Energy resources

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Energy Resources Overview

Electricity is generated using non-renewable or renewable resources.
Non-renewable resources cannot be replaced once used; they will eventually run out.
Renewable resources will not run out and are more sustainable.

Non-Renewable Resources

The three fossil fuels are oil, coal, and gas.
Nuclear power is also non-renewable.
Fossil fuels are used in power plants, transport (petrol/diesel), and heating (gas, coal).
Advantage: they provide a reliable output.
Disadvantage: burning fossil fuels releases CO₂ (a greenhouse gas) causing global warming.
Burning coal and oil also produces sulphur dioxide, leading to acid rain.
Nuclear power has no CO₂ or SO₂ emissions but produces radioactive waste, which is hard to dispose of safely.

Renewable Resources

Wind power: no CO₂ emissions, cheap to run, but unreliable (not always windy), noisy, and spoils the view.
Hydro-electric power: requires flooding a valley with a dam, causing habitat loss.
Solar power: only works in direct sunlight, so no electricity at night.

Advantages of Renewables

Renewables produce no CO₂ emissions, so they do not contribute to global warming.
Once built, they have no fuel costs and are cheap to run.
They help reduce reliance on fossil fuels, which can be subject to price rises and shortages (e.g., 2022 energy crisis).

Key Comparisons

Non-renewables: reliable but polluting (fossil fuels) or produce radioactive waste (nuclear).
Renewables: clean but often unreliable (wind, solar) or cause habitat loss (hydro).

Particle arrangement in solids, liquids, and gases (not directly related but useful for understanding energy transfer).

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1.What is a non-renewable resource?
Easy
- AA resource that can be replaced quickly after use
- BA resource that cannot be replaced once it has been used
- CA resource that is always available
- DA resource that does not produce pollution
2.Which of the following are the three fossil fuels?
Easy
- AOil, coal, and gas
- BOil, wood, and gas
- CCoal, nuclear, and gas
- DOil, coal, and uranium
3.What is a renewable resource?
Easy
- AA resource that cannot be replaced
- BA resource that will not run out
- CA resource that produces carbon dioxide
- DA resource that is only used for transport
4.Which of the following is a renewable energy resource?
Easy
- ACoal
- BNatural gas
- CWind
- DNuclear fuel
5.Which is a disadvantage of burning fossil fuels?
Easy
- AThey produce reliable output
- BThey increase carbon dioxide in the atmosphere
- CThey are cheap to run
- DThey produce no waste
6.Other than in power plants, fossil fuels can be used for:
Easy
- AOnly heating
- BOnly transport
- CBoth transport and heating
- DNeither transport nor heating
7.What is a general advantage of using renewable energy resources?
Easy
- AThey produce reliable output all the time
- BThey do not produce carbon dioxide emissions
- CThey are always cheap to build
- DThey do not require any fuel
8.In a hydroelectric power station, water is stored behind a dam. What energy store does the water have initially, and what store is it transferred to as it falls?
Medium
- AKinetic to gravitational potential
- BGravitational potential to kinetic
- CChemical to kinetic
- DThermal to gravitational potential

Thêm câu hỏi

9.Which fossil fuels produce sulphur dioxide emissions, and what does sulphur dioxide lead to?
Medium
- ACoal and gas; leads to global warming
- BCoal and oil; leads to acid rain
- COil and gas; leads to smog
- DAll fossil fuels; leads to ozone depletion
10.A wind turbine does not generate electricity on a calm day. Which term best describes the output of a wind turbine?
Easy
- AUnreliable
- BRenewable
- CClean
- DEfficient
11.A hydroelectric power station has a dam that creates a reservoir. Which of the following is a disadvantage of this method?
Medium
- AIt produces carbon dioxide
- BIt causes loss of habitat
- CIt is unreliable
- DIt produces radioactive waste
12.A town currently gets its electricity from a coal-fired power station. The town council is considering replacing it with a solar farm. Which of the following is a valid disadvantage of solar power compared to coal?
Medium
- ASolar power produces carbon dioxide
- BSolar power does not work at night
- CSolar power produces radioactive waste
- DSolar power is more reliable
13.The table shows the energy output (in megawatt-hours) of a wind farm over five days. On which day did the wind farm generate the most electricity?
Easy
- AMonday
- BTuesday
- CWednesday
- DThursday
14.Which of the following is a correct statement about nuclear power?
Easy
- AIt produces carbon dioxide
- BIt produces radioactive waste
- CIt is a renewable resource
- DIt produces sulphur dioxide
15.A country plans to increase its use of renewable energy to reduce reliance on fossil fuels. Which of the following is a reason why renewable energy helps reduce reliance on fossil fuels?
Medium
- ARenewable resources are cheaper than fossil fuels
- BRenewable resources do not run out
- CRenewable resources produce more energy
- DRenewable resources are always available
16.Which of the following is a non-renewable energy resource?
Easy
- ASolar
- BWind
- CNuclear
- DHydroelectric
17.A power station burns coal to generate electricity. Which of the following gases released by this power station contributes to global warming?
Easy
- ASulphur dioxide
- BCarbon dioxide
- CNitrogen oxides
- DOxygen
18.A student states: 'Nuclear power is a renewable resource because it does not produce carbon dioxide.' Is this statement correct?
Medium
- AYes, because it does not produce carbon dioxide
- BNo, because it produces radioactive waste
- CNo, because it uses uranium which is finite
- DYes, because it is clean
19.Which of the following is a disadvantage of using wind turbines to generate electricity?
Easy
- AThey produce carbon dioxide
- BThey are noisy and spoil the view
- CThey are expensive to run
- DThey produce radioactive waste
20.What is the main advantage of using fossil fuels in a power plant?
Easy
- AThey are renewable
- BThey produce no pollution
- CThey provide a reliable output
- DThey are cheap
21.A student investigates how the number of blades on a wind turbine affects the power output. Which of the following should the student keep the same to ensure a fair test?
Medium
- AThe number of blades
- BThe wind speed
- CThe power output
- DThe type of generator
22.A hydroelectric power station has an efficiency of 80%. The gravitational potential energy of the water is 500 MJ per second. What is the useful electrical power output?
Hard
- A400 MW
- B500 MW
- C625 MW
- D80 MW
23.Which of the following is a disadvantage of using wind turbines?
Easy
- AThey produce carbon dioxide
- BThey produce radioactive waste
- CThey are noisy and spoil the view
- DThey require flooding of valleys
24.A student compares the energy output of a solar panel at different times of day. Which of the following graphs would best show the relationship between time of day and power output?
Medium
- ABar chart
- BLine graph
- CPie chart
- DScatter graph
25.A coal-fired power station produces 2000 MW of electrical power. It releases 5000 MW of thermal energy to the environment. What is the efficiency of the power station?
Hard
- A40%
- B28.6%
- C71.4%
- D60%
26.In a hydroelectric power station, water falls from a height. Which of the following energy transfers occurs?
Easy
- AKinetic to gravitational potential
- BGravitational potential to kinetic
- CChemical to thermal
- DNuclear to electrical
27.Which of the following gases is produced when burning fossil fuels and contributes to global warming?
Easy
- AOxygen
- BNitrogen
- CCarbon dioxide
- DSulphur dioxide
28.A student wants to compare the energy output of a solar panel at different angles. Which of the following pieces of equipment is essential for this investigation?
Medium
- AAmmeter
- BThermometer
- CProtractor
- DBalance
29.A wind farm has 10 turbines, each with a maximum power output of 2 MW. On a particular day, the total output is 8 MW. What is the capacity factor?
Medium
- A40%
- B80%
- C20%
- D50%
30.Which of the following statements about nuclear power is correct?
Easy
- AIt produces carbon dioxide
- BIt produces sulphur dioxide
- CIt produces radioactive waste
- DIt is a renewable resource
31.A student measures the energy output of a solar panel every hour from 6 am to 6 pm. Which of the following is the most likely result?
Easy
- AOutput is highest at 6 am
- BOutput is highest at 12 pm
- COutput is constant throughout the day
- DOutput is highest at 6 pm
32.Which of the following is a disadvantage of burning fossil fuels?
Easy
- AThey produce reliable output
- BThey increase carbon dioxide in the atmosphere
- CThey are cheap to run
- DThey do not produce sulphur dioxide
33.A town currently gets its electricity from a coal-fired power station. The town council is considering replacing it with a solar farm. Which of the following is a disadvantage of using solar power?
Medium
- AIt produces carbon dioxide
- BIt only works in direct sunlight
- CIt is expensive to run once built
- DIt produces radioactive waste
34.A country plans to increase its use of renewable energy to reduce reliance on fossil fuels. Which of the following is a reason why renewable energy helps reduce reliance?
Easy
- ARenewable energy is always available
- BRenewable energy does not produce pollution
- CRenewable energy can replace fossil fuels for electricity generation
- DRenewable energy is cheaper than fossil fuels
35.A country generates 40% of its electricity from coal, 30% from natural gas, 20% from nuclear power, and 10% from wind. What percentage of its electricity comes from renewable resources?
Medium
- A10%
- B30%
- C40%
- D70%
36.A hydroelectric power station has an efficiency of 75%. The water falls from a height of 50 m at a rate of 2000 kg/s. (Take g = 10 N/kg.) What is the electrical power output?
Hard
- A75 kW
- B750 kW
- C7500 kW
- D75000 kW
37.The graph shows the power output of a wind turbine over 24 hours. At which time was the wind speed likely highest? (Assume a direct relationship between wind speed and power output.)
Medium
- A6:00
- B12:00
- C18:00
- D24:00
38.Which of the following is a disadvantage of nuclear power?
Easy
- AIt produces carbon dioxide
- BIt produces sulphur dioxide
- CIt produces radioactive waste
- DIt has unreliable output
39.A student investigates the power output of a solar panel at different angles. The panel is placed at angles of 0°, 30°, 60°, and 90° to the horizontal. The power output is measured in watts. Which of the following results is most likely?
Medium
- A0°: 100 W, 30°: 80 W, 60°: 50 W, 90°: 20 W
- B0°: 20 W, 30°: 50 W, 60°: 80 W, 90°: 100 W
- C0°: 50 W, 30°: 100 W, 60°: 50 W, 90°: 0 W
- D0°: 100 W, 30°: 100 W, 60°: 100 W, 90°: 100 W
40.In 2022, an energy crisis led to shortages of oil and gas. Which of the following is a reason why increasing renewable energy use can help reduce the impact of such crises?
Medium
- ARenewable resources are cheaper to build
- BRenewable resources are not affected by fuel shortages
- CRenewable resources produce more energy
- DRenewable resources are always available
41.Nuclear power is a renewable resource.
Easy
True or false?
42.Wind power has an unreliable output.
Easy
True or false?
43.Solar power generates electricity at night.
Easy
True or false?
44.Which of the following is an advantage of using a non-renewable resource in a power plant?
Easy
- AIt produces no carbon dioxide
- BIt is cheap to run once built
- CIt produces a reliable output
- DIt will never run out
45.Match each renewable resource to its disadvantage.
Medium
- Wind
- Hydroelectric
- Solar
- Only works in direct sunlight
- Unreliable output, noisy, spoils the view
- Requires flooding of a valley, loss of habitat
46.Match each energy resource to its correct category (non-renewable or renewable).
Easy
- Coal
- Wind
- Nuclear
- Hydroelectric
- Non-renewable
- Renewable
- Non-renewable
- Renewable
47.Arrange the following energy resources in order from most to least reliable output (1 = most reliable, 4 = least reliable).
Medium
- Solar power
- Gas-fired power station
- Wind power
- Nuclear power
48.Which of the following are disadvantages of using fossil fuels? (Select all that apply)
Medium
- AThey produce carbon dioxide, a greenhouse gas.
- BThey have an unreliable output.
- CThey produce radioactive waste.
- DThey contribute to global warming.
- EBurning coal and oil produces sulphur dioxide.
49.Nuclear power is a non-renewable resource.
Easy
True or false?
50.A country generates 40% of its electricity from coal, 30% from natural gas, 20% from nuclear power, and 10% from wind. What percentage of its electricity comes from non-renewable resources?
Medium
- A90%
- B70%
- C60%
- D40%
51.Complete the sentence.
Easy
The three fossil fuels are ____, ____, and ____.
52.State one disadvantage of burning fossil fuels.
Easy
53.Other than in power plants, state two uses of fossil fuels.
Easy
54.Complete the sentence about the energy crisis.
Easy
In 2022, an energy crisis led to shortages of ____ and ____, increasing the price of electricity.
55.A hydroelectric power station has an efficiency of 80%. The gravitational potential energy of the water is 500 MJ per second. What is the useful electrical power output in MW? (1 MW = 1 MJ/s)
Medium
56.State one disadvantage of using hydroelectric power.
Easy
57.A hydroelectric power station has an efficiency of 75%. The water falls from a height of 50 m at a rate of 2000 kg/s. (Take g = 10 N/kg.) What is the electrical power output in megawatts?
Hard
58.Describe one advantage of using renewable energy resources.
Medium
59.A hydroelectric power station has an efficiency of 80%. The gravitational potential energy of the water is 500 MJ per second. What is the useful electrical power output in MW? (1 MW = 1 MJ/s)
Medium
- A480 MW
- B400 MW
- C360 MW
- D440 MW
60.A hydroelectric power station has an efficiency of 75%. The water falls from a height of 50 m at a rate of 2000 kg/s. (Take g = 10 N/kg.) What is the electrical power output in megawatts?
Hard
- A1.75 MW
- B-0.25 MW
- C0.75 MW
- D2.75 MW

Ghi chú ôn tập

## Energy Resources Revision Notes ### Non-Renewable Resources - **Definition**: Cannot be replaced once used; will run out. - **Examples**: Fossil fuels (oil, coal, gas) and nuclear power. - **Fossil fuel uses**: Power plants, transport (petrol/diesel from oil), heating (gas central heating, coal fires). - **Advantage**: Reliable output. - **Disadvantages**: - Burning fossil fuels releases CO₂ (greenhouse gas) → global warming. - Burning coal/oil releases SO₂ → acid rain. - Nuclear power: no CO₂/SO₂, but produces radioactive waste (difficult to dispose of safely). ### Renewable Resources - **Definition**: Will not run out. - **Examples**: Wind, hydroelectric, solar. - **Advantages**: No CO₂ emissions (no contribution to global warming), once built no fuel costs (cheap to run). - **Disadvantages**: - Wind: unreliable (not always windy), noisy, spoils view. - Hydroelectric: requires flooding a valley (loss of habitat). - Solar: only works in direct sunlight (no generation at night). ### Energy Crisis (2022) - Shortages of oil/gas increased electricity prices. - Renewable resources help reduce reliance on fossil fuels.

Non-renewable resource: A resource that cannot be replaced once it has been used; will run out.
Fossil fuels: Oil, coal, and gas; formed from ancient organisms; burned for energy.
Nuclear power: Energy from nuclear reactions; non-renewable; produces radioactive waste.
Renewable resource: A resource that will not run out.
Global warming: Raising of the average temperature of Earth due to greenhouse gases like CO₂.
Acid rain: Rain made acidic by sulphur dioxide emissions from burning coal and oil.
Greenhouse gas: Gas (e.g., CO₂) that traps heat in the atmosphere, contributing to global warming.
Hydroelectric power: Electricity generated by water falling from a height behind a dam.

Thẻ ghi nhớ

What are the two categories of energy resources for generating electricity?

Non-renewable and renewable.

Define a non-renewable resource.

A resource that cannot be replaced once used and will eventually run out.

List the three fossil fuels.

Oil, coal, and gas.

Name two non-renewable resources besides fossil fuels.

Nuclear power.

What are two uses of fossil fuels besides power plants?

Transport (e.g., petrol/diesel in cars) and heating (e.g., gas central heating, coal fireplaces).

What is the main advantage of non-renewable resources in power plants?

They produce a reliable output.

What is the main disadvantage of burning fossil fuels?

It increases carbon dioxide (CO2) in the atmosphere, a greenhouse gas causing global warming.

What pollutant from burning coal and oil contributes to acid rain?

Sulphur dioxide.

What is a disadvantage of nuclear power?

It produces radioactive waste that is difficult to dispose of safely.

What is an advantage of nuclear power?

It generates a reliable and large output without CO2 or sulphur dioxide emissions.

Define a renewable resource.

A resource that will not run out.

List three renewable resources.

Wind, hydroelectric, and solar.

What is an advantage of wind power?

No carbon dioxide emissions, so it does not contribute to global warming, and once built, no fuel costs.

What are two disadvantages of wind power?

Unreliable output (not always windy), noisy, and spoils the view.

What is a disadvantage of hydroelectric power?

Requires flooding a valley with a dam, causing loss of habitat.

What is a disadvantage of solar power?

Only works in direct sunlight, so does not generate electricity at night.

Why are we using more renewable resources for electricity?

To reduce reliance on fossil fuels and help avoid energy crises like the 2022 shortage.

True or false: Nuclear power is a renewable resource.

False. Nuclear power is non-renewable.

True or false: Wind power has an unreliable output.

True.

True or false: Solar power generates electricity at night.

False.

What is the initial energy store of water in hydroelectric power?

Gravitational potential energy.

What energy store does water transfer to as it falls in hydroelectric power?

Kinetic energy.

Which fossil fuels produce sulphur dioxide emissions?

Coal and oil.

What is the advantage of burning fossil fuels in a power plant?

They produce a reliable output.

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