Weather and climate

9.What is the name of the boundary between two air masses of different temperatures and densities?

10.Which of the following is a characteristic of a low-pressure system (depression) in the UK?

11.Which instrument is used to measure atmospheric pressure?

12.What is the difference between weather and climate?

13.Which of the following are factors that affect the climate of a place? (Select all that apply.)

14.Which of the following are types of rainfall? (Select all that apply.)

15.Weather and climate mean the same thing.

16.The Earth's axis is tilted relative to its orbital plane, and this tilt causes the seasons.

17.Most weather phenomena occur in the stratosphere.

18.Match each weather instrument with the weather element it measures.

19.Match each air mass affecting the UK with the conditions it typically brings.

20.Put the stages of convectional rainfall in the correct order.

21.Put the stages of relief rainfall in the correct order.

22.Why does the Northern Hemisphere receive more direct sunlight in June than in December?

23.Which factor is the main cause of the strong temperature contrast between polar and tropical air?

24.Which of the following are consequences of the strong temperature contrast between polar and tropical air? (Select all that apply.)

25.Higher altitudes are usually cooler than lower altitudes because most atmospheric heating comes from contact with the Earth's surface.

26.What is a temperature inversion?

27.How can a temperature inversion affect the weather?

28.Why do different surfaces (such as oceans, forests, ice sheets and human-made objects) cause local temperature differences?

29.Match each atmospheric circulation cell with its approximate latitude range.

31.A student writes: 'The weather in my town is always the same in July, so the climate never changes.' Which criticism of this statement is most accurate?

32.A climate graph for a coastal town shows a small annual temperature range: mild winters and cool summers. Which factor affecting climate best explains this pattern?

33.A map shows a town at grid reference 456 789 on a 1:50,000 scale map. Which statements about using this map evidence are correct? (Select all that apply.)

34.A data table showing one day's temperature, rainfall and wind speed can be used to describe the climate of a place.

35.Match each piece of evidence from a weather record with what it shows.

36.A student is given this extract: 'In June the Northern Hemisphere is tilted towards the Sun, so at any given Northern Hemisphere latitude sunlight falls more directly on that spot than in December.' Which conclusion is best supported by this evidence?

37.Which layer of the atmosphere lies immediately above the troposphere?

38.Which of the following is NOT a common weather phenomenon listed in the reference material?

39.Which large-scale atmospheric circulation cell is located between about 30° and 60° latitude?

40.Most weather phenomena occur in the troposphere.

41.What is the name of the lowest layer of the Earth's atmosphere, where most weather occurs?

42.What is the term for the long-term average of atmospheric conditions in a place?

43.According to the reference material, over how many years has Jupiter's Great Red Spot anticyclonic storm been known to exist?

44.Complete the sentence about the difference between weather and climate.

45.Name the three main types of rainfall.

46.What is the name of the process by which the uneven heating of the Earth's surface leads to the formation of zones of temperature and moisture gradients?

47.For approximately how many years has Jupiter's Great Red Spot anticyclonic storm been known to exist?

48.Complete the sentence about the cause of seasons.

49.Over how many years has Jupiter's Great Red Spot anticyclonic storm been known to exist? Give your answer as a number of years.

50.On Earth, surface temperatures usually range by how many degrees Celsius annually? Give your answer as a number.

51.Complete the sentence about the layers of the atmosphere.

52.The temperature at sea level is 20 °C. If the air cools at the adiabatic lapse rate of 6.5 °C per 1000 m, what is the approximate temperature at 2000 m? Give your answer in °C.

53.Explain why places at higher altitude are usually cooler than places at lower altitude.

54.Explain how the uneven heating of the Earth's surface can lead to the formation of weather systems.

55.A climate graph for a mountain town shows that January temperatures are higher than those in the valley below. Explain how a temperature inversion can cause this.

56.According to the reference material, over how many years has Jupiter's Great Red Spot anticyclonic storm been known to exist?

57.For approximately how many years has Jupiter's Great Red Spot anticyclonic storm been known to exist?

58.Over how many years has Jupiter's Great Red Spot anticyclonic storm been known to exist? Give your answer as a number of years.

59.On Earth, surface temperatures usually range by how many degrees Celsius annually? Give your answer as a number.

60.The temperature at sea level is 20 °C. If the air cools at the adiabatic lapse rate of 6.5 °C per 1000 m, what is the approximate temperature at 2000 m? Give your answer in °C.