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Dành cho nhà giáo dục: slide bài học, ghi chú ôn tập sẵn dùng cho Writing to argue and persuade (English Language, Writing) — dùng trong bài giảng của bạn, hoặc chạy chủ đề như một hoạt động lớp học tương tác để người học chơi như một trò chơi trực tiếp.
To argue is to present reasons for a viewpoint; to persuade is to move the reader to agree or act. Exam tasks include articles, speeches and letters on topics such as homework, social media, or the environment.
You need a clear viewpoint and a sense of audience (the person or group you are writing to).
Build the reasoning
Techniques (use the acronym DAFOREST)
An acronym such as DAFOREST is a memory aid for possible choices, not an assessment checklist. Direct address, anecdotes, evidence, opinion, rhetorical questions, emotive language and triplets can work when relevant.
Repetition, contrast, hyperbole and imperatives can shape an appeal. Distinguish a counter-argument from its rebuttal. Check factual evidence rather than inventing surveys or treating anecdotes as representative samples.
Check the support
Structure
Use a clear opening, connected developed points and a purposeful conclusion. Address alternatives where useful. A call to action is appropriate for some tasks; a supported judgement may suit others.
Use connectives: "Furthermore", "However", "Therefore", "Above all".
Addressing an audience
Tone and register
Choose register and tone for the actual relationship, purpose and situation. A speech to students can be serious or conversational; a formal letter normally uses suitable formal language. Confidence should come from clear reasoning rather than unsupported certainty.
Slide
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