Earth's atmosphere

9.Which of the following is an effect of global warming?

10.Venus has an atmosphere mostly of carbon dioxide. What effect does this have on its average temperature?

11.How does deforestation affect carbon dioxide levels in the atmosphere?

12.What process did cyanobacteria use to produce oxygen?

13.The pie chart of Earth's atmosphere shows nitrogen at 78%, oxygen at 21%, and argon at 0.9%. If a sample of air contains 1000 molecules, approximately how many molecules of oxygen would it contain?

14.A student measures the composition of a gas sample and finds it contains 78% nitrogen, 21% oxygen, and 1% other gases. Which gas is most likely missing from the measured composition according to the typical composition of Earth's atmosphere?

15.Earth's early atmosphere, produced by volcanic activity, consisted mostly of carbon dioxide and water vapour. As the Earth cooled, water vapour condensed to form oceans. This process removed water vapour from the atmosphere. What effect would this have on the total atmospheric pressure?

16.Cyanobacteria carried out photosynthesis, which uses carbon dioxide and water to produce glucose and oxygen. If cyanobacteria produced 1000 kg of glucose, approximately how much oxygen would be produced? (Relative formula masses: CO2 = 44, H2O = 18, C6H12O6 = 180, O2 = 32)

17.The table shows the percentage of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere over time. Year 1800: 0.028%, Year 1900: 0.030%, Year 2000: 0.037%, Year 2020: 0.041%. Which statement is correct?

18.Burning fossil fuels increases atmospheric carbon dioxide. If a power plant burns coal that is 80% carbon by mass, how much carbon dioxide is produced from 1000 kg of coal? (Atomic masses: C=12, O=16)

19.The graph shows global average temperature from 1880 to 2020. The temperature in 1880 was 13.7°C and in 2020 it was 14.9°C. What is the increase in temperature?

20.Venus has an atmosphere that is mostly carbon dioxide, leading to a very high surface temperature. Earth's atmosphere contains about 0.04% carbon dioxide. If Earth's carbon dioxide level rose to 1%, which effect would be most likely?

21.Deforestation reduces the number of trees. Which statement best explains how this affects atmospheric carbon dioxide levels?

22.Which two gases together make up 99% of Earth's atmosphere?

23.A student investigates the greenhouse effect using two beakers, one covered with plastic wrap and one uncovered, both under a lamp. The temperature is measured every 5 minutes. Which beaker is expected to show a higher temperature after 20 minutes?

24.A factory releases 500 tonnes of carbon dioxide per year. A forest of 10,000 trees absorbs 250 tonnes of carbon dioxide per year. How many additional trees need to be planted to offset the factory's emissions completely?

25.A student heats a sample of air over a hot copper coil to remove oxygen. After cooling, the volume of gas remaining is 79 cm³ from an initial 100 cm³. What is the approximate percentage of oxygen in the air sample?

26.In an experiment to measure the percentage of oxygen in air, a student uses a gas syringe containing 100 cm³ of air and passes it repeatedly over heated copper powder. After several passes, the volume reads 79 cm³. Which gas is removed by the hot copper?

27.Which of the following processes produces oxygen in Earth's atmosphere?

28.Earth's early atmosphere, produced by volcanic activity, consisted mostly of carbon dioxide and water vapour. As the Earth cooled, water vapour condensed to form oceans. What happened to most of the carbon dioxide?

29.A student investigates the greenhouse effect using two beakers, each containing 100 cm³ of water at 20°C. Beaker A is covered with plastic wrap. Both beakers are placed under a lamp for 30 minutes. The temperature of water in beaker A rises to 35°C, and in beaker B to 28°C. Which statement best explains the difference?

30.A factory releases 500 tonnes of carbon dioxide per year. A forest of 10,000 trees absorbs 250 tonnes of carbon dioxide per year. How many additional trees need to be planted to make the factory carbon-neutral?

31.The graph shows the concentration of atmospheric carbon dioxide in parts per million (ppm) from 1800 to 2020. In 1800 it was 280 ppm, in 1900 it was 300 ppm, and in 2000 it was 370 ppm. Which statement best describes the trend?

32.A student uses the apparatus shown to measure the percentage of oxygen in air. The apparatus consists of a gas syringe connected to a tube containing copper wool, which is heated. The student records the initial volume of air as 50 cm³. After passing the air back and forth over the hot copper several times, the final volume is 39.5 cm³. What is the percentage of oxygen in the air?

33.Which of the following is a method to reduce the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere?

34.Venus has an atmosphere that is mostly carbon dioxide. Earth's atmosphere contains about 0.04% carbon dioxide. If Earth had as much carbon dioxide as Venus, what would be the most likely effect on Earth's average temperature?

35.In an experiment to demonstrate the greenhouse effect, two thermometers are placed in separate glass jars. One jar is filled with air, the other with carbon dioxide. Both are exposed to a heat lamp. Which thermometer will show a higher temperature after 10 minutes?

36.What is the percentage of argon in Earth's atmosphere?

37.What is the percentage of carbon dioxide in Earth's atmosphere?

38.Earth's early atmosphere was produced mainly by volcanic activity. Which gas was most abundant in this early atmosphere?

39.What process did cyanobacteria use to produce oxygen in Earth's early atmosphere?

40.Which of the following is a greenhouse gas?

41.What is the most abundant gas in Earth's atmosphere?

42.Carbon dioxide makes up about 0.04% of Earth's atmosphere.

43.Burning fossil fuels decreases the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere.

44.Match each gas to its approximate percentage in Earth's atmosphere.

45.Arrange the following events in the order they occurred in Earth's history: (a) cyanobacteria produce oxygen, (b) water vapour condenses to form oceans, (c) intense volcanic activity produces early atmosphere.

46.Which of the following are effects of global warming? (Select all that apply)

47.Arrange the following events in the order they occurred in Earth's history, from earliest to latest.

48.Which of the following are greenhouse gases? (Select all that apply)

49.Which process do cyanobacteria use to produce oxygen?

50.Match each fossil fuel to its description.

51.What percentage of Earth's atmosphere is argon?

52.Complete the sentence about Earth's early atmosphere.

53.State the process by which cyanobacteria produced oxygen in Earth's early atmosphere.

54.State what global warming is.

55.What percentage of Earth's atmosphere is argon?