Ethical, legal and environmental issues

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Ghi chú bài học

Legal issues

Data Protection Act 2018 / UK GDPR: personal data must be processed lawfully, kept accurate, secure and only as long as needed; people have rights to access and correct their data. Organisations must protect it.
The Computer Misuse Act 1990 covers offences involving unauthorised access and specified unauthorised acts affecting systems or data. Authorised editing and properly authorised security testing are different.
Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988: protects creators; copying, sharing or using protected works requires an appropriate licence, permission or an applicable legal exception.
Licensing: proprietary (use, modification and redistribution are controlled by the owner’s licence; it may be paid or free) versus open source (source available, can be modified, e.g. Linux); freeware, shareware.

Laws and their focus

Ethical issues

Privacy and surveillance (CCTV, tracking, facial recognition); algorithmic bias; artificial intelligence and automation (job losses, decisions made by machines); cyber-bullying; digital divide (unequal access).

Training data and fairness

Cultural and social

Consider misinformation, online safety, accessibility and unequal digital skills as well as access to hardware.
Data-protection rights include access and correction; erasure applies in specified circumstances and has exceptions. Consent is one possible lawful basis, not the only basis.

Environmental issues

Manufacturing uses energy and rare materials; e-waste contains toxic substances; energy use of data centres; recycling and reuse; benefits include smart grids and remote working that reduce travel.

Repair, reuse and recycling

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Câu hỏi luyện tập

Xem trước miễn phí — 8 trên 33 câu hỏi. Đăng ký để xem tất cả.

1.What is e-waste?
Easy
- Adiscarded electronic devices
- Belectronic mail
- Celectric power
- Delectronic money
2.What is copyright?
Easy
- Alegal protection for creators' work
- Ba type of software
- Ca programming rule
- Da network
3.What is proprietary software?
Easy
- Asoftware whose owner controls users’ permissions through a licence
- Bany software with no purchase charge
- Csoftware necessarily licensed as open source
- Dall computer games regardless of licence
4.What is open-source software?
Easy
- Asource code is available to view and modify
- Bsecret code
- Cpaid only
- Dhardware
5.What is the digital divide?
Easy
- Aunequal access to technology
- Ba type of cable
- Ca computer fault
- Da screen
6.Which law protects personal data?
Easy
- AData Protection Act
- BComputer Misuse Act
- CCopyright Act
- DHealth Act
7.What does the Computer Misuse Act forbid?
Easy
- Aunauthorised access and specified unauthorised acts affecting computers
- Ball authorised editing of documents
- Cordinary authorised use of email
- Dbuying licensed software
8.What is algorithmic bias?
Easy
- Aunfair outcomes from biased data or design
- Ba fast algorithm
- Ca random number
- Da sorting method

Thêm câu hỏi

9.What is a privacy concern about facial recognition?
Easy
- Apeople can be identified and tracked without consent
- Bit is too slow
- Cit is too cheap
- Dit is too small
10.What is a data centre?
Easy
- Aa building housing servers and storage
- Ba type of phone
- Ca school
- Da game
11.What is cyber-bullying?
Easy
- Ausing technology to harass others
- Ba virus
- Ca network
- Da game
12.Which is an environmental benefit of technology?
Medium
- Aremote working can reduce travel
- Bcreating more electronic waste
- Cunnecessary resource extraction
- Dwasting electricity
13.Which is an environmental problem of technology?
Medium
- Atoxic e-waste and high energy use
- Bfewer cars
- Cno waste
- Dless pollution
14.How can individuals reduce e-waste?
Medium
- Arepair, reuse and recycle devices
- Bthrow them away
- Cbuy more
- Dburn them
15.Why might automation worry workers?
Medium
- Amachines may replace some jobs
- Bmachines are slow
- Cmachines cost nothing
- Dno jobs exist
16.Which licence lets users share and modify code?
Medium
- Aopen-source licence
- Bproprietary licence
- Ccopyright only
- Dpatent
17.What must organisations do with personal data?
Medium
- Akeep it secure and use it lawfully
- Bsell it
- Cpublish it
- Dignore it
18.An audit finds an AI hiring tool treats equally qualified women less favourably because of biased training data. What issue does this demonstrate?
Medium
- Aalgorithmic bias
- Ba virus
- Ca hardware fault
- Da firewall
19.Someone copies and sells protected game software without permission or an applicable legal exception. Which law is most directly relevant?
Medium
- ACopyright, Designs and Patents Act
- BComputer Misuse Act
- CData Protection Act
- Dnone
20.When consent is the appropriate basis for collecting personal data, why should the organisation request it clearly?
Medium
- Apeople have a right to control their information
- Bit saves money
- Cit speeds the website
- Dit is not needed
21.What does the right to erasure allow in applicable circumstances?
Medium
- Apeople can ask for their data to be erased
- Bpeople are famous
- Cpeople forget passwords
- Dpeople log in
22.What does GDPR stand for?
Easy
- AGeneral Data Protection Regulation
- BGeneral Digital Privacy Rule
- CGlobal Data Protection Rule
- DGovernment Data Privacy Regulation
23.What is a patent?
Easy
- Aprotects an invention
- Ba type of virus
- Ca type of software
- Da cable
24.What are smart grids?
Medium
- Aelectricity networks using technology to manage supply efficiently
- Bslow grids
- Cpaper grids
- Dbroken grids
25.What is surveillance?
Medium
- Amonitoring people's activities
- Bdeleting data
- Cencrypting data
- Dsorting data
26.The Computer Misuse Act covers unauthorised access.
Easy
True or false?
27.E-waste can harm the environment.
Easy
True or false?
28.Open-source software hides its source code.
Easy
True or false?
29.Data protection law gives people rights over their data.
Easy
True or false?
30.Everyone has equal access to technology.
Medium
True or false?
31.Which form part of the UK legal framework relevant to computing?
Medium
- AData Protection Act 2018
- BComputer Misuse Act 1990
- CCopyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988
- DUK GDPR
- EHighway Code
32.Which are ethical issues?
Medium
- Aprivacy
- Balgorithmic bias
- Cautomation and employment effects
- Dsurveillance
- Ea serial-number format considered without any social consequences
33.Discuss one benefit and one drawback of using facial recognition in public spaces.
Medium

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