Pollination

9.The carpel consists of which three parts?

10.Why is cross-pollination beneficial compared to self-pollination?

11.Which part of the flower contains female sex cells?

12.A plant species has large, brightly coloured petals and produces nectar. Which type of pollination is most likely to occur for this plant?

13.In an experiment, a student counts the number of pollen grains on the stigmas of flowers from two groups: group A flowers are exposed to insects, group B flowers are covered with a fine mesh that allows air but not insects to pass. Which result would suggest that insects are important for pollination?

14.A farmer grows two varieties of apple trees in an orchard. Variety X produces large amounts of pollen, and variety Y produces small amounts of sticky pollen. Which variety is more likely to rely on wind pollination?

15.The diagram shows a flower with parts labelled A, B, C, D. Which labelled part is the stigma?

16.Which of the following is the female part of a flower?

17.A student observes that a particular flower has no petals and produces large amounts of pollen that is easily blown by the wind. Which statement about this flower is most likely true?

18.In a species of plant, self-pollination always results in offspring that are genetically identical to the parent. Cross-pollination introduces genetic variation. Which of the following is an advantage of cross-pollination?

19.Which part of the flower attracts pollinators such as bees?

20.The table shows the number of pollen grains found on stigmas of flowers from two populations of the same species. Population A is in a windy field, population B is in a forest. Which conclusion is best supported by the data?

21.A student sets up an experiment: 10 flowers are left uncovered, 10 are covered with a bag that prevents any contact. After 24 hours, the number of pollen grains on each stigma is counted. The uncovered flowers have an average of 50 pollen grains, the covered flowers have an average of 2 pollen grains. What can be concluded?

22.Which of the following is a male sex cell in plants?

23.In a flower, the structure that connects the stigma to the ovary is called the:

24.A student sets up an experiment to investigate which type of pollinator visits a particular flower species. They observe the flowers for 30 minutes and record the number of visits by bees, butterflies, and other insects. They also count the number of pollen grains on the stigmas of the flowers after the observation period. Which of the following conclusions can be drawn from the data?

25.In an investigation, a student places bags over flowers of a plant species to prevent insect visits. They compare seed set (number of seeds produced) between bagged flowers and unbagged flowers. The bagged flowers produce no seeds, while unbagged flowers produce seeds. What can be concluded?

26.A student collects pollen from a flower and places it on a microscope slide. They add a drop of water and observe the pollen grains under a microscope. After 10 minutes, they notice that some pollen grains have started to grow a tube. What is the most likely explanation for this observation?

27.A researcher studies two populations of the same plant species. Population X grows in a windy, open field; population Y grows in a dense forest. The researcher measures the amount of pollen produced per flower and the size of petals. Which of the following is most likely to be observed?

28.Which part of the flower is sticky to capture pollen?

29.A student examines a flower and observes that the anthers are positioned above the stigma. What type of pollination is this flower most likely adapted for?

30.In an experiment, a student uses a paintbrush to transfer pollen from the anther of one flower to the stigma of another flower on a different plant. This technique is an example of:

31.A scientist wants to determine whether a plant species is wind-pollinated or insect-pollinated. Which of the following pieces of evidence would most strongly suggest it is wind-pollinated?

32.What is the function of the filament in a flower?

33.A student observes that a flower produces a large amount of sticky pollen. Which type of pollination is this flower most likely adapted for?

34.In a study, researchers compared the number of seeds produced by flowers that were hand-pollinated with pollen from the same plant (self-pollination) versus flowers hand-pollinated with pollen from a different plant (cross-pollination). They found that cross-pollinated flowers produced more seeds. What does this suggest?

35.A farmer notices that a particular crop produces very few seeds despite having many flowers. Which of the following is the most likely explanation?

36.A student counts the number of pollen grains on the stigmas of 20 flowers from each of two populations of the same plant species. Population A grows in an open field; population B grows in a dense forest. The results are: Population A mean = 150 grains, standard deviation = 30; Population B mean = 80 grains, standard deviation = 25. Which conclusion is best supported by the data?

37.In an experiment, a student covers 10 flowers with a fine mesh bag that prevents insects from reaching them, and leaves 10 similar flowers uncovered. After one week, the uncovered flowers have produced 8 seeds each on average, while the covered flowers have produced only 2 seeds each on average. What is the most likely conclusion?

38.Which of the following is a characteristic of wind-pollinated flowers?

39.A researcher measures the distance travelled by pollen grains from a single flower of a wind-pollinated plant. The data show that 90% of pollen grains land within 10 metres of the parent plant, and 10% travel further, up to 100 metres. Which of the following is the most likely consequence for the plant population?

40.A flower has its anthers positioned below the stigma. Which of the following is most likely true about this flower?