Energy stores

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Notas de aula

Energy Stores Overview

Energy is not a physical thing we can see or touch.
Different objects store energy in different energy stores.
There are eight main energy stores: thermal, kinetic, gravitational potential, elastic potential, chemical, nuclear, magnetic potential, and electrostatic potential.

Thermal Energy Store

Any object with a temperature has a thermal energy store.
The higher the temperature, the more energy in the thermal store.
Examples: hot cup of tea, hot bath water, hot radiator.

Energy is transferred by heating from the hot coffee, to the mug, to the hands

Kinetic Energy Store

Any moving object has a kinetic energy store.
The faster the movement, the more energy in the kinetic store.
Examples: moving car, train, person walking or running.

A moving car has energy in its kinetic store: Eₖ = ½ × m × v².

Gravitational Potential Energy Store

Objects at a height above the ground have gravitational potential energy.
The larger the height, the more energy in this store.
Examples: book on a high shelf, bird on a high branch.

Energy is transferred to an object's gravitational store as it is lifted through a height: ΔEp = mgΔh.

Elastic Potential Energy Store

Objects like springs or elastic bands stretched or compressed store elastic potential energy.
The greater the extension or compression, the larger the energy store.
Examples: stretched elastic band, spring, hair tie.

Chemical Energy Store

Different chemicals store energy in their chemical energy store.
Examples: food, fuel, batteries.

Nuclear Energy Store

Energy stored in the nucleus of an atom is in the nuclear energy store.
Examples: uranium or plutonium fuel in nuclear power plants.

In nuclear fission, a neutron strikes a target nucleus, which splits into two smaller nuclei and releases further neutrons

Magnetic and Electrostatic Potential Energy Stores

Magnetic potential: two magnets held close together store energy.
Electrostatic potential: charges close together (e.g., protons, electrons) store energy.

Eight energy stores

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CADASTRE-SE — GRÁTIS ENTRAR

Questões de prática

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1.A helicopter is stationary and hovering above the ground. Which energy store does the helicopter have?
Easy
- AGravitational potential
- BKinetic
- CElastic potential
- DNuclear
2.A helicopter starts to move forwards. Which additional energy store does it now have?
Easy
- AKinetic
- BThermal
- CChemical
- DMagnetic potential
3.While flying, the engine of a helicopter becomes warm. Which energy store has increased in the engine?
Easy
- AThermal
- BKinetic
- CChemical
- DNuclear
4.A helicopter uses kerosene fuel. Which energy store does kerosene have?
Easy
- AChemical
- BKinetic
- CThermal
- DNuclear
5.A person bungee jumping falls from a bridge. What happens to their gravitational potential energy store as they fall?
Easy
- AIt decreases
- BIt increases
- CIt stays the same
- DIt is converted to elastic potential only
6.As a bungee jumper falls, they accelerate and get faster. What happens to their kinetic energy store?
Easy
- AIt increases
- BIt decreases
- CIt stays the same
- DIt is converted to gravitational potential
7.At the bottom of a bungee jump, the bungee cord stretches. What happens to its elastic potential energy store?
Easy
- AIt increases
- BIt decreases
- CIt stays the same
- DIt is converted to kinetic
8.A remote-controlled car has a battery that powers it. Which energy store does the battery have?
Easy
- AChemical
- BKinetic
- CThermal
- DNuclear

Mais perguntas

9.A remote-controlled car accelerates forwards. Which energy store does it now have?
Easy
- AKinetic
- BThermal
- CGravitational potential
- DElastic potential
10.The battery of a remote-controlled car becomes hot as it is used. Which energy store has increased?
Easy
- AThermal
- BChemical
- CKinetic
- DNuclear
11.Two charged particles close to each other have which energy store?
Easy
- AElectrostatic potential
- BMagnetic potential
- CChemical
- DNuclear
12.Uranium fuel in a nuclear power plant has which energy store?
Easy
- ANuclear
- BChemical
- CThermal
- DKinetic
13.A chocolate bar is an example of which energy store?
Easy
- AChemical
- BThermal
- CKinetic
- DNuclear
14.Two magnets held close together have which energy store?
Easy
- AMagnetic potential
- BElectrostatic potential
- CGravitational potential
- DElastic potential
15.A skier is at the top of a mountain. Which energy store is largest?
Easy
- AGravitational potential
- BKinetic
- CThermal
- DChemical
16.A ball is thrown upwards. As it rises, what happens to its gravitational potential energy store?
Easy
- AIncreases
- BDecreases
- CStays the same
- DBecomes zero
17.A car is moving at constant speed on a flat road. Which energy store is constant?
Medium
- AKinetic
- BGravitational potential
- CElastic potential
- DNuclear
18.A pendulum swings from its highest point to its lowest point. Which energy store decreases?
Medium
- AGravitational potential
- BKinetic
- CThermal
- DElastic potential
19.A spring is compressed and then released. What energy transformation occurs as it returns to its original length?
Medium
- AElastic potential to kinetic
- BKinetic to elastic potential
- CChemical to elastic potential
- DGravitational potential to kinetic
20.A nuclear power plant uses uranium fuel. Which energy store does the uranium have?
Easy
- ANuclear
- BChemical
- CThermal
- DElectrostatic potential
21.A hot cup of tea has which energy store?
Easy
- AThermal
- BChemical
- CKinetic
- DNuclear
22.A roller coaster car is at the top of a hill and then descends. Which statement about energy stores is correct?
Medium
- AGravitational potential decreases, kinetic increases
- BGravitational potential increases, kinetic decreases
- CKinetic decreases, thermal increases
- DChemical decreases, gravitational potential increases
23.A battery is used to power a torch. Which energy store does the battery have?
Easy
- AChemical
- BElectrical
- CNuclear
- DThermal
24.A proton and an electron are close together. Which energy store do they have?
Easy
- AElectrostatic potential
- BMagnetic potential
- CGravitational potential
- DNuclear
25.A student investigates energy stores by dropping a ball from different heights and measuring the bounce height. Which energy store decreases as the ball falls?
Medium
- AGravitational potential energy store
- BKinetic energy store
- CChemical energy store
- DElastic potential energy store
26.In an experiment, a spring is stretched by hanging masses on it. Which energy store increases in the spring as it is stretched?
Easy
- AElastic potential energy store
- BKinetic energy store
- CGravitational potential energy store
- DThermal energy store
27.A student uses a joulemeter to measure the energy transferred by a battery-powered toy car. The car moves at constant speed on a flat surface. Which statement about the energy stores is correct?
Medium
- AThe chemical energy store of the battery decreases and the kinetic energy store of the car remains constant.
- BThe chemical energy store of the battery decreases and the kinetic energy store of the car increases.
- CThe chemical energy store of the battery remains constant and the kinetic energy store of the car increases.
- DThe chemical energy store of the battery remains constant and the kinetic energy store of the car decreases.
28.A student places a hot metal block into a beaker of cold water and measures the temperature change. Which energy store of the metal block decreases?
Easy
- AThermal energy store
- BChemical energy store
- CKinetic energy store
- DNuclear energy store
29.In an experiment, a pendulum swings from its highest point to its lowest point. Which energy transformation occurs?
Easy
- AGravitational potential energy store → kinetic energy store
- BKinetic energy store → gravitational potential energy store
- CElastic potential energy store → kinetic energy store
- DChemical energy store → gravitational potential energy store
30.A student rubs their hands together quickly. Which energy store increases in their hands?
Easy
- AThermal energy store
- BKinetic energy store
- CChemical energy store
- DElastic potential energy store
31.A student investigates the energy stored in a stretched elastic band. They stretch the band to different lengths and release it to launch a paper pellet. Which energy store is greatest in the stretched band?
Easy
- AElastic potential energy store
- BKinetic energy store
- CGravitational potential energy store
- DThermal energy store
32.A student uses a battery to light a bulb. Which energy store of the battery decreases?
Easy
- AChemical energy store
- BThermal energy store
- CKinetic energy store
- DNuclear energy store
33.A student investigates the efficiency of a motor by measuring the electrical energy input and the gravitational potential energy gained by a lifted mass. Which energy store of the mass increases?
Easy
- AGravitational potential energy store
- BKinetic energy store
- CThermal energy store
- DChemical energy store
34.A student places two magnets close together and feels a force. Which energy store do the magnets have?
Easy
- AMagnetic potential energy store
- BKinetic energy store
- CThermal energy store
- DChemical energy store
35.Which energy store does a moving car have?
Easy
- AKinetic energy store
- BThermal energy store
- CChemical energy store
- DNuclear energy store
36.A student investigates the energy changes in a bouncing ball. When the ball hits the ground and compresses, which energy store increases?
Easy
- AElastic potential energy store
- BGravitational potential energy store
- CKinetic energy store
- DNuclear energy store
37.Which energy store does any object that has a temperature possess?
Easy
- AThermal energy store
- BKinetic energy store
- CChemical energy store
- DNuclear energy store
38.Which energy store is increased when an object is lifted higher above the ground?
Easy
- AKinetic energy store
- BGravitational potential energy store
- CElastic potential energy store
- DThermal energy store
39.A stretched elastic band stores energy in which store?
Easy
- AChemical energy store
- BKinetic energy store
- CElastic potential energy store
- DMagnetic potential energy store
40.Which energy store is associated with food, fuel, and batteries?
Easy
- ANuclear energy store
- BChemical energy store
- CThermal energy store
- DElectrostatic potential energy store
41.Which of the following is NOT a type of energy store?
Easy
- AKinetic
- BThermal
- CElectrical
- DChemical
42.An object that is moving has a kinetic energy store.
Easy
True or false?
43.Which energy store is associated with a hot cup of tea?
Easy
- AKinetic
- BThermal
- CChemical
- DNuclear
44.A stretched elastic band stores gravitational potential energy.
Easy
True or false?
45.Match each energy store to its correct description.
Medium
- Kinetic
- Gravitational potential
- Elastic potential
- Energy stored by a moving object
- Energy stored by an object at a height
- Energy stored by a stretched spring
46.Which of the following is NOT an example of a chemical energy store?
Easy
- AFood
- BFuel
- CBatteries
- DA stretched elastic band
47.Two magnets held close together have a magnetic potential energy store.
Easy
True or false?
48.Arrange the following energy stores in the order they appear in the source table (first to last).
Easy
- Kinetic
- Nuclear
- Thermal
- Electrostatic potential
49.Which of the following are examples of objects that have a gravitational potential energy store? (Select all that apply)
Medium
- AA book on a high shelf
- BA bird standing on a high branch
- CA stretched elastic band
- DA car moving on a flat road
50.A student investigates the energy changes in a toy car. The car is placed at the top of a ramp and released. It rolls down the ramp and along a flat surface before stopping. Which of the following correctly describes the main energy store changes from the moment the car is released until it stops?
Hard
- AGravitational potential → kinetic → thermal
- BKinetic → gravitational potential → thermal
- CChemical → kinetic → gravitational potential
- DThermal → gravitational potential → kinetic
51.Fill in the blank.
Easy
The energy stored in the nucleus of an atom is called the ____ energy store.
52.Fill in the blanks to list the eight energy stores mentioned in the source.
Easy
The eight energy stores are thermal, kinetic, gravitational potential, elastic potential, chemical, nuclear, magnetic potential, and ____ potential.
53.State the energy store that a book on a high shelf has.
Easy
54.State the energy store that two charged particles close to each other have.
Easy
55.A 2 kg object is lifted to a height of 5 m above the ground. Calculate the gravitational potential energy stored in the object. Use g = 10 N/kg.
Medium
56.
In an experiment, a student drops a ball from different heights and measures the height of the bounce. The results are shown in the table below.
Drop height (m) | Bounce height (m)
0.50 | 0.30
1.00 | 0.60
1.50 | 0.90
2.00 | 1.20
Explain why the bounce height is always less than the drop height, referring to energy stores and transfers.
Drop height (m) Bounce height (m)
0.50 0.30
1.00 0.60
1.50 0.90
2.00 1.20
Hard
57.A 2 kg object is lifted to a height of 5 m above the ground. Calculate the gravitational potential energy stored in the object. Use g = 10 N/kg.
Medium
- A120 J
- B110 J
- C90 J
- D100 J

Resumos de revisão

## Energy Stores Energy is not a physical thing we can see or touch. Different objects store energy in different ways called **energy stores**. ### Types of Energy Stores - **Thermal**: Any object with a temperature. Higher temperature = more thermal energy. (e.g., hot cup of tea) - **Kinetic**: Any moving object. Faster movement = more kinetic energy. (e.g., a moving car) - **Gravitational potential**: Objects at a height above ground. Larger height = more gravitational potential energy. (e.g., book on a high shelf) - **Elastic potential**: Stretched or compressed objects (springs, elastic bands). Greater extension/compression = more elastic potential energy. (e.g., stretched elastic band) - **Chemical**: Stored in chemicals. (e.g., food, fuel, batteries) - **Nuclear**: Stored in the nucleus of an atom. (e.g., uranium in nuclear power plants) - **Magnetic potential**: Two magnets held close together. (e.g., two magnets near each other) - **Electrostatic potential**: Charges close together. (e.g., protons, electrons) ### Key Points - A stationary helicopter hovering has **gravitational potential** energy. - Moving forward adds **kinetic** energy. - A warm engine has increased **thermal** energy. - Fuel (kerosene) has **chemical** energy. - Falling decreases gravitational potential energy. - Accelerating increases kinetic energy. - Stretching a bungee cord increases **elastic potential** energy. - A battery has **chemical** energy. - Two charged particles have **electrostatic potential** energy. - Uranium fuel has **nuclear** energy. - A chocolate bar has **chemical** energy. - Two magnets near each other have **magnetic potential** energy.

Thermal energy store: Any object with a temperature has a thermal energy store. The higher the temperature, the more energy in the thermal energy store.
Kinetic energy store: Any object that is moving has a kinetic energy store. The faster the movement, the more energy in the kinetic energy store.
Gravitational potential energy store: Objects at a height above the ground have a gravitational potential energy store. The larger the height, the more energy in the gravitational potential energy store.
Elastic potential energy store: When objects such as a spring or elastic band are stretched or compressed they store elastic potential energy. The greater the extension or compression, the larger the elastic potential energy store.
Chemical energy store: Different chemicals store energy in their chemical energy store. Examples: food, fuel, batteries.
Nuclear energy store: Energy that is stored in the nucleus of an atom is in the nuclear energy store. Examples: fuel in nuclear power plants (uranium or plutonium).
Magnetic potential energy store: When two magnets are held close together, they have a magnetic potential energy store.
Electrostatic potential energy store: When charges are close together, they have an electric potential energy store. Examples: protons, electrons, any charged particle.

Flashcards

What is an energy store?

Different objects store energy in different ways, called energy stores.

What is the thermal energy store?

Any object with a temperature has a thermal energy store. Higher temperature means more thermal energy.

What is the kinetic energy store?

Any object that is moving has a kinetic energy store. Faster movement means more kinetic energy.

What is gravitational potential energy store?

Objects at a height above the ground have gravitational potential energy. Larger height means more energy.

What is elastic potential energy store?

When objects like springs or elastic bands are stretched or compressed, they store elastic potential energy.

What is the chemical energy store?

Different chemicals store energy in their chemical energy store, e.g., food, fuel, batteries.

What is the nuclear energy store?

Energy stored in the nucleus of an atom is in the nuclear energy store, e.g., uranium or plutonium.

What is the magnetic potential energy store?

When two magnets are held close together, they have a magnetic potential energy store.

What is the electrostatic potential energy store?

When charges are close together, they have an electric potential energy store (e.g., protons, electrons).

A helicopter is stationary and hovering above the ground. What energy store does it have?

Gravitational potential energy store (due to height above ground).

The helicopter starts to move forwards. What additional energy store does it have?

Kinetic energy store (because it is moving).

While flying, the engine of the helicopter becomes warm. What energy store increases?

Thermal energy store (due to increased temperature).

The helicopter uses kerosene fuel. What energy store does kerosene have?

Chemical energy store.

A person bungee jumps off a bridge. What happens to their gravitational potential energy store as they fall?

It decreases (as height decreases).

As the person bungee jumps, they accelerate and get faster. What happens to their kinetic energy store?

It increases (as speed increases).

At the bottom of the bungee jump, the cord stretches. What happens to its elastic potential energy store?

It increases (as the cord is stretched).

A remote-controlled car has a battery. What energy store does the battery have?

Chemical energy store.

The remote-controlled car accelerates forwards. What energy store does it now have?

Kinetic energy store (due to movement).

The battery of the remote-controlled car becomes hot as it is used. Which energy store has increased?

Thermal energy store.

What energy store do two charged particles close to each other have?

Electrostatic potential energy store.

What energy store does uranium fuel in a nuclear power plant have?

Nuclear energy store.

What energy store does a chocolate bar have?

Chemical energy store.

What energy store do two magnets near each other have?

Magnetic potential energy store.

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Drop height (m)	Bounce height (m)
0.50	0.30
1.00	0.60
1.50	0.90
2.00	1.20