Transfer Of Thermal Energy

9.Explain why the Earth's surface temperature would be much lower if there were no greenhouse gases in the atmosphere.

10.In an experiment to investigate thermal radiation, four identical flasks are painted black, grey, white, and silver, filled with hot water at the same initial temperature, and their temperatures are recorded over time. Which flask is expected to cool the fastest?

11.Complete the sentence about the greenhouse effect.

12.Name one everyday example of a good thermal conductor.

13.Which method of thermal energy transfer involves the movement of particles in a fluid?

14.Thermal radiation requires a medium to travel through.

15.In a convection current, what happens to a fluid when it is heated?

16.Which of the following are greenhouse gases? (Select all that apply)

17.Which of the following is the best thermal conductor?

18.Match each method of thermal energy transfer to the correct description.

19.Conduction is the main method of thermal energy transfer in liquids.

20.In an experiment to investigate thermal radiation, four identical flasks are painted black, grey, white, and silver, filled with hot water at the same initial temperature. After 10 minutes, which flask is likely to have the lowest temperature?

21.Arrange the following steps in the correct order to explain how a convection current is formed when a liquid is heated from below.

22.Which of the following are good thermal insulators? (Select all that apply)

23.In an experiment to investigate thermal radiation, four identical flasks painted black, grey, white, and silver are filled with hot water at 80°C. The temperature is recorded every 30 seconds for 10 minutes. Which flask shows the smallest temperature decrease?

24.Which of the following is a control variable in the experiment to investigate how the colour of a surface affects the amount of thermal radiation emitted?

25.In the thermal radiation experiment, the amount of energy lost by conduction and convection is different for each coloured flask.

26.Which of the following are safety precautions when carrying out the thermal radiation experiment? (Select all that apply)

27.Which of the following is the main method of thermal energy transfer in solids?

28.Which method of thermal energy transfer is the main way heat travels through liquids and gases?

29.In the experiment to investigate thermal radiation using flasks painted different colours, which of the following are control variables? (Select all that apply)

30.In the experiment to investigate thermal radiation, a student uses a data logger with digital thermometers instead of glass thermometers. What type of error is reduced?

31.Arrange the following steps in the correct order to describe how a convection current forms when a liquid is heated from below.

32.Which of the following surfaces is the best emitter of thermal radiation?

33.In the experiment to investigate thermal radiation using flasks painted different colours, which of the following is a control variable?

34.A student investigates how the colour of a surface affects the rate of cooling. Four identical flasks painted black, grey, white, and silver are filled with hot water at 80°C. The temperature of each flask is measured every 30 seconds for 10 minutes. Which of the following is a control variable in this experiment?

35.Complete the sentence: The hotter an object is, the ___ thermal radiation it emits.

36.In an experiment to investigate thermal radiation, four identical flasks painted black, grey, white, and silver are filled with hot water at 80°C. After 10 minutes, which flask is expected to have the lowest temperature? (Enter 1 for black, 2 for grey, 3 for white, 4 for silver)

37.Complete the sentence.

38.A black surface and a white surface are placed in sunlight. The black surface absorbs 90% of incident radiation and the white surface absorbs 20%. If the incident power on each surface is 500 W, how much more power (in watts) does the black surface absorb compared to the white surface?

39.A black surface absorbs 90% of incident radiation and a white surface absorbs 20%. If the incident power on each surface is 500 W, calculate the power absorbed by the black surface.

40.The power radiated by a black surface is 200 W. If the surface is replaced by a white surface at the same temperature, and the white surface emits only 20% of the radiation emitted by the black surface, calculate the power radiated by the white surface.

41.A black surface absorbs 90% of incident radiation and a white surface absorbs 20%. If the incident power on each surface is 500 W, calculate the power absorbed by the white surface.

42.Explain why adding excess carbon dioxide to the Earth's atmosphere leads to an increase in surface temperature.

43.Explain why adding excess carbon dioxide to the Earth's atmosphere leads to an increase in surface temperature of Earth.

44.Explain how a convection current is formed when a liquid is heated from below.

45.Describe an experiment to investigate how the colour of a surface affects the amount of thermal radiation it emits.

46.Explain why adding excess carbon dioxide to the Earth's atmosphere leads to an increase in the surface temperature of Earth.

47.In an experiment to investigate thermal radiation, four identical flasks painted black, grey, white, and silver are filled with hot water at 80°C. After 10 minutes, which flask is expected to have the lowest temperature? (Enter 1 for black, 2 for grey, 3 for white, 4 for silver)

48.A black surface and a white surface are placed in sunlight. The black surface absorbs 90% of incident radiation and the white surface absorbs 20%. If the incident power on each surface is 500 W, how much more power (in watts) does the black surface absorb compared to the white surface?

49.A black surface absorbs 90% of incident radiation and a white surface absorbs 20%. If the incident power on each surface is 500 W, calculate the power absorbed by the black surface.

50.The power radiated by a black surface is 200 W. If the surface is replaced by a white surface at the same temperature, and the white surface emits only 20% of the radiation emitted by the black surface, calculate the power radiated by the white surface.

51.A black surface absorbs 90% of incident radiation and a white surface absorbs 20%. If the incident power on each surface is 500 W, calculate the power absorbed by the white surface.