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Automated Systems

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선생님을 위해: Automated Systems(Computer Science, CIE)을(를) 위한 바로 쓸 수 있는 수업 슬라이드, 복습 노트 — 수업에 사용하거나, 학생들이 실시간 게임으로 즐기는 인터랙티브 클래스 활동으로 진행하세요.

수업 노트

Definition and Components

  • An automated system is a computer system that collects information and can react and perform tasks based on the data.
  • Three core components: sensors, microprocessor, and actuators.
  • A sensor collects information and provides it as input to the microprocessor.
  • The microprocessor processes the information and makes decisions based on pre-programmed rules.
  • An actuator makes physical changes (e.g., opening a valve, activating an alarm) based on instructions from the microprocessor.

Advantages of Automated Systems

  • Cost – long-term cost saving due to reduced labour and increased efficiency.
  • Safer – enables timely interventions and keeps humans away from hazardous environments.
  • Efficient – optimises use of materials and resources.
  • Consistent – results are repeatable and reliable.

Disadvantages of Automated Systems

  • Cost – short-term expensive to set up and maintain.
  • Testing – significant testing must be done before deployment.
  • Security – open to cyber attacks.
  • Flexibility – will only react to programmed scenarios; cannot handle unexpected situations.
  • Unethical – can result in major job losses.

Applications in Different Scenarios

  • Industry – increased production and improved quality control, but high investment costs and job losses.
  • Transport – fewer accidents and traffic congestion, but drivers lose jobs and technology reliability is a concern.
  • Agriculture – less manual labour, increased crop yield and resource management, but high start-up costs.
  • Weather – accurate forecasting and improved early warning systems, but dependence on accurate sensor data.
  • Gaming – personalised experience and AI-enhanced opponents, but reduced creativity and repetitive gameplay.
  • Lighting – increased energy efficiency and better security with motion-activated systems, but lack of human control.
  • Science – faster and more precise experiments with reduced human error, but high development costs and potential algorithm bias.

Worked Example: Theme Park Water Spray Game

  • A motion sensor collects data when a player runs past.
  • Data is converted to digital using an ADC (analogue-to-digital converter).
  • The sensor sends data to the microprocessor.
  • The microprocessor compares the data to stored values.
  • If the value is outside a preset range, a signal is sent to the actuator to spray water.
  • If the value is within range, no action is taken.
  • The process runs in a continuous loop.

슬라이드

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연습 문제

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  1. 1.What are the three main components of an automated system?

    Easy
    • ASensors, microprocessors, actuators
    • BSensors, processors, motors
    • CInput, output, storage
    • DHardware, software, firmware

  2. 2.Which component in an automated system collects information from the environment?

    Easy
    • ASensor
    • BMicroprocessor
    • CActuator
    • DMemory

  3. 3.What is the role of the actuator in an automated system?

    Easy
    • ATo make physical changes based on instructions from the microprocessor
    • BTo collect data from the environment
    • CTo process data and make decisions
    • DTo store pre-programmed rules

  4. 4.Which of the following is an advantage of using automated systems in industry?

    Easy
    • AIncreased production
    • BHigh investment costs
    • CJob losses
    • DReduced flexibility

  5. 5.Which of the following is a disadvantage of automated systems in agriculture?

    Easy
    • AHigh start-up costs for equipment and sensors
    • BLess manual labour
    • CIncreased crop yield
    • DImproved resource management

  6. 6.In the theme park game described, what happens when the sensor data is outside the stored range?

    Medium
    • AWater is sprayed
    • BNo action is taken
    • CThe game ends
    • DThe microprocessor resets

  7. 7.Which of the following is an advantage of automated systems in transport?

    Easy
    • ALess accidents and traffic congestion
    • BTransportation drivers lose jobs
    • CHigh investment costs
    • DTechnology reliability issues

  8. 8.What is a disadvantage of automated systems in science?

    Easy
    • APotential for algorithm bias
    • BFaster and more precise results
    • CReduced risk of human error
    • DHigh cost development and maintenance

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