Present tense: regular, irregular and reflexive verbs
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Regular present forms
- Remove -ar, -er or -ir and add the present ending: hablo, comes, vive. Nosotros forms differ: hablamos, comemos, vivimos. Keep the written accents in habláis, coméis and vivís.
- The table includes vosotros/as and ustedes; their use varies across Spanish-speaking regions. Usted takes the él/ella verb form, and ustedes takes the ellos/ellas form. Subject pronouns can be omitted when the form and context make the person clear.
Regular present indicative
Selected irregular present verbs
- Ser has soy, eres, es, somos, sois, son; ir has voy, vas, va, vamos, vais, van. Estar and tener have their own patterns too: estoy/estás, tengo/tienes.
- Some verbs change only particular present forms: hacer → hago and saber → sé for yo. Venir combines vengo with vienes and venimos; do not turn every form into a copy of the yo form.
Four useful irregular verbs
Stem-changing present forms
- Useful examples are quiero (e → ie), puedo and duermo (o → ue), pido (e → i) and juego (u → ue). The changed vowel belongs to the stressed stem in these forms.
- Their nosotros/as and vosotros/as present forms retain the unchanged vowel: queremos/queréis, podemos/podéis, dormimos/dormís, pedimos/pedís, jugamos/jugáis. These examples do not define every verb or every tense.
Changed and unchanged present stems
Pronominal routines
- Levantarse gives me levanto, te levantas, se levanta, nos levantamos, os levantáis, se levantan. Match both the pronoun and verb to the subject. Me levanto means I get up, not a literal translation of every English self.
- For an ordinary negative present statement use no + pronoun + verb: no me levanto temprano. Infinitives attach the pronoun, as in levantarme; commands have their own placement rules, so do not generalise this statement order to every verb form.
Match pronoun and present verb
Ser and estar in context
- Soy estudiante, es profesora and son las dos use ser for identification, profession and clock time. Madrid está en España locates a city and estoy cansado/cansada describes a state.
- A location can be lasting and still use estar; a profession can change and still use ser. Events have a different location construction: la reunión es aquí. Learn the actual pattern rather than permanent versus temporary as an absolute rule.
Read the construction, not just permanence
Negatives and concord
- No hablo francés puts no before the verb. No como nunca carne and nunca como carne are alternative negative patterns; a preceding nunca normally supplies the negative without an extra no.
- No veo a nadie means I do not see anyone; nadie means nobody and nada nothing. Tampoco means not either. Spanish negative concord does not work like a mechanical English double-negative cancellation.
Two positions for negative words
Asking questions
- ¿Hablas inglés? uses an appropriate present ending and opening/closing question marks. The subject may be omitted; Spanish does not insert an English do auxiliary into this example.
- Question words carry accents: qué, dónde, cuándo, cómo, quién, cuánto. ¿Por qué? means why; porque commonly means because in a reply. Keep the space and accent distinction.
Question words
Present constructions and an invented model
- Estudio español can describe a current or habitual activity depending on context. Llevo dos años aprendiendo español describes learning continuing over two years up to now: llevar + duration + gerund.
- In a recent-completion context, acabo de comer means I have just eaten: present acabar + de + infinitive. These constructions do not map word for word onto English tense names; read the whole message.
- Me levanto a las siete. Voy al instituto. Estudio español por la tarde. No como en la cantina. This invented model does not require the learner to reveal their daily timetable.
- Identify the matched me/levanto, irregular voy, regular estudio and negative no como. Another coherent routine is valid; check the requested subject, accent and word order.
Constructions need their links
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Câu hỏi luyện tập
Xem trước miễn phí — 8 trên 39 câu hỏi. Đăng ký để xem tất cả.
1.What is the yo form of hablar in the present indicative?
Easy- Ahablo
- Bhabla
- Chablas
- Dhablan
2.What is the tú form of comer in the present indicative?
Easy- Acome
- Bcomo
- Ccomen
- Dcomes
3.What is the él form of vivir in the present indicative?
Easy- Avivo
- Bviven
- Cvive
- Dvives
4.What is the nosotros form of vivir in the present indicative?
Easy- Avivís
- Bvivimos
- Cvivemos
- Dviven
5.What is the vosotros form of ser in the present indicative?
Easy- Asois
- Bsos
- Cson
- Dsomos
6.What is the nosotros form of ir in the present indicative?
Easy- Avais
- Bvan
- Cvoy
- Dvamos
7.What is the yo form of hacer in the present indicative?
Easy- Ahace
- Bhacemos
- Chago
- Dhacio
8.What is the yo form of estar in the present indicative?
Easy- Aestá
- Bestoy
- Cesto
- Destás
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