Crude oil

9.Which of the following is a use of kerosene?

10.What happens to crude oil in the first step of fractional distillation?

11.Carbon dioxide is a greenhouse gas that contributes to which environmental problem?

12.Which of the following statements about crude oil formation is true?

13.The diagram shows a fractionating column used to separate crude oil. Which fraction is collected at point X?

14.A student sets up a simple distillation apparatus to separate a mixture of two liquids A and B. Liquid A boils at 80°C and liquid B boils at 150°C. Which liquid will be collected first and why?

15.The table shows the boiling points of four fractions from crude oil. Which fraction is most likely to be used as fuel for jet engines?

16.Which of the following is a hydrocarbon?

17.A student investigates the viscosity of four fractions from crude oil at room temperature. She measures the time for a steel ball to fall through 10 cm of each fraction. The results are shown in the table. Which fraction has the highest viscosity?

18.Burning 1 kg of petrol releases about 44 MJ of energy and produces 3.1 kg of carbon dioxide. Burning 1 kg of diesel releases about 45 MJ of energy and produces 3.2 kg of carbon dioxide. Which fuel produces less carbon dioxide per MJ of energy released?

19.In a fractionating column, which fraction would be collected at a point where the temperature is 200°C?

20.Which of the following products from crude oil is used to reduce friction in engines?

21.The graph shows the boiling points of four hydrocarbons found in crude oil. Which hydrocarbon has the longest carbon chain?

22.A sample of crude oil is heated in a laboratory. The first vapour to be produced is collected and condensed. What is the most likely substance in this fraction?

23.Which of the following is a non-renewable resource?

24.The table shows the boiling points of five fractions from crude oil. Which fraction is most likely to be used as fuel for ships?

25.In the fractional distillation of crude oil, why do different hydrocarbons condense at different levels in the fractionating column?

26.A student sets up a fractional distillation apparatus in the lab to separate crude oil. Which of the following is the correct order of fractions collected from the top of the column to the bottom?

27.In a laboratory simulation of fractional distillation, a student heats a mixture of two liquids X and Y. Liquid X boils at 70°C and liquid Y boils at 120°C. The thermometer at the top of the column reads 75°C when the first drops of distillate are collected. Which liquid is being collected?

28.Which of the following products from crude oil is used as a fuel for jet engines?

29.Which of the following statements about the fractionating column is true?

30.A student investigates the viscosity of four fractions from crude oil at room temperature. She measures the time for a steel ball to fall through 10 cm of each fraction. The results are: petrol 2 s, kerosene 5 s, diesel 12 s, fuel oil 30 s. Which fraction has the highest viscosity?

31.The table shows the boiling points of four fractions from crude oil: petrol (40-70°C), kerosene (150-250°C), diesel (250-350°C), fuel oil (350-500°C). In a fractionating column where the temperature at a certain level is 200°C, which fraction would be collected as a liquid at that level?

32.Which of the following is a greenhouse gas released when crude oil products are burned?

33.What is the main component of crude oil?

34.A student wants to separate a mixture of two liquids using simple distillation. Which piece of equipment is essential to measure the temperature of the vapour?

35.The diagram shows the arrangement of particles in a gas. Which statement best explains why a gas can be compressed easily?

36.A fractionating column is hotter at the bottom than the top. Is this statement true or false?

37.Which of the following is NOT produced from the fractional distillation of crude oil?

38.Burning fuels made from crude oil releases which gas that contributes to global warming?

39.In the fractional distillation of crude oil, which fraction has the highest boiling point?

40.Crude oil is formed from the remains of which type of organisms?

41.A fractionating column is hotter at the top than the bottom.

42.Butane, petrol and diesel are examples of products that are made from the fractional distillation of crude oil.

43.Petrol has a higher boiling point than diesel.

44.Burning fuels made from crude oil releases carbon dioxide.

45.Carbon dioxide is a greenhouse gas.

46.Crude oil is described as non-renewable because it:

47.Match each fraction from crude oil with its primary use.

48.Place the following fractions in order of increasing boiling point (lowest first).

49.Which of the following are products obtained from the fractional distillation of crude oil? (Select all that apply.)

50.A student investigates the viscosity of four fractions from crude oil at room temperature. She measures the time for a steel ball to fall through 10 cm of each fraction. The results are shown in the table below. Which fraction is most likely to be kerosene?

51.State what is meant by a hydrocarbon.

52.In a fractionating column, the temperature at the bottom is 350°C. A fraction with a boiling point range of 250–350°C condenses at a certain level. If the temperature decreases by 50°C for every 10 metres up the column, at what height (in metres) above the bottom would this fraction condense? Assume the fraction condenses at the top of its boiling range (350°C).

53.Complete the sentence using the words below.

54.The table shows the boiling points of four fractions from crude oil: petrol (40-70°C), kerosene (150-250°C), diesel (250-350°C), fuel oil (350-500°C). In a fractionating column, the temperature at a certain point is 200°C. Which fraction condenses at this point?

55.Describe how crude oil is formed.

56.Describe the process of fractional distillation.

57.State three products that can be made from crude oil and describe their uses.

58.Describe why fuels produced from crude oil would be described as non-renewable resources.

59.In a fractionating column, the temperature at the bottom is 350°C. A fraction with a boiling point range of 250–350°C condenses at a certain level. If the temperature decreases by 50°C for every 10 metres up the column, at what height (in metres) above the bottom would this fraction condense? Assume the fraction condenses at the top of its boiling range (350°C).

60.The table shows the boiling points of four fractions from crude oil: petrol (40-70°C), kerosene (150-250°C), diesel (250-350°C), fuel oil (350-500°C). In a fractionating column, the temperature at a certain point is 200°C. Which fraction condenses at this point?