Energy: kinetic and potential

9.Which of the following is a non-conservative force?

10.Which of the following statements about mechanical energy are true? (Select all that apply)

11.Kinetic energy of an object depends on the square of its speed.

12.Arrange the following events for a pendulum swinging from its highest point on the left to its highest point on the right, in the order they occur:

13.A roller coaster car is at the top of a hill. Which energy conversion occurs as it rolls down?

14.An electric motor converts mechanical energy into electrical energy.

15.A 0.2 kg ball is dropped from a height of 5 m. Ignoring air resistance, what is its kinetic energy just before it hits the ground? (Use g = 10 m/s²)

16.A roller coaster car of mass 1000 kg is at the top of a 20 m high hill moving at 2 m/s. It then descends to a point 5 m above the ground. Ignoring friction, what is its speed at that point? (Use g = 10 m/s²)

17.Which of the following are examples of energy transformations where mechanical energy is converted to another form? (Select all that apply)

18.In an elastic collision, kinetic energy is conserved.

19.Match each scenario to the correct energy transformation.

20.Arrange the following events for a roller coaster starting from rest at the top of the first hill, going down, then up the next hill, in the order they occur.

21.A 2 kg object is dropped from rest. What is its kinetic energy after falling 3 m? (Use g = 10 m/s²)

22.Which of the following devices converts mechanical energy into electrical energy?

23.In an experiment to investigate the conservation of mechanical energy, a student releases a ball from rest at the top of a ramp and measures its speed at the bottom. Which of the following is the most important reason to use a ramp with a smooth surface?

24.A student sets up a pendulum and measures the period for small swings. Which of the following changes would increase the mechanical energy of the pendulum? (Select all that apply)

25.In an experiment to measure the speed of a trolley rolling down a ramp, using a light gate and data logger, the kinetic energy at the bottom can be calculated if the mass of the trolley is known.

26.Match each experimental setup with the type of energy conversion it demonstrates.

27.Place the following steps in the correct order for an experiment to determine the speed of a pendulum bob at its lowest point using energy conservation.

28.A student investigates the relationship between the compression of a spring and the maximum height reached by a ball. Which graph would best represent the expected relationship between compression distance (x) and maximum height (h)?

29.In a ball-drop experiment, if the ball is dropped from a height of 2.0 m and the measured speed just before hitting the ground is 5.5 m/s, this indicates that mechanical energy was conserved (use g = 9.8 m/s²).

30.A student performs an experiment where a marble rolls down a curved track and then launches horizontally off a table. The horizontal distance travelled is measured for different release heights. Which of the following is the most likely source of systematic error in determining the speed at launch from the horizontal distance?

31.Which of the following is the correct formula for kinetic energy?

32.Gravitational potential energy depends on which of the following?

33.Energy is a scalar quantity.

34.In an experiment to verify conservation of mechanical energy for a pendulum, which measurement is most critical?

35.Which of the following are examples of conservative forces? (Select all that apply)

36.In an inelastic collision, mechanical energy is conserved.

37.Match each energy form with its correct description.

38.Place the following events for a pendulum swinging from its highest point on the left to its highest point on the right, in the order they occur.

39.A student drops a 0.2 kg ball from a height of 2.0 m. She measures its speed just before it hits the ground as 5.5 m/s. What is the best conclusion from this experiment? (Use g = 9.8 m/s²)

40.Which of the following statements about the conservation of mechanical energy are true? (Select all that apply)

41.Complete the sentence:

42.Calculate the kinetic energy of a 2 kg object moving at 3 m/s.

43.What is the principle of conservation of mechanical energy?

44.A 0.5 kg ball is dropped from a height of 10 m. What is its gravitational potential energy relative to the ground? (Use g = 9.8 m/s²)

45.What is the formula for kinetic energy?

46.A 500 g object is moving at 4 m/s. Calculate its kinetic energy in joules.

47.Complete the sentence using the correct word.

48.Define gravitational potential energy.

49.A 2 kg object is moving at 5 m/s. Calculate its kinetic energy.

50.Complete the sentence about energy conservation.

51.What is the difference between a conservative force and a non-conservative force?

52.A 0.5 kg pendulum bob is released from a height of 0.2 m above its lowest point. Ignoring friction, what is its speed at the lowest point? Use g = 9.8 m/s².

53.Explain why a ball thrown upward has maximum potential energy at the top of its flight.

54.Explain why a real pendulum eventually stops swinging, even though its mechanical energy is conserved in theory.

55.Explain why a real pendulum eventually stops swinging, even though mechanical energy is conserved in theory.

56.Explain the energy transformations that occur when a ball is thrown upward and then falls back down, ignoring air resistance.

57.Describe how you would use a light gate and a data logger to measure the speed of a trolley at the bottom of a ramp, and explain how you would use this to verify conservation of mechanical energy.

58.Calculate the kinetic energy of a 2 kg object moving at 3 m/s.

59.A 0.5 kg ball is dropped from a height of 10 m. What is its gravitational potential energy relative to the ground? (Use g = 9.8 m/s²)

60.A 500 g object is moving at 4 m/s. Calculate its kinetic energy in joules.

61.A 2 kg object is moving at 5 m/s. Calculate its kinetic energy.

62.A 0.5 kg pendulum bob is released from a height of 0.2 m above its lowest point. Ignoring friction, what is its speed at the lowest point? Use g = 9.8 m/s².