Painting techniques

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Paint families and practical differences

Watercolour commonly uses transparent washes and reserved paper lights, while conventional gouache is often opaque and matte. Individual pigments vary, and conventional gouache may be reworked with water. Acrylic gouache is a different binder system.
Typical water-based acrylic uses an acrylic-polymer binder and is water-dilutable while wet. Conventional oils generally have a longer open working time. Formulation, thickness, media and environment affect drying; touch-dry and fully cured differ.

Compare typical handling

Application methods

Wet-on-wet can give diffused edges; wet-on-dry generally gives more defined ones in watercolour. Dry brush makes broken marks with relatively little moisture or paint. Impasto leaves raised paint ridges.
A wash is fluid application; a glaze is transparent over a lower passage; scumbling is a thin broken upper layer, often opaque or semi-opaque. Test the actual paint, paper and timing rather than expect a fixed appearance from a name.

Compare application techniques

Supports and grounds

Paper, woven canvas and panel are supports. Canvas can be stretched or mounted on a panel. A ground is a prepared surface layer; appropriate sizing or isolation may be separate.
Follow compatibility and preparation instructions for support and paint. Some supports arrive pre-primed. Modern acrylic gesso and traditional gesso are different; do not treat every product or surface as interchangeable.

Support versus preparation

Tools and care

Brush size, shape, point and handling affect the mark. A flat brush can cover broader planes, a fine round tip can make small controlled marks, and a knife can mix or apply paint.
Test tools on a sample and clean with the method suited to the actual paint. Wet acrylic is easier to remove before it binds the bristles; some watercolour can be rewetted, so dried paint does not universally ruin a brush.

Layering and studio decisions

Plan reserved white paper in a transparent watercolour approach. Lifting or opaque additions can sometimes change a passage, depending on pigments, paper and intention; correction is not simply impossible.
In suitable layered oil practice, fat over lean concerns relative oil content and film flexibility, not just thick over thin. Consider drying and compatibility with the chosen system. If solvents are used, follow ventilation and handling instructions; solvent-free and water-mixable oil methods also exist.

Choose the appropriate practice

Opacity and test swatches

Opaque layers substantially hide what is beneath; transparent layers allow it to remain visible. These are optical properties, not synonyms for dry or wet.
Compare pigment and thickness on a suitable test support. For a dry-underlayer glaze exercise, allow adequate drying to preserve the layers; conventional gouache can reactivate where ordinary acrylic behaves differently.

Judge the actual layer

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Câu hỏi luyện tập

Xem trước miễn phí — 8 trên 33 câu hỏi. Đăng ký để xem tất cả.

1.Which description best fits conventional watercolour used in transparent washes?
Easy
- Awater-dilutable paint often used to let the paper show through
- Bthick oil paint
- Cpermanent marker
- Dink
2.Which description best fits a typical water-based artist acrylic?
Easy
- Aslow-drying oil
- Bpencil
- Cchalk
- Dpaint with an acrylic-polymer binder, usually relatively quick to dry
3.Compared with ordinary quick-drying artist acrylic, what is a common working property of conventional oil paint?
Easy
- Atransparency only
- Bwater cleaning
- Ca generally longer open working time for blending
- Dfast drying
4.What is a wash?
Easy
- Aa print
- Ba thin layer of diluted paint
- Ca thick layer
- Da drawing
5.What is impasto?
Easy
- Athick paint showing brush or knife marks
- Ba thin wash
- Ca drawing
- Da print
6.In the watercolour exercise here, what is wet-on-dry?
Easy
- Apainting onto wet paper
- Bno paint
- Cdrawing
- Dapplying wet paint to dry paper, generally allowing more defined edges
7.What is dry brush?
Easy
- Athick paint
- Bink
- Cusing a relatively dry or lightly loaded brush for broken marks
- Dwet paint
8.What is scumbling?
Easy
- Adrawing
- Bdragging a thin broken layer of usually opaque or semi-opaque paint over a lower layer
- Cthick paint
- Da wash

Thêm câu hỏi

9.Which is a common painting use of a palette knife?
Easy
- Amixing and applying thick paint
- Bcutting paper
- Cdrawing
- Derasing
10.What is the main purpose of an appropriate acrylic gesso ground?
Easy
- Ato act as a final gloss varnish
- Bto replace the structural stretcher bars
- Cto guarantee every support is oil-ready without checking instructions
- Dto prepare a suitable surface for painting
11.Which description best fits conventional gouache?
Easy
- Aoil paint
- Bink
- Cwater-dilutable paint often used for opaque, matte colour
- Dtransparent paint
12.Why often plan from light to dark in a transparent watercolour study?
Medium
- Ano reason
- Breserved white paper can provide the lightest areas
- Cpaint is light
- Ddark colours dry first
13.What does 'fat over lean' mean in oil painting?
Medium
- Amake suitable later oil layers relatively richer in oil and more flexible, following the paint system
- Bthin over thick
- Cno rule
- Dpaint only thin
14.When a painting method uses volatile solvents, why follow ventilation instructions?
Medium
- Ato dry faster
- Bto cool paint
- Cno reason
- Dsolvent vapours can build up without appropriate air exchange
15.Why clean wet acrylic from brushes promptly using the recommended method?
Medium
- Apaint disappears
- Bno reason
- Cdried acrylic can bind the bristles and is harder to remove
- Dto waste water
16.Which brush shape is good for broad flat areas?
Medium
- Anone
- Bflat brush
- Cfine round brush
- Drigger
17.Which brush typically has a fine pointed tip useful for controlled small marks?
Medium
- Afine round brush
- Bbroad flat brush
- Csponge
- Dknife
18.Why might an artist choose a typical water-based acrylic rather than conventional oil for a quick-layering project?
Medium
- Ait dries slowly
- Bit needs solvents
- Cit cannot be layered
- Dits generally faster drying and water-based handling while wet suit the plan
19.Why might an artist choose watercolour for a landscape sky?
Medium
- Ait is opaque
- Bit is rough
- Cwashes can create soft, blended colour
- Dit is thick
20.How can glazing add depth in oil painting?
Medium
- Aopaque layers only
- Bthin transparent layers build rich colour
- Cone thick layer
- Dno layers
21.Why prime canvas?
Medium
- Ato prepare suitable absorbency and adhesion, with any required protection for the support
- Bto colour it
- Cto dry it
- Dto cut it
22.What is a support?
Easy
- Athe paint
- Bthe brush
- Cthe water
- Dthe surface you paint on
23.What is a canvas?
Easy
- Aa palette
- Ba paint
- Ca woven fabric support that may be stretched or mounted on a panel
- Da brush
24.What does 'opaque' mean?
Medium
- Adry
- Bnot see-through
- Csee-through
- Dwet
25.What does 'transparent' mean?
Medium
- Asee-through
- Bnot see-through
- Cwet
- Ddry
26.Conventional watercolour can be used in transparent washes with paper showing through.
Easy
True or false?
27.An ordinary quick-drying acrylic layer will usually become touch-dry sooner than a comparable conventional oil layer.
Easy
True or false?
28.Conventional oil paint that is not water-mixable can be diluted like watercolour using plain water alone.
Easy
True or false?
29.A glaze is a thin transparent layer.
Easy
True or false?
30.Gesso is a type of brush.
Medium
True or false?
31.Which describe paint-application techniques taught in this lesson?
Medium
- Awash
- Bglaze
- Cimpasto
- Ddry brush
- Ecasting
32.Which names paint media taught in this lesson?
Medium
- Awatercolour
- Bacrylic
- Coil
- Dgouache
- Ea charcoal drawing stick
33.Compare watercolour and acrylic paint.
Medium

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