Me, my family and friends
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Notas de aula
Describing yourself
- Original fictional model: Ich heiße Sam. Ich bin fünfzehn Jahre alt. Ich habe braune Haare und blaue Augen. Heißen introduces a name, sein an ordinary age statement and haben possession or features in these models.
- Braune Haare and blaue Augen use attributive adjectives before plural nouns. Sam ist groß uses an uninflected predicate adjective. You may invent all details rather than disclose your name, age, appearance or private circumstances.
Read the fictional introduction
Personality
- Nett nice, freundlich friendly, lustig funny, schüchtern shy, großzügig generous, gesprächig chatty, stur stubborn and geduldig patient describe a personality in this vocabulary set. Faul means lazy in a personality description but can mean rotten for food.
- Sehr very, ziemlich quite/rather, ein bisschen a bit and zu too modify the degree in these models. Attribute judgements to a speaker and do not infer them from appearance: Ich finde Sam freundlich, weil Sam mir hilft.
Read the description in context
Family
- Die Mutter mother, der Vater father, die Eltern parents, der Bruder brother, die Schwester sister, die Geschwister siblings, die Großmutter grandmother, der Großvater grandfather, die Tante aunt, der Onkel uncle, der Cousin male cousin and die Cousine female cousin name family relationships.
- Der Halbbruder means half-brother, der Stiefbruder stepbrother and ein Einzelkind only child in the taught kinship senses. These terms do not require any particular household structure or the learner’s personal family disclosure.
Distinguish the family terms
Possessive adjectives
- The possessive stem reflects the intended owner in these models: mein- my, dein- informal singular your, sein- his, ihr- her/their, unser- our, euer- informal plural your and Ihr- formal your. Context is needed for ambiguous ihr references.
- Endings depend on the following noun’s gender, number and case: mein Bruder nominative, meinen Bruder accusative, mit meinem Bruder dative; meine Eltern nominative/accusative but mit meinen Eltern dative. Do not label another case form wrong without specifying the required grammatical role.
Check owner, then noun and case
Sein and haben
- Sein present: ich bin, du bist, er/sie/es ist, wir sind, ihr seid, sie/Sie sind. Haben present: ich habe, du hast, er/sie/es hat, wir haben, ihr habt, sie/Sie haben. Formal Sie uses the plural form even when addressing one person.
- Ordinary age uses sein: ich bin fünfzehn Jahre alt. Ich werde fünfzehn means I am turning fifteen, a different message. Sie haben at sentence start can mean they have or formal you have; capitalization alone may not resolve the reference.
Use the present verb form
Nominative case
- Nominative marks the subject in the model Der Bruder ist nett. Definite articles are der masculine, die feminine, das neuter and die plural; indefinite singular articles are ein, eine and ein respectively. There is no ordinary indefinite plural ein article.
- Predicative nett in Der Bruder ist nett has no agreement ending. Attributive nette in der nette Bruder has one. Masculine accusative changes the article in Ich habe einen Bruder; the noun’s gender remains masculine even when its article changes.
Distinguish adjective use
Friends and relationships
- Der Freund and die Freundin can mean a friend or a romantic partner according to context. Alex und Jo sind befreundet explicitly establishes friendship. Sie verstehen sich gut means they get on well here, while sie streiten sich means they argue.
- Reflexive forms follow the subject: ich verstehe mich, wir verstehen uns; ich streite mich, wir streiten uns. Heiraten means marry and geschieden divorced in a marital-status context. No relationship status should be inferred from a name, picture or an isolated possessive.
Read the explicitly stated relationship
Word order
- In declarative main clauses, the finite verb follows one opening constituent: Ich bin heute müde; heute bin ich müde; nach der Schule bin ich müde. A constituent may contain multiple words, so second position is not simply the second written word.
- A yes/no question such as Bist du müde? starts with its finite verb, while a standard written subordinate clause such as weil ich müde bin places bin last. The main-clause statement pattern is not a rule for every question, command or subordinate clause.
Match the clause type
Slides
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Questões de prática
Prévia grátis — 8 de 37 perguntas. Cadastre-se para ver todas.
1.What does "Ich heiße" mean?
Easy- Amy name is
- BI am hot
- CI eat
- DI have
2.What does "der Vater" mean?
Easy- Athe mother
- Bthe uncle
- Cthe brother
- Dthe father
3.In Meine Schwester ist zwölf Jahre alt, what does Schwester mean?
Easy- Athe aunt
- Bthe cousin
- Cthe sister
- Dthe brother
4.What does "braune Haare" mean?
Easy- Ared hair
- Bbrown hair
- Cbrown eyes
- Dlong hair
5.What does "blaue Augen" mean?
Easy- Ablue eyes
- Bblue hair
- Cgreen eyes
- Dbrown eyes
6.What does "nett" mean?
Easy- Ashy
- Blazy
- Cstubborn
- Dnice
7.What does "schüchtern" mean?
Easy- Achatty
- Bgenerous
- Cshy
- Dfunny
8.In a fictional personality description Er arbeitet ungern und ist oft faul, what does faul mean?
Easy- Afunny
- Blazy
- Cpatient
- Dkind
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