## Losses (escalation) - Door keys, the hour badly spent → places, names → **mother's watch**, **three loved houses** → **two cities**, realms, **two rivers, a continent** → **you**. ## Final stanza - "Even losing you (the joking voice, a gesture / I love)"; "I shan't have lied"; refrain softens to "**not too hard**"; "like (**Write it!**) like **disaster**". ## Methods - Imperatives; understatement; parentheses and dashes; hyperbole; refrains that vary; **irony** — the poem disproves its claim. ## Context - Parents lost young; many homes; years in **Brazil**; famous restraint.

Villanelle: A 19-line form with two refrains and two rhymes.
Refrain: A repeated line.
Tercet: A three-line stanza.
Imperative: A command: 'Lose something every day.'
Understatement: Saying less than is meant: 'no disaster'.
Hyperbole: Deliberate exaggeration: losing 'a continent'.
Parenthesis: Words in brackets that interrupt the main sentence.
Irony: A gap between what is said and what is meant.

フラッシュカード

Author and date of 'One Art'?

Elizabeth Bishop, 1976.

Form?

Villanelle: 19 lines, two refrains, two rhymes.

First refrain?

'The art of losing isn't hard to master'.

Losses in order?

Keys → places/names → mother's watch, three houses → cities, rivers, a continent → you.

How does the refrain change at the end?

'isn't hard' becomes 'not too hard'.

Last line?

'though it may look like (Write it!) like disaster.'

What does '(Write it!)' show?

The speaker forcing herself to admit the loss is a disaster.

Central irony?

The poem claims loss is easy but shows it is devastating.

Relevant context?

Bishop lost her parents young, lived in Brazil, moved homes often.

What do the parentheses in the final stanza do?

Let tender, specific memories of 'you' break through.

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