Stock, suppliers and logistics

边玩边学

回答这些题目来赚取能量，然后钓鱼探索。无需账号。

给教育者：面向 Stock, suppliers and logistics（Business Studies，Operations）的即用型课程幻灯片, 复习笔记——用在你的课堂上，或将该知识点作为学习者可实时游玩的互动课堂活动来运行。

课程笔记

Stock includes raw materials, work in progress and finished goods. Accurate records and physical checks help identify losses and avoid relying on quantities that are not actually available or usable.
Reorder level is the trigger for replenishment; lead time is order to usable receipt; buffer stock absorbs uncertainty. Fictional usage 20 per day × two-day lead time + 20 buffer = 60-unit reorder level. Ordering 60 units brings the 20 units left at delivery back to 80 under the simple model.

JIT aims for low average stock with supplies close to use. JIC retains extra stock to reduce shortage exposure. A hybrid can fit different items: a perishable ingredient and a long-life critical component need not use the same buffer.
Compare storage, waste and funds tied up against ordering frequency, lost bulk discounts and disruption. JIC is not entirely safe, and JIT is not automatically best for a particular industry. Reliability, alternatives, shelf life and the cost of failure inform the choice.

Holding stock can involve space, security, insurance, deterioration, spoilage and obsolescence. Funds tied up cannot be used elsewhere; this is an opportunity cost, not necessarily a separate immediate cash payment.
Stock rotation and checks can reduce avoidable loss. Extra purchases made for a discount are worthwhile only if savings justify holding costs and likely demand; unsold or obsolete items may destroy the apparent saving.

Procurement covers sourcing, selection and purchase. Assess price, conformance quality, delivery reliability, speed, payment terms, capacity and responsible practices. Longer agreed credit can help cash timing but does not reduce the bill automatically.
Fictional 100-unit order: A costs £2 each + £20 delivery + £30 expected defect cost = £250. B costs £2.20 each + £10 delivery + £5 expected defect cost = £235. B has the higher unit price but lower estimated total on these assumptions; uncertainty and other requirements still matter.

Supply chains link organisations and activities from inputs through production and customer supply, with information and returns as well as goods. Relationships can support coordination but do not guarantee discounts, priority or reliability.
Ethical sourcing considers labour, human-rights, environmental and trading practices. Fair trade broadly seeks better terms; Fairtrade certification has specific standards, independent checks, premiums and applicable price rules. Verify the scope rather than equating local origin or a label with proof of every ethical or environmental claim.

Logistics coordinates transport, warehousing, fulfilment and returns. Compare total cost, reliability, capacity, handling, door-to-door time and environmental effects; transport modes can be combined and no mode is always fastest or cheapest for every route.
An online retailer should make realistic promises matched to target needs, including tracking or return arrangements where useful. Urgent delivery, slower economy services and collection can serve different customers. A low transport charge may be offset by storage, damage, missed sales or delay.

Step through every slide for this topic — plus flashcards and revision notes — with a free account.

免费预览——37 题中的 8 题。注册即可查看全部。

该知识点的历年真题练习即将推出。

即将推出