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Interpretations of history

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Notas de aula

What an interpretation is

  • An interpretation constructs an explanation or representation of the past. Historians are not its only creators: memoirs, documentaries, displays and other accounts can also make historical meaning.
  • Interpretations can share accurate details but weight or connect them differently. The possibility of several defensible accounts does not mean every opinion has equal evidential support.

One record can support different questions

One record can support different questionsSame materialDifferent possible focusA wage recordIncome levels or employer controlA politicalspeechDeclared policy or persuasive strategyA buildingFunction, status or changing useA memoirReported experience or laterself-presentation

Why interpretations differ

  • Evidence differs through discovery, survival, access and selection. Identical material can still lead to different questions and emphases.
  • Different focus or questions: one may study causes, another consequences.
  • Context can affect questions and assumptions, but neither a Victorian date nor a modern date dictates an author’s view of empire. Examine the actual content rather than assuming a uniform period attitude.
  • Different purposes and audiences: a political speech versus an academic book versus a TV documentary.
  • Different weight on factors: they disagree about which factors mattered most.

A possible influence needs a connection

A possible influence needs a connectionInfluenceQuestion to askAvailableevidenceWhat could this creator consult?Purpose andaudienceHow do they shape selection?Time andexperienceWhich questions or assumptions becomesalient?EmphasisWhat receives most explanatory weight?

Analysing an interpretation

  • Identify the main argument (what does it claim?) and how it is supported (what evidence, emphasis, tone and language?).
  • Compare two interpretations: what do they agree and disagree about, and why?

Judging how convincing it is

  • For a convincingness task, test particular content against relevant knowledge and explain why it supports a judgement. Use a source’s date or purpose where the actual task makes provenance relevant; AQA’s why-authors-differ question is distinct.
  • An interpretation does not need to cover every fact or contain both sides in equal amounts. AQA does not require a limitation merely to reach a high level. A positive evaluation can be fully supported, while any challenge must be relevant and substantiated.

Follow the interpretation task

Follow the interpretation taskTaskMain analytical focusHow do they differ?Compare the actual contentWhy might authorsdiffer?Connect provenance to a differenceHow convincing?Test claims with relevantknowledgeA reasonedjudgementExplain support rather thaninventing a flaw

Slides

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Questões de prática

Prévia grátis — 8 de 32 perguntas. Cadastre-se para ver todas.
  1. 1.What is an interpretation?

    Easy
    • Aa constructed explanation or representation of the past
    • Ba source from the time
    • Ca date
    • Da place
  2. 2.Which option gives a supported reason two interpretations might differ?

    Easy
    • Ausing identical evidence must produce an identical explanation
    • Bno evidence
    • Cno historians
    • Ddifferent evidence
  3. 3.What does 'purpose' mean?

    Easy
    • Aits font
    • Bits price
    • Cwhy an interpretation was made
    • Dits length
  4. 4.What does 'audience' mean?

    Easy
    • Athe date
    • Bwho the interpretation is for
    • Cwho the author is
    • Dthe size
  5. 5.A TV documentary and an academic book on the same topic may differ because:

    Easy
    • Athey have different purposes and audiences
    • Bthey are the same
    • Cthe topic changed
    • Dthey disagree on dates only
  6. 6.What is the first step in analysing an interpretation?

    Easy
    • Acopy it
    • Bignore it
    • Cpraise it
    • Didentify its main argument
  7. 7.What does 'convincing' mean?

    Easy
    • Along
    • Bmodern
    • Csupported by evidence and persuasive
    • Dpopular
  8. 8.What does 'balanced' mean?

    Easy
    • Aemotional
    • Bconsiders different views and evidence
    • Cone-sided
    • Dvery short

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