Vocabulary: roots, prefixes and suffixes

விளையாடிக் கற்றுக்கொள்ளுங்கள்

ஆற்றல் சம்பாதிக்க இந்த கேள்விகளுக்குப் பதிலளியுங்கள், பின்னர் மீன் பிடித்து ஆராயுங்கள். கணக்கு தேவையில்லை.

கல்வியாளர்களுக்கு: Vocabulary: roots, prefixes and suffixes (KS3 English, Grammar & Vocabulary)-க்கான தயாரான பாட ஸ்லைடுகள், திருப்புதல் குறிப்புகள் — உங்கள் பாடத்தில் அவற்றைப் பயன்படுத்தவும், அல்லது கற்பவர்கள் நேரலை விளையாட்டாக விளையாடும் ஊடாடும் வகுப்பு செயல்பாடாக தலைப்பை இயக்கவும்.

பாட குறிப்புகள்

What is Morphology?

  • Morphology is the study of how words are formed and how they relate to one another.
  • It investigates the structure of words in terms of morphemes, the smallest units with meaning or grammatical function.
  • Morphemes include roots that can stand alone as words, and affixes that must attach to other morphemes.
  • For example, catch and ‑ing are both morphemes; catch can be a word on its own, and with ‑ing forms catching.
  • Morphology also looks at how words behave as parts of speech and how they change for number, tense, and aspect.
  • It considers productivity: how speakers create new words in specific contexts, and how these processes change over time.

Morphemes: Roots and Affixes

  • A root is the core morpheme that carries the main meaning of a word and can often stand alone.
  • An affix is a morpheme that attaches to a root or stem and cannot usually stand alone.
  • Prefixes are affixes added to the beginning of a word (e.g., un‑ in unhappy).
  • Suffixes are affixes added to the end of a word (e.g., ‑ness in happiness).
  • Affixes can change a word's meaning, its word class (part of speech), or both.

Common Prefixes and Their Meanings

  • un‑ means 'not' or 'opposite of' (e.g., unfair, undo).
  • re‑ means 'again' or 'back' (e.g., rewrite, return).
  • pre‑ means 'before' (e.g., preview, prehistoric).
  • dis‑ means 'not' or 'away' (e.g., disagree, disappear).
  • mis‑ means 'wrongly' or 'badly' (e.g., misunderstand, misspell).
  • sub‑ means 'under' or 'below' (e.g., submarine, subway).

Common Suffixes and Their Effects

  • ‑ness forms nouns from adjectives, meaning 'state of being' (e.g., kindness from kind).
  • ‑ful forms adjectives from nouns, meaning 'full of' (e.g., hopeful from hope).
  • ‑less forms adjectives meaning 'without' (e.g., fearless from fear).
  • ‑ly often forms adverbs from adjectives (e.g., quickly from quick).
  • ‑er can form nouns meaning 'one who does' (e.g., teacher from teach) or comparatives (e.g., faster).
  • ‑able forms adjectives meaning 'can be' (e.g., readable from read).

Latin and Greek Roots

  • Many English words are built from Latin and Greek roots.
  • Latin root port means 'carry' (e.g., transport, portable).
  • Latin root dict means 'say' or 'speak' (e.g., predict, dictionary).
  • Greek root graph means 'write' or 'draw' (e.g., autograph, graphic).
  • Greek root tele means 'far off' (e.g., telephone, television).
  • Knowing common roots helps you work out the meaning of unfamiliar words.

Word Families and Word Formation

  • A word family is a group of words that share the same root or base.
  • For example, act, action, active, react, and actor belong to the same word family.
  • Word formation rules create new words (new lexemes), such as dog catcher or dishwasher.
  • Inflection rules create different forms of the same word, such as dogs from dog.
  • The difference between inflection and word formation is not always clear-cut.

Working Out Unfamiliar Words

  • Break an unfamiliar word into its prefix, root, and suffix to guess its meaning.
  • Use context—the surrounding words and sentences—to check and refine your guess.
  • For example, un‑ + help + ‑ful suggests 'not giving help' or 'not helpful'.
  • Combining word parts with context clues makes you a more independent reader.

Synonyms, Antonyms and Shades of Meaning

  • Synonyms are words with similar meanings (e.g., big and large).
  • Antonyms are words with opposite meanings (e.g., hot and cold).
  • Synonyms often have shades of meaning: big, huge, and enormous differ in intensity.
  • Choosing the precise word makes your writing clearer and more effective.

Etymology and Borrowing

  • Etymology is the study of the origin and history of words.
  • English has borrowed words from many languages, including Latin, Greek, French, and Norse.
  • For example, telephone comes from Greek roots tele ('far') and phone ('sound').
  • Understanding etymology can explain unusual spellings and meanings.

ஸ்லைடுகள்

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பதிவு செய்க — இலவசம்உள்நுழைக

பயிற்சி கேள்விகள்

இலவச முன்னோட்டம் — 55-இல் 8 கேள்விகள். அனைத்தையும் பார்க்க பதிவு செய்யவும்.

  1. 1.Which term means 'the smallest unit in a language with some independent meaning or grammatical function'?

    Easy
    • AMorpheme
    • BSyllable
    • CPhoneme
    • DSentence

  2. 2.Which of the following are affixes? (select all that apply)

    Medium
    • A-ing
    • Bun-
    • C-ness
    • Dcatch
    • Edog

  3. 3.A root can exist as a word by itself.

    Easy

    True or false?

  4. 4.Match each term to its definition.

    Medium
    • Morpheme
    • Lexeme
    • Inflection
    • Word formation
    • Smallest meaningful unit
    • Set of inflected word-forms
    • Creates variant forms of the same lexeme
    • Creates new lexemes

  5. 5.Put these linguistic units in order from smallest to largest scale.

    Medium
    • Phoneme
    • Morpheme
    • Word
    • Phrase
    • Sentence

  6. 6.In the word 'catching', what is the suffix?

    Easy
    • Acatch
    • B-ing
    • Ccat
    • D-ch

  7. 7.Which of the following pairs are distinct lexemes?

    Medium
    • Aeat and eater
    • Beat and eats
    • Ceat and eaten
    • Deat and ate

  8. 8.The word 'unhappy' contains a prefix.

    Easy

    True or false?

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இந்த தலைப்பிற்கான ஒவ்வொரு கேள்வியையும், ஸ்லைடுகளையும், ஃப்ளாஷ் கார்டுகளையும் மற்றும் திருப்புதல் குறிப்புகளையும் பார்க்க இலவச கணக்கை உருவாக்கவும்.

பதிவு செய்க — இலவசம்உள்நுழைக

முந்தைய தேர்வுகள்

இந்த தலைப்பிற்கான முந்தைய தேர்வு பயிற்சி விரைவில் வருகிறது.
விரைவில் வருகிறது