Elements, compounds and mixtures
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练习题
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1.Which of the following is an example of a chemical compound?
Easy- AOxygen gas (O₂)
- BGold (Au)
- CWater (H₂O)
- DIron (Fe)
2.A mixture can be separated into its components by physical methods.
EasyTrue or false?
3.Which statement about elements and compounds is correct?
Easy- AAn element contains two or more types of atoms.
- BA compound contains only one type of atom.
- CA compound contains two or more elements chemically combined.
- DA mixture has a fixed composition.
4.Which of the following are pure substances? (Select all that apply)
Medium- ASalt water
- BOxygen gas (O₂)
- CCarbon dioxide (CO₂)
- DAir
- EGold (Au)
5.Match each term with its correct description.
Easy- Element
- Compound
- Mixture
- Made of one type of atom
- Two or more elements chemically bonded
- Two or more substances physically combined
6.Arrange the following in order of increasing complexity: compound, element, mixture.
Easy- Element
- Compound
- Mixture
7.A student is given a sample that appears uniform and cannot be separated into components by filtration. However, when heated, it decomposes into two different gases. The original sample is most likely a:
Medium- Amixture
- Bcompound
- Celement
- Dsolution
8.The chemical formula of a compound shows the number of atoms of each element present in one molecule.
EasyTrue or false?
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9.Match each type of chemical bond to the type of compound it typically forms.
Medium- Covalent bond
- Ionic bond
- Metallic bond
- Molecular compound
- Ionic compound
- Intermetallic compound
10.Arrange the following in the order they were historically proposed: Aristotle's four elements, Boyle's corpuscles, Dalton's atomic theory, Mendeleev's periodic table.
Medium- Aristotle's four elements
- Boyle's corpuscles
- Dalton's atomic theory
- Mendeleev's periodic table
11.Which of the following are examples of chemical compounds? (Select all that apply)
Easy- AH₂O
- BO₂
- CNaCl
- DFe
12.A substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances by chemical means is called:
Easy- Aa compound
- Ba mixture
- Can element
- Da solution
13.A molecule of oxygen (O₂) is considered a chemical compound.
EasyTrue or false?
14.Which of the following statements about non-stoichiometric compounds is correct?
Hard- AThey have fixed proportions of elements that are always whole numbers.
- BThey cannot be represented by a simple integer ratio of atoms.
- CThey are always gases at room temperature.
- DThey are not considered chemical compounds.
15.Which of the following is a mixture?
Easy- APure water
- BSalt
- CAir
- DCarbon dioxide
16.Match each term to its correct description.
Easy- Element
- Compound
- Mixture
- Contains only one type of atom
- Contains two or more elements chemically bonded
- Contains two or more substances physically combined
17.Arrange the following substances in order of increasing complexity: compound, element, mixture.
Easy- element
- compound
- mixture
18.A student is given a white powder. When heated strongly, it decomposes into a colourless gas and a black solid. The original powder could be classified as:
Medium- Aan element
- Ba compound
- Ca mixture
- Da solution
19.A molecule of ozone (O₃) is a chemical compound.
EasyTrue or false?
20.Which of the following are chemical compounds? (Select all that apply)
Medium- ACO₂
- BNaCl
- CO₂
- DH₂O
- EFe
21.Match each substance to its classification.
Medium- Bronze
- Carbon dioxide
- Oxygen gas
- Salt water
- Compound
- Element
- Mixture
22.The ancient Greek philosopher Aristotle believed that all matter was made of four elements: earth, air, fire, and water. According to modern chemistry, which of these is actually an element?
Medium- AEarth
- BAir
- CFire
- DNone of them
23.A sample of a substance is analysed and found to contain 5.85 g of sodium and 9.00 g of chlorine. Is this substance an element, compound, or mixture?
Medium- AElement
- BCompound
- CMixture
- DCannot be determined
24.A student is given a sample of a white crystalline solid. When heated, it melts and then decomposes, releasing a colourless gas that turns limewater milky. The solid conducts electricity when dissolved in water. Which of the following is the most likely classification of the solid?
Hard- AElement
- BCompound
- CMixture
- DAlloy
25.A mixture can be separated into its components by physical methods such as filtration or distillation.
EasyTrue or false?
26.A student has a sample of a grey powder. When a magnet is passed over it, some of the powder is attracted. The remaining powder is then dissolved in water, and the solution is filtered. A black solid remains on the filter paper, and the filtrate is colourless. The original sample is best classified as:
Medium- AA compound
- BA mixture
- CAn element
- DA pure substance
27.A student is given a sample that appears uniform and cannot be separated into components by filtration. However, when heated, it decomposes into two different gases. The original sample is best classified as:
Medium- AElement
- BCompound
- CMixture
- DSolution
28.The ancient Greek philosopher Aristotle believed that all matter was made of four elements: earth, air, fire, and water. According to modern chemistry, which of these four is actually an element?
Easy- AEarth
- BAir
- CFire
- DNone of them
29.Arrange the following in order of increasing complexity: atom, molecule of element, molecule of compound, mixture.
Medium- atom
- molecule of element
- molecule of compound
- mixture
30.Which of the following is a chemical compound?
Easy- AOxygen gas (O₂)
- BIron (Fe)
- CWater (H₂O)
- DAir
31.A molecule consisting of atoms of only one element is considered a chemical compound.
EasyTrue or false?
32.Match each substance to its correct classification (element, compound, or mixture).
Medium- Iron (Fe)
- Salt (NaCl)
- Air
- Element
- Compound
- Mixture
33.Arrange the following in order of increasing complexity (simplest first): atom, molecule of compound, molecule of element, mixture.
Medium- atom
- molecule of element
- molecule of compound
- mixture
34.According to the source, who first used the term 'compound' with a meaning similar to the modern one?
Medium- AAristotle
- BRobert Boyle
- CIsaac Watts
- DMendeleev
35.Arrange the following in the order they were historically proposed (earliest first): Dalton's atomic theory, Mendeleev's periodic table, Boyle's corpuscles, Aristotle's four elements.
Medium- Aristotle's four elements
- Boyle's corpuscles
- Dalton's atomic theory
- Mendeleev's periodic table
36.A sample of a substance is heated and decomposes into two different gases. The original substance is most likely:
Medium- Aan element
- Ba compound
- Ca mixture
- Da solution
37.A student is given a sample of a grey powder. When a magnet is passed over it, some of the powder is attracted. The remaining powder is then dissolved in water, and the solution is filtered. A black solid remains on the filter paper, and a blue solution passes through. How many different substances are present in the original sample?
Hard- A1
- B2
- C3
- D4
38.Which of the following are methods that can be used to separate a mixture into its components? (Select all that apply)
Medium- AFiltration
- BDistillation
- CChemical reaction
- DEvaporation
- EChromatography
39.A compound can be separated into its elements by physical methods such as filtration or distillation.
EasyTrue or false?
40.Arrange the following in order of increasing complexity (simplest first): molecule of water (H₂O), atom of oxygen, mixture of hydrogen and oxygen gases, molecule of oxygen (O₂).
Medium- Atom of oxygen
- Molecule of oxygen (O₂)
- Molecule of water (H₂O)
- Mixture of hydrogen and oxygen gases
41.Complete the sentence:
EasyA substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances by chemical means is called an ____.
42.How many different types of atoms are present in a molecule of sulfuric acid (H₂SO₄)?
Easy43.What is the chemical formula for water?
Easy44.Complete the sentence: A substance made of two or more different elements chemically bonded together in fixed proportions is called a ___.
EasyA substance made of two or more different elements chemically bonded together in fixed proportions is called a ____.
45.A sample of a compound contains 2.0 g of hydrogen and 16.0 g of oxygen. What is the mass of oxygen that would combine with 5.0 g of hydrogen to form the same compound?
Hard46.Complete the sentence.
EasyA substance that contains two or more different elements chemically bonded together in fixed proportions is called a ____.
47.Explain why carbon monoxide (CO) is considered a compound but oxygen gas (O₂) is not.
Medium48.A sample of a compound contains 5.0 g of carbon and 13.33 g of oxygen. What is the mass of oxygen that would combine with 12.0 g of carbon in the same compound? Give your answer in grams to one decimal place.
Hard49.Complete the sentence using the words provided.
EasyA substance that contains only one type of atom is called an ____. A substance made of two or more different elements chemically bonded is called a ____. A substance that contains two or more different substances physically combined is called a ____.
50.State whether each of the following is an element, compound, or mixture: (a) iron (b) salt (c) air.
Medium51.A compound has the formula MgO. If 24.3 g of magnesium combines with 16.0 g of oxygen, what mass of magnesium oxide is produced? Give your answer in grams to one decimal place.
Easy52.Complete the sentence about chemical formulas.
EasyThe chemical formula of water is ____. This means each molecule contains ____ hydrogen atoms and ____ oxygen atom.
53.Explain why a molecule of oxygen (O₂) is not considered a chemical compound, but a molecule of carbon monoxide (CO) is.
Medium54.A sample of a compound contains 5.0 g of carbon and 13.33 g of oxygen. What is the mass of oxygen that would combine with 12.0 g of carbon in the same compound? Show your working.
Medium55.How many different types of atoms are present in a molecule of sulfuric acid (H₂SO₄)?
Easy- A2
- B4
- C3
- D5
56.A sample of a compound contains 2.0 g of hydrogen and 16.0 g of oxygen. What is the mass of oxygen that would combine with 5.0 g of hydrogen to form the same compound?
Medium- A44 g
- B40 g
- C36 g
- D48 g
57.A sample of a compound contains 5.0 g of carbon and 13.33 g of oxygen. What is the mass of oxygen that would combine with 12.0 g of carbon in the same compound? Give your answer in grams to one decimal place.
Medium- A35 g
- B29 g
- C32 g
- D38 g
58.A compound has the formula MgO. If 24.3 g of magnesium combines with 16.0 g of oxygen, what mass of magnesium oxide is produced? Give your answer in grams to one decimal place.
Easy- A48.3 g
- B40.3 g
- C44.3 g
- D36.3 g
闪卡
What is a chemical compound?
A chemical compound is a substance composed of many identical molecules containing atoms from more than one chemical element held together by chemical bonds.
How does a compound differ from an element?
An element consists of only one type of atom, while a compound contains atoms of two or more different elements chemically bonded together.
What is a chemical formula?
A chemical formula uses element symbols and subscripts to show the number of atoms of each element in a compound molecule, e.g., H2O for water.
Name the four major types of chemical compounds based on bonding.
Molecular compounds (covalent bonds), ionic compounds (ionic bonds), intermetallic compounds (metallic bonds), and coordination complexes (coordinate covalent bonds).
What is a molecule?
A molecule is a group of two or more atoms held together by chemical bonds. It can be of an element (e.g., O2) or a compound (e.g., CO2).
Is a diatomic molecule like H2 considered a compound?
No, H2 is not a compound because it consists of atoms of only one element. A compound requires atoms from more than one element.
What is a mixture?
A mixture is a combination of two or more substances (elements or compounds) that are not chemically bonded and can be separated by physical means.
How can a compound be transformed into a different substance?
By a chemical reaction, which may break existing bonds or form new bonds, often involving interactions with other substances.
What is a non-stoichiometric compound?
A non-stoichiometric compound has element proportions that are not simple whole numbers, e.g., PdHx where x varies between 0.02 and 0.58.
What is a CAS number?
A unique numerical identifier assigned by the Chemical Abstracts Service to chemical compounds and mixtures.
Who first used the term 'compound' in a modern sense?
Robert Boyle in his 1661 book 'The Sceptical Chymist' used terms like 'compound' and 'compounded body'.
What did Robert Boyle mean by 'corpuscles'?
Boyle used 'corpuscles' (or 'atomes') to explain how a limited number of elements could combine in various proportions and arrangements to form many compounds.
How did Isaac Watts define a chemical element?
In his 1724 'Logick', Watts defined elements as simple substances that cannot be reduced into two or more substances of different kinds.
What is the difference between a pure substance and a mixture?
A pure substance (element or compound) has a fixed composition and distinct properties; a mixture contains two or more substances physically combined, with variable composition.
Give an example of a molecular compound and its formula.
Water, H2O, is a molecular compound where two hydrogen atoms are covalently bonded to one oxygen atom.
What holds ionic compounds together?
Ionic bonds, which are electrostatic attractions between positively and negatively charged ions.
What is an intermetallic compound?
An intermetallic compound is a type of compound held together by metallic bonds, typically between two or more metals.
What is a coordination complex?
A coordination complex is a compound held together by coordinate covalent bonds, where one atom donates both electrons in the bond.
What does a subscript in a chemical formula indicate?
The subscript indicates the number of atoms of that element in one molecule of the compound, e.g., in CO2 the subscript 2 means two oxygen atoms.
Can a compound be separated into its elements by physical means?
No, compounds can only be separated into elements by chemical reactions, not by physical methods like filtration or distillation.
What is the early periodic table associated with?
The early periodic table was developed by Dmitri Mendeleev, who arranged elements by atomic mass and predicted undiscovered elements.
How many chemical compounds are registered for production and use globally?
More than 350,000 chemical compounds (including mixtures) have been registered for production and use.
What is the difference between a compound and a mixture?
A compound has a fixed ratio of elements chemically bonded; a mixture has variable composition and no chemical bonding between components.
What is a pure chemical substance?
A pure chemical substance has a constant composition and set of properties; it can be an element or a compound.
What is the significance of stoichiometric proportion in compounds?
Compounds have fixed stoichiometric proportions of elements, meaning the ratio of atoms is constant and often expressed as whole numbers.