Acids and metals
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General Reaction
- With dilute hydrochloric or dilute sulfuric acid, metal + acid → salt + hydrogen.
- Hydrogen bubbles form at the metal; the mixture may also get warmer.
- Metals above hydrogen in the reactivity series can displace it from these dilute acids.
- Copper and gold do not react with dilute hydrochloric acid.
Reactivity and Vigour
- Under the same conditions, a more reactive metal usually fizzes faster.
- The reactivity series orders metals from most to least reactive.
- Magnesium reacts more vigorously than iron with dilute hydrochloric acid.
- Aluminium has a protective oxide layer, so its visible reaction rate is not always predicted by position alone.
Hydrochloric Acid Reactions
- Hydrochloric acid forms metal chlorides.
- Example: iron + hydrochloric acid → iron chloride + hydrogen
- Example: magnesium + hydrochloric acid → magnesium chloride + hydrogen
Sulfuric Acid Reactions
- Sulfuric acid forms metal sulfates.
- Example: zinc + dilute sulfuric acid → zinc sulfate + hydrogen
- Example: aluminium + dilute sulfuric acid → aluminium sulfate + hydrogen
Nitric Acid Reactions
- Nitric acid can form metal nitrates, but metal reactions usually do not release hydrogen.
- Concentrated nitric acid reacts with copper to make copper nitrate and toxic brown nitrogen dioxide.
- This reaction must be demonstrated in a fume cupboard.
Non-Reactive Metals
- Copper and gold do not react with dilute hydrochloric acid because they are below hydrogen in the reactivity series.
- Copper can react with nitric acid, while gold does not react with nitric acid alone.
States of matter: particle arrangement in solid, liquid, and gas.
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Câu hỏi luyện tập
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1.Complete the general word equation for the reaction between a metal and an acid: metal + acid →
Easy- Asalt + hydrogen
- Bsalt + water
- Cmetal oxide + hydrogen
- Dmetal chloride + hydrogen
2.What is the product when magnesium reacts with hydrochloric acid?
Easy- Amagnesium chloride and hydrogen
- Bmagnesium sulfate and hydrogen
- Cmagnesium nitrate and hydrogen
- Dmagnesium oxide and hydrogen
3.Which of the following is a sign that a chemical reaction is occurring when a metal is placed in an acid?
Medium- Atemperature rise
- Btemperature drop
- Ccolour change only
- Dprecipitate formation
4.Why is there no reaction between gold and hydrochloric acid?
Medium- AGold is less reactive than hydrogen.
- BGold is more reactive than hydrogen.
- CGold does not react with any acid.
- DGold is a noble gas.
5.What salt is formed when zinc reacts with dilute sulfuric acid?
Easy- Azinc sulfate
- Bzinc chloride
- Czinc nitrate
- Dzinc oxide
6.Which metal would react most vigorously with hydrochloric acid?
Medium- Acalcium
- Bmagnesium
- Czinc
- Diron
7.Which of the following reactions will NOT occur?
Medium- Acopper + sulfuric acid
- Bzinc + hydrochloric acid
- Cmagnesium + nitric acid
- Diron + hydrochloric acid
8.A student adds a metal to an acid and observes fizzing. Which metal is most likely being used?
Easy- Amagnesium
- Bcopper
- Cgold
- Dsilver
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