Global climate change
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练习题
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1.Which of the following is the main greenhouse gas driving global warming?
Easy- AOxygen
- BNitrogen
- CCarbon dioxide
- DArgon
2.Global warming and climate change are the same thing.
EasyTrue or false?
3.Which human activity is the primary cause of the modern rise in global temperatures?
Easy- ADeforestation
- BBurning fossil fuels
- CAgriculture
- DIndustrial processes
4.Which of the following are effects of climate change mentioned in the source? (Select all that apply)
Medium- AIncreased heat waves
- BMore intense storms
- CDecreased sea level
- DThawing permafrost
5.Arrange the following time periods in chronological order from earliest to most recent: (a) Last Interglacial, (b) Most recent glacial maximum, (c) Current interglacial period, (d) Industrial Revolution.
Medium- Last Interglacial
- Most recent glacial maximum
- Current interglacial period
- Industrial Revolution
6.The Paris Agreement aims to keep global warming well below 2 °C above pre-industrial levels.
EasyTrue or false?
7.Match each term with its correct description:
Medium- Global warming
- Climate change
- Anthropogenic climate change
- Increased global average surface temperature
- Changes to Earth's climate system including global warming
- Climate change resulting from human activities
8.Match each term with its correct description.
Medium- Global warming
- Climate change
- Anthropogenic climate change
- Climate crisis
- Increased global average surface temperature only
- Both global warming and its effects on Earth's climate system
- Climate change resulting from human activities
- Term used by some to emphasize urgency
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9.Arrange the following time periods in chronological order from earliest to most recent.
Medium- Last Interglacial
- Most recent glacial maximum
- Current interglacial (Holocene)
- Industrial Revolution (1850)
10.Which of the following are natural factors that can cause climate change? (Select all that apply)
Medium- AVolcanic eruptions
- BChanges in Earth's orbit
- CBurning of fossil fuels
- DSolar radiation variations
11.Which gas is the main greenhouse gas driving global warming?
Easy- ACarbon dioxide
- BOxygen
- CNitrogen
- DHydrogen
12.Which of the following are renewable energy sources that can replace fossil fuels? (Select all that apply)
Easy- AWind
- BSolar
- CNatural gas
- DNuclear
13.Place the following events in the order they occur in the greenhouse effect process, starting with the first.
Medium- Sunlight warms Earth's surface
- Earth radiates heat
- Greenhouse gases absorb some heat
- Lower atmosphere warms
14.Which of the following is an example of climate change adaptation?
Easy- ABuilding flood control measures
- BIncreasing fossil fuel use
- CDeforestation
- DUsing more coal
15.Which of the following are observed impacts of climate change mentioned in the source? (Select all that apply)
Medium- AMore frequent heat waves
- BRetreat of glaciers
- CIncreased sea ice in Arctic
- DOcean acidification
16.A climate scientist wants to estimate the temperature of a region 20,000 years ago. Which type of evidence would be most useful?
Medium- AThermometer records from that time
- BSatellite temperature data
- CIce cores and tree rings
- DWritten historical accounts
17.The Last Interglacial period (about 125,000 years ago) had global temperatures approximately how much warmer than pre-industrial levels?
Medium- A0.5 to 1.5 °C
- B2.0 to 3.0 °C
- C5 to 7 °C
- D0.1 to 0.3 °C
18.Which of the following are likely consequences of continued global warming beyond 2 °C? (Select all that apply)
Medium- AIncreased frequency of heat waves
- BComplete melting of the Greenland ice sheet
- CSea level rise of 5–10 metres
- DDecreased intensity of storms
19.The term 'global warming' refers only to the increase in global average surface temperature, while 'climate change' includes both warming and its effects on the climate system.
MediumTrue or false?
20.Arrange the following climate periods in order from oldest to most recent.
Medium- Most recent glacial maximum
- Last Interglacial
- Current interglacial (Holocene)
21.A student claims that because the Medieval Warm Period was as warm as today, current global warming is natural. Which piece of evidence from the source best refutes this claim?
Hard- ATemperatures during the Medieval Warm Period were not globally synchronous.
- BThe current warming is occurring much faster than natural past changes.
- CThe Medieval Warm Period was warmer in all regions than today.
- DCurrent CO₂ levels are lower than during the Medieval Warm Period.
22.A scientist wants to determine the atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration 10,000 years ago. Which type of evidence would be most useful?
Medium- ADirect thermometer measurements
- BIce core samples
- CSatellite data
- DHistorical written records
23.Which of the following are methods mentioned in the source for removing carbon dioxide from the atmosphere? (Select all that apply)
Medium- AIncreasing forest cover
- BBurning fossil fuels
- CFarming methods that store carbon in soil
- DUsing nuclear power
- EInstalling solar panels
24.Which of the following is an example of a climate change adaptation?
Easy- ABuilding a coal-fired power plant
- BPlanting drought-resistant crops
- CIncreasing the number of cars on the road
- DCutting down forests for farmland
25.Match each greenhouse gas with its primary source.
Easy- Carbon dioxide
- Methane
- Nitrous oxide
- Fossil fuel burning and deforestation
- Agriculture (e.g., livestock, rice paddies)
- Fertilizers and industrial processes
26.Place the following events in the order they occur in the enhanced greenhouse effect, starting with the first.
Medium- Sunlight reaches Earth's surface and warms it
- Earth radiates heat (infrared radiation) upward
- Greenhouse gases absorb some of the outgoing heat
- Human activities increase greenhouse gas concentrations
- The lower atmosphere warms further, causing global warming
27.Which of the following are examples of climate change mitigation? (Select all that apply)
Medium- ASwitching from coal to solar power
- BBuilding sea walls to protect against rising sea levels
- CPlanting trees to absorb carbon dioxide
- DDeveloping drought-resistant crops
- EUsing energy-efficient appliances
28.The term 'climate change' includes both global warming and its effects on the climate system, such as changes in precipitation.
EasyTrue or false?
29.Which of the following best explains why the Arctic is warming faster than the global average?
Medium- AThe Arctic receives more direct sunlight than other regions
- BMelting ice reduces the surface albedo, causing more heat absorption
- CGreenhouse gases are more concentrated in the Arctic atmosphere
- DOcean currents bring warm water to the Arctic from the tropics
30.Which of the following are natural factors that can cause long-term climate change? (Select all that apply)
Medium- AChanges in Earth's orbit (Milankovitch cycles)
- BVolcanic eruptions
- CBurning of fossil fuels
- DChanges in solar radiation
- EDeforestation
31.Arrange the following time periods in order from oldest to most recent.
Medium- Last Interglacial
- Most recent glacial maximum
- Start of the current interglacial (Holocene)
- Medieval Warm Period
- Little Ice Age
32.Match each climate term with its correct definition.
Easy- Global warming
- Climate change
- Anthropogenic climate change
- Increase in global average surface temperature
- Long-term changes in temperature, precipitation, and other climate variables
- Climate change caused by human activities
33.Fill in the blank: The ongoing increase in global average temperature is known as ________.
EasyThe ongoing increase in global average temperature is known as ____.
34.By how many degrees Celsius above pre-industrial levels was the global temperature in 2024, according to the source?
Easy35.What term is used to describe climate change resulting from human activities?
Easy36.Fill in the blanks: The three main fossil fuels that contribute to climate change when burned are ___, ___, and ___.
EasyThe three main fossil fuels that contribute to climate change when burned are ____, ____, and ____.
37.Complete the sentence using the words provided: fossil fuels, deforestation, agricultural practices.
EasyHuman activities that release greenhouse gases include burning ____, ____, and some ____.
38.The most recent glacial maximum (20,000 years ago) was about 5–7 °C colder than pre-industrial temperatures. The Last Interglacial was about 0.5–1.5 °C warmer. What is the approximate temperature difference between the Last Interglacial and the most recent glacial maximum? Give your answer as a single number representing the minimum possible difference.
Hard39.Complete the sentence using the correct term from the source: 'The ongoing increase in global average temperature is known as ________.'
EasyThe ongoing increase in global average temperature is known as ____.
40.State one example of a climate change adaptation mentioned in the source.
Easy41.In 2024, the global average temperature was 1.60 °C above pre-industrial levels. If the Paris Agreement aims to keep warming 'well under 2 °C', how much additional warming (in °C) could occur before reaching 2 °C?
Medium42.According to the source, by how many degrees Celsius above pre-industrial levels was the global average temperature in 2024?
Easy43.The Last Interglacial period had sea levels how many metres higher than today? Give the lower bound of the range mentioned.
Easy44.Complete the sentence using the correct terms from the source.
EasyThe three main fossil fuels that contribute to climate change when burned are ____, ____, and ____.
45.Explain why poorer communities are more vulnerable to climate change despite contributing less to emissions.
Medium46.Explain why poorer communities are more vulnerable to climate change despite contributing less to greenhouse gas emissions.
Hard47.Describe two methods mentioned in the source that can be used to remove carbon dioxide from the atmosphere.
Medium48.By how many degrees Celsius above pre-industrial levels was the global temperature in 2024, according to the source?
Easy- A1.6 °C
- B3.6 °C
- C0.6 °C
- D2.6 °C
49.The most recent glacial maximum (20,000 years ago) was about 5–7 °C colder than pre-industrial temperatures. The Last Interglacial was about 0.5–1.5 °C warmer. What is the approximate temperature difference between the Last Interglacial and the most recent glacial maximum? Give your answer as a single number representing the minimum possible difference.
Medium- A6.5 °C
- B5.5 °C
- C4.5 °C
- D7.5 °C
50.In 2024, the global average temperature was 1.60 °C above pre-industrial levels. If the Paris Agreement aims to keep warming 'well under 2 °C', how much additional warming (in °C) could occur before reaching 2 °C?
Medium- A1.4 °C
- B2.4 °C
- C-0.6 °C
- D0.4 °C
51.According to the source, by how many degrees Celsius above pre-industrial levels was the global average temperature in 2024?
Easy- A2.6 °C
- B3.6 °C
- C0.6 °C
- D1.6 °C
52.The Last Interglacial period had sea levels how many metres higher than today? Give the lower bound of the range mentioned.
Easy- A4 metres
- B5 metres
- C7 metres
- D6 metres
闪卡
What is the difference between 'global warming' and 'climate change'?
Global warming refers only to the increase in global average surface temperature, while climate change includes both global warming and its effects on Earth's climate system, such as changes in precipitation.
What is the main human activity driving modern-day climate change?
Burning fossil fuels (coal, oil, and natural gas) since the Industrial Revolution is the main driver, releasing greenhouse gases that trap heat.
How much has atmospheric CO₂ increased since pre-industrial times?
Earth's atmosphere now has roughly 50% more carbon dioxide than at the end of the pre-industrial era.
What are three major greenhouse gases released by human activities?
Carbon dioxide (CO₂), methane (CH₄), and nitrous oxide (N₂O) are key greenhouse gases from fossil fuel use, agriculture, and deforestation.
How do greenhouse gases warm the lower atmosphere?
They absorb some of the heat that the Earth radiates after it warms from sunlight, trapping heat in the atmosphere.
What is the current global temperature anomaly relative to 1850?
2024 was the warmest on record at +1.60 °C above the average from 1850.
What are two observed impacts of climate change on the environment?
Heat waves and wildfires are becoming more common; also, amplified Arctic warming causes permafrost thaw, glacier retreat, and sea ice decline.
How does climate change affect species?
Rapid environmental change in mountains, coral reefs, and the Arctic forces many species to relocate or become extinct.
What are two long-term effects of climate change that will persist for centuries?
Ocean heating and ocean acidification, as well as sea level rise, will continue even if future warming is minimized.
How does climate change threaten human societies?
It increases flooding, extreme heat, food and water scarcity, disease, economic loss, and can lead to human migration and conflict.
What is the Paris Agreement's goal for limiting warming?
Nations agreed to keep global warming 'well under 2 °C' above pre-industrial levels.
What would be the warming outcome under current Paris Agreement pledges?
Global warming would still reach about 2.8 °C by the end of the century.
Name three energy sources that do not produce significant carbon pollution.
Wind, solar, and hydro (also nuclear) are low-carbon energy sources.
How can carbon be removed from the atmosphere?
By increasing forest cover and using farming methods that store carbon in soil.
What is a climate tipping point?
A threshold beyond which climate change triggers large, often irreversible changes, such as melting the entire Greenland ice sheet.
What is the term for climate change caused by human activities?
Anthropogenic climate change.
What are climate proxies?
Indirect evidence of past climate, such as tree rings and ice cores, used to infer temperatures before thermometer records.
How much higher were sea levels during the Last Interglacial (125,000 years ago) compared to today?
Sea levels were 5 to 10 metres higher than today.
How much lower were sea levels during the last glacial maximum (20,000 years ago)?
Sea levels were over 125 metres lower than today.
What is the role of solar radiation in the global climate system?
Solar radiation is the primary energy source that warms Earth's surface; the atmosphere, ocean, and land interact to distribute and regulate this energy.
What is ocean acidification and what causes it?
Ocean acidification is the decrease in pH of seawater caused by absorption of excess CO₂ from the atmosphere.
Why are poorer communities more vulnerable to climate change?
They have the least ability to adapt and are responsible for a small share of global emissions, yet face the greatest risks.
What is the difference between climate change mitigation and adaptation?
Mitigation reduces greenhouse gas emissions to limit warming; adaptation adjusts to the effects of climate change (e.g., flood controls, drought-resistant crops).
What does the term 'global heating' emphasize?
It emphasizes the ongoing warming trend, often used to highlight the urgency of climate change.