Parenthesis: brackets, dashes and commas

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수업 노트

What is Parenthesis?

Parenthesis is extra information added to a sentence.
You can lift it out and the sentence still makes sense.
Example: 'My dog (a golden retriever) loves to play.' The words in brackets are the parenthesis.
Parenthesis can be marked with brackets, dashes, or commas.
The marks always come in pairs – one at the start and one at the end.

Using Brackets ( )

Brackets (also called parentheses) look like this: ( ).
Use brackets for an aside – a comment that is not the main point.
Example: 'The school trip (which was fun) ended early.'
Brackets can add extra facts, like 'The Eiffel Tower (in Paris) is tall.'
They are good for adding a quick note without breaking the flow.

Using Dashes – –

Dashes are long lines: – – (one before and one after).
Use dashes for emphasis or to show a sudden interruption.
Example: 'The cake – my favourite – was gone.'
Dashes make the extra information stand out more than brackets.
They can show surprise or a strong feeling.

Using Commas , ,

Commas are small curved marks: ,
Use commas for a gentler addition to the sentence.
Example: 'My sister, who is older, helps me with homework.'
Commas are less noticeable than brackets or dashes.
They are good for extra information that fits smoothly.

Choosing the Right Mark

Brackets are for asides – extra facts or comments.
Dashes are for emphasis or interruptions – to make something stand out.
Commas are for gentle additions – they blend in.
Think about how important the extra information is.
If you want it to be noticed, use dashes. If it's just a side note, use brackets or commas.

Testing a Sentence

To check if you used parenthesis correctly, remove it from the sentence.
The sentence should still be complete and make sense.
Example: 'The cat (with white paws) slept.' Remove the brackets: 'The cat slept.' – still good!
If the sentence breaks without the parenthesis, it's not a parenthesis.
Always use a pair of marks – one at the start and one at the end.

Remember!

Parenthesis adds extra information – it's not essential.
Use brackets, dashes, or commas in pairs.
Choose brackets for asides, dashes for emphasis, commas for gentle additions.
Test by removing the parenthesis – the sentence must still make sense.
Practice with your own sentences to get better!

슬라이드

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연습 문제

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1.What is the name for the extra information that can be added to a sentence using brackets, dashes, or commas?
Easy
- AParenthesis
- BPunctuation
- CA clause
- DA phrase
2.Which punctuation marks are used to show parenthesis?
Easy
- ABrackets, dashes, and commas
- BFull stops, question marks, and exclamation marks
- CApostrophes, hyphens, and colons
- DSemicolons, colons, and ellipses
3.Parenthesis marks must always come in pairs.
Easy
True or false?
4.Which sentence uses brackets to show parenthesis?
Easy
- AMy brother (the one with red hair) is coming to dinner.
- BMy brother, the one with red hair, is coming to dinner.
- CMy brother – the one with red hair – is coming to dinner.
- DMy brother the one with red hair is coming to dinner.
5.Which sentence uses dashes to show parenthesis?
Easy
- AThe cat – a fluffy ginger – slept all day.
- BThe cat (a fluffy ginger) slept all day.
- CThe cat, a fluffy ginger, slept all day.
- DThe cat a fluffy ginger slept all day.
6.Which sentence uses commas to show parenthesis?
Easy
- AMy teacher, Mrs. Green, is very kind.
- BMy teacher (Mrs. Green) is very kind.
- CMy teacher – Mrs. Green – is very kind.
- DMy teacher Mrs. Green is very kind.
7.Which of these sentences correctly use parenthesis? (Select all that apply)
Easy
- AThe school trip – to the museum – was cancelled.
- BThe school trip to the museum was cancelled.
- CThe school trip (to the museum) was cancelled.
- DThe school trip, to the museum, was cancelled.
8.In the sentence 'The train – which was delayed – finally arrived.', the parenthesis is 'which was delayed'.
Easy
True or false?

더 많은 문제

9.Which sentence has the parenthesis correctly removed?
Medium
- AOriginal: The cake (which was chocolate) was delicious. Removed: The cake was delicious.
- BOriginal: The cake (which was chocolate) was delicious. Removed: The cake which was chocolate was delicious.
- COriginal: The cake (which was chocolate) was delicious. Removed: The cake was chocolate delicious.
- DOriginal: The cake (which was chocolate) was delicious. Removed: The cake was delicious chocolate.
10.In the sentence 'My sister, who lives in London, is visiting us.', the parenthesis is 'who lives in London'.
Medium
True or false?
11.Which sentence uses brackets to add a short explanation?
Medium
- AThe Eiffel Tower (in Paris) is very tall.
- BThe Eiffel Tower – in Paris – is very tall.
- CThe Eiffel Tower, in Paris, is very tall.
- DThe Eiffel Tower in Paris is very tall.
12.Why might a writer choose to use dashes instead of brackets for a parenthesis?
Medium
- ATo make the extra information stand out or show a sudden interruption
- BTo make the sentence shorter
- CTo show that the information is not important
- DTo make the sentence easier to read
13.Which sentence uses commas for parenthesis correctly?
Medium
- AThe book, which I borrowed from the library, was very interesting.
- BThe book, which I borrowed from the library was very interesting.
- CThe book which I borrowed from the library, was very interesting.
- DThe book which I borrowed, from the library, was very interesting.
14.In the sentence 'My best friend – we call him Sam – is very funny.', the parenthesis is 'we call him Sam'.
Medium
True or false?
15.Which sentence uses dashes to show a sudden interruption?
Medium
- AI was going to – oh, never mind – it doesn't matter.
- BI was going to (oh, never mind) it doesn't matter.
- CI was going to, oh, never mind, it doesn't matter.
- DI was going to oh, never mind it doesn't matter.
16.In the sentence 'The recipe (which I found online) was easy to follow.', what is the parenthesis?
Medium
- Awhich I found online
- BThe recipe
- Cwas easy to follow
- DThe recipe was easy to follow
17.In the sentence 'The bus – which was late – finally arrived.', the parenthesis is 'which was late'.
Medium
True or false?
18.Which sentence uses commas to add a gentle addition?
Hard
- AMy uncle, a keen gardener, grows tomatoes.
- BMy uncle (a keen gardener) grows tomatoes.
- CMy uncle – a keen gardener – grows tomatoes.
- DMy uncle a keen gardener grows tomatoes.
19.Which sentence correctly uses a pair of dashes to show parenthesis?
Hard
- AThe winner – a girl from our class – got a prize.
- BThe winner – a girl from our class got a prize.
- CThe winner a girl from our class – got a prize.
- DThe winner a girl from our class got a prize.
20.In the sentence 'The film (which I saw last night) was amazing.', the parenthesis is 'which I saw last night'.
Hard
True or false?
21.Match each pair of punctuation marks to its common name.
Easy
- ( )
- [ ]
- { }
- round brackets
- square brackets
- curly brackets
22.Put these steps in the correct order to check if a sentence has parenthesis correctly.
Medium
- Identify the extra information that could be removed.
- Remove the extra information.
- Check the sentence still makes sense.
23.Which of these sentences correctly use a pair of dashes to show parenthesis? (Select all that apply)
Medium
- AThe dog – who was very noisy – kept barking all night.
- BThe dog – who was very noisy kept barking all night.
- CMy brother – he is older than me – helped with my homework.
- DMy brother – he is older than me helped with my homework.
24.Brackets, dashes, and commas can all be used to show parenthesis.
Easy
True or false?
25.Which sentence uses brackets correctly to show parenthesis?
Medium
- AThe cake (which I baked yesterday) was delicious.
- BThe cake (which I baked yesterday was delicious.
- CThe cake which I baked yesterday) was delicious.
- DThe cake (which I baked yesterday was delicious).
26.In the sentence 'The teacher (who was very strict) gave us homework.', what is the parenthesis?
Medium
- AThe teacher
- Bwho was very strict
- Cgave us homework
- DThe teacher gave us homework
27.Which of these sentences correctly use commas to show parenthesis? (Select all that apply)
Medium
- AMy dog, a golden retriever, loves to play fetch.
- BMy dog a golden retriever, loves to play fetch.
- CThe park, which is near my house, is very big.
- DThe park which is near my house, is very big.
28.Choose the correct punctuation to show parenthesis in this sentence: 'The movie (which we saw last night) was exciting.' Which type of punctuation mark is used?
Easy
- ABrackets
- BDashes
- CCommas
- DFull stops
29.Which sentence correctly uses a pair of commas to show parenthesis?
Medium
- AMy dog, a golden retriever, loves to play fetch.
- BMy dog a golden retriever, loves to play fetch.
- CMy dog, a golden retriever loves to play fetch.
- DMy dog, a golden retriever, loves to play, fetch.
30.Choose the correct punctuation to show parenthesis in this sentence: 'The teacher (who was very strict) gave us homework.' Which type of punctuation mark is used?
Medium
- ABrackets
- BDashes
- CCommas
- DSemicolons
31.Which of these sentences correctly use a pair of commas to show parenthesis? (Select all that apply)
Medium
- AMy brother, who is older than me, is taller.
- BThe car, that was parked outside, was red.
- CThe sun, shining brightly, warmed the beach.
- DThe dog, barked loudly, at the mailman.
32.Commas can be used to show parenthesis.
Easy
True or false?
33.When you remove a parenthesis from a sentence, the sentence should no longer make sense.
Easy
True or false?
34.Read this sentence: 'The dog (which was barking loudly) ran away.' What is the parenthesis in this sentence?
Easy
- Athe dog
- Bwhich was barking loudly
- Cran away
- Dthe dog ran away
35.Read this sentence: 'The football match – which was very exciting – ended in a draw.' Which part of the sentence is the parenthesis?
Medium
- AThe football match
- Bwhich was very exciting
- Cended in a draw
- DThe football match ended
36.In the sentence 'The cake, which was chocolate, was delicious.', the parenthesis is 'which was chocolate'.
Easy
True or false?
37.Read this sentence: 'My brother (who is older than me) helps me with my homework.' What is the effect of using brackets for the parenthesis in this sentence?
Medium
- AIt makes the sentence sound more formal.
- BIt makes the extra information seem like an aside or a quick note.
- CIt makes the extra information the most important part of the sentence.
- DIt makes the sentence longer and more complicated.
38.In the sentence 'The teacher – who was very strict – gave us homework.', the dashes make the parenthesis stand out more than commas would.
Medium
True or false?
39.Read this sentence: 'The sun (which was shining brightly) warmed the beach.' Which word in the parenthesis is a verb?
Medium
- Asun
- Bwhich
- Cshining
- Dbrightly
40.Read this sentence: 'The cat – which was very fluffy – sat on the mat.' Which of the following statements are true? (Select all that apply)
Medium
- AThe parenthesis is 'which was very fluffy'.
- BThe dashes could be replaced with commas.
- CThe dashes could be replaced with brackets.
- DThe parenthesis is 'sat on the mat'.
- EThe sentence does not make sense without the parenthesis.
41.Complete the sentence with the correct punctuation marks to show parenthesis.
Easy
The dog ____ a golden retriever ____ barked loudly.
42.What do we call the punctuation marks ( ) ?
Medium
43.What is the term for the entire bracketed text, not just the marks? For example, in 'Mrs. Pennyfarthing (What? Yes, that was her name!) was my landlady.', the text 'What? Yes, that was her name!' is called a ________.
Medium
44.Choose the correct punctuation to show parenthesis in this sentence. Write the marks in order.
Hard
My cousin ____ who lives in Canada ____ is visiting us.
45.What is the term for the punctuation marks ( ) in British English?
Hard
46.Complete the sentence with the correct punctuation to show parenthesis. Use the same type of mark for both blanks.
Hard
The concert ____ which was sold out ____ was fantastic.
47.Fill in the blanks with the correct punctuation marks to show parenthesis. Use the same type of mark for both blanks.
Easy
My sister ____ who lives in London ____ is visiting us.
48.What is the name for the entire bracketed text in a sentence, not just the punctuation marks? For example, in 'The film (which I saw last night) was amazing.', the words 'which I saw last night' are called a ______.
Medium
49.What is the name for the extra information that can be removed from a sentence without changing its core meaning?
Easy
50.In the sentence 'The dog (which was barking loudly) ran away.', what is the parenthesis? Write the exact words of the parenthesis.
Easy
51.Rewrite the sentence 'The cake (which was chocolate) was delicious.' using dashes instead of brackets. Write the whole new sentence.
Medium
52.Explain why it is important to use a pair of marks for parenthesis, and give an example of what happens if you only use one.
Challenge
53.When would you choose to use commas instead of brackets or dashes for a parenthesis? Give an example.
Challenge
54.Read this sentence: 'The teacher (who was very strict) gave us homework.' Rewrite the sentence using dashes instead of brackets, and explain how the meaning or effect changes.
Challenge
55.Read this sentence: 'The teacher (who was very strict) gave us homework.' Rewrite the sentence using dashes instead of brackets, and explain how the meaning or tone changes, if at all.
Hard
56.Read this sentence: 'The museum (which was very old) had many interesting exhibits.' Why might a writer choose brackets instead of dashes or commas for the parenthesis in this sentence? Explain your answer.
Medium

복습 노트

## Parenthesis: brackets, dashes and commas Parenthesis is extra information you drop into a sentence. You can take it out and the sentence still makes sense. For example: > My dog (a golden retriever) loves to play. If you remove the words in brackets, you get: "My dog loves to play." That's still a good sentence. ### The three ways to mark parenthesis 1. **Brackets** ( ) – for an aside (a quick extra comment). 2. **Dashes** – – for emphasis or an interruption. 3. **Commas** , , – for a gentler addition. Always use a pair – one at the start and one at the end. The marks must match. ### Choosing which to use - **Brackets** are for extra info that is not the main point. Example: *The school trip (to the zoo) was fun.* - **Dashes** make the extra info stand out. Example: *The school trip – to the zoo! – was fun.* - **Commas** are softer. Example: *The school trip, to the zoo, was fun.* ### How to check Read the sentence without the parenthesis. If it still makes sense, you've used it correctly. ### Remember - Parenthesis can be a word, a phrase, or even a whole sentence. - The marks always come in pairs. - Don't overuse them – they are for extra info, not main ideas. Now you're ready for the test!

Parenthesis: Extra information added to a sentence that can be removed and the sentence still makes sense. It is marked with brackets, dashes, or commas.
Brackets: Punctuation marks ( ) used to enclose a parenthesis. They are also called round brackets or parentheses.
Dashes: Punctuation marks – – used to enclose a parenthesis, often for emphasis or to show an interruption.
Commas: Punctuation marks , , used to enclose a parenthesis, often for a gentler addition.
Pair: Two matching punctuation marks – one opening and one closing – used to enclose a parenthesis.

플래시카드

What is parenthesis?

Parenthesis is extra information in a sentence that can be removed and the sentence still makes sense.

What are the three ways to mark parenthesis?

You can use brackets ( ), dashes – –, or commas , ,.

Why do the marks for parenthesis come in pairs?

Because they show where the extra information starts and ends, so you need both an opening and a closing mark.

When should you use brackets for parenthesis?

Use brackets when the extra information is an aside or a comment that is not the main point.

When should you use dashes for parenthesis?

Use dashes when you want to emphasize the extra information or show an interruption.

When should you use commas for parenthesis?

Use commas when the extra information is a gentle addition that fits smoothly into the sentence.

How can you test if a sentence has correct parenthesis?

Remove the parenthesis and check that the sentence still makes sense.

What do brackets look like?

Brackets are curved marks: ( ). They are also called parentheses.

What do dashes look like?

Dashes are long horizontal lines: – –. They are used in pairs.

What do commas look like?

Commas are small curved marks: , ,. They are used in pairs.

Give an example of parenthesis with brackets.

My dog (a golden retriever) loves to play fetch.

Give an example of parenthesis with dashes.

My dog – a golden retriever – loves to play fetch.

Give an example of parenthesis with commas.

My dog, a golden retriever, loves to play fetch.

What is the difference between brackets and dashes?

Brackets are for asides, dashes are for emphasis or interruption.

What is the difference between dashes and commas?

Dashes are stronger and more noticeable, commas are gentler and smoother.

Can you use parenthesis in the middle of a sentence?

Yes, parenthesis can be in the middle or at the end of a sentence.

What happens if you remove the parenthesis from a sentence?

The sentence should still be complete and make sense.

Why is it important to use parenthesis correctly?

It helps the reader understand which information is extra and keeps the sentence clear.

What is an aside?

An aside is a comment that is not the main point, like a quick note to the reader.

What does 'emphasis' mean?

Emphasis means giving extra importance or attention to something.

What does 'interruption' mean?

An interruption is when something breaks the flow of the sentence, like a sudden thought.

Can you use parenthesis in formal writing?

Yes, but it's better to use brackets or commas in formal writing, not dashes.

What is the rule for using commas with parenthesis?

Use a comma before and after the parenthesis, but only if the sentence doesn't already have many commas.

What is the rule for using dashes with parenthesis?

Use a dash before and after the parenthesis, but don't overuse them.

What is the rule for using brackets with parenthesis?

Use brackets to set off the parenthesis, and make sure they are in pairs.

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