知识点 / GCSE / English Language / Writing Planning and structuring a piece of writing 边玩边学
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给教育者： 面向 Planning and structuring a piece of writing（English Language，Writing）的即用型课程幻灯片, 复习笔记——用在你的课堂上，或将该知识点作为学习者可实时游玩的互动课堂活动来运行。
课程笔记 Why plan? A brief plan can focus ideas and give the response a clear shape. Choose the planning time for the task and the time available. Identify form, audience and purpose, then select relevant points or events. Plan how to begin, develop and end without imposing a fixed number of points. Plan for this task Plan for this task Decision Example: school article Purpose and audience Argue for an outdoor-lesson trial Developed point Explain one practical learning activity Practical issue Address weather and access Conclusion Propose evaluation before expansion
Planning methods Use a spider diagram, bullet list or sequence of boxes if useful. An argument might develop a viewpoint, reasons, alternatives and a conclusion. A narrative may use a build-up and climax or another deliberate shape. Structure and paragraphs Use paragraphs to organise ideas: a new paragraph for a new point, speaker, time, place or topic. A topic sentence can signal the main point of an explanatory or argumentative paragraph. Other forms and effects may call for a different opening. Use discourse markers (connectives) to link ideas: "First", "Furthermore", "However", "Meanwhile", "Consequently". Vary structure : you could use a flashback, a circular structure or build to a climax.Make the relationship clear Make the relationship clear Link Relationship Furthermore Adds a developed point However Introduces a contrast Meanwhile Shows simultaneous events Consequently Signals a result
Beginnings and endings Hook the reader in the opening line. In the ending, link back to the start or leave a lasting image or call to action. Choose a purposeful ending Choose a purposeful ending Task Possible close Argument Draw reasons into a judgement Process explanation Clarify the result of the steps Narrative Resolve or deliberately leave a question Description Leave a significant final image
Managing time For a 45-minute task, 5 minutes planning, 35 writing and 5 checking is one possible starting allocation. Adjust to the actual task, available time and your writing needs; do not assume every examination has the same timings. 幻灯片 Sign up free to view the lesson slides
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练习题 免费预览——33 题中的 8 题。注册即可查看全部。 1. Why plan before you write?
Easy A to organise your ideasB to waste timeC to copyD it is not useful2. Which is a planning method?
Easy A a footnoteB a bibliographyC a title pageD a spider diagram3. When should you start a new paragraph?
Easy A neverB only at the endC for a new idea, speaker, time or placeD for every sentence4. What is a topic sentence?
Easy A a quotationB the sentence that introduces a paragraph's main ideaC the last sentenceD a title5. Which is a discourse marker for adding a point?
Easy A FurthermoreB HoweverC In contrastD Whereas6. Which marker shows time?
Easy A MoreoverB ThereforeC AlthoughD Meanwhile7. Which marker shows result?
Easy A PreviouslyB InitiallyC ConsequentlyD Meanwhile8. In an argument plan, what follows your viewpoint?
Easy A the titleB your reasonsC the sign-offD the date更多题目 9. In a conventional build-up–climax–resolution plan, what follows the build-up?
Easy A the climaxB the titleC the expositionD the indexA a full stopB a verbC an endingD an opening that grabs attention11. Which opening plan is strongest for a description?
Medium A a definitionB an apologyC start with one striking detail, then widen the viewD a list of facts12. What is a circular structure?
Medium A it has a diagramB the ending links to the beginningC the text has no endingD the text is a circle13. For a 45-minute writing task, which suggested allocation reserves useful time for both planning and checking?
Medium A 5 minutes plan, 35 writing, 5 checkingB 0, 45, 0C 40, 5, 0D 0, 40, 514. Why check your work at the end?
Medium A to waste timeB to copyC it is not allowedD to fix errors and improve15. Which plan best suits a persuasive speech?
Medium A list of factsB noneC a viewpoint, developed reasons, a relevant alternative view and a conclusionD setting, event, ending16. What does 'coherent' writing mean?
Medium A it is messyB it flows logically and makes senseC it is longD it is short17. Which paragraph opening best signals a new point?
Medium A Another important reason is that schools can reduce stress by...B Then...C Because.D And.18. A long response moves between several distinct ideas but uses one unbroken paragraph. What may make it harder to follow?
Medium A it is too formalB it is too shortC it has too many verbsD the changes of focus are not clearly signalled19. Which technique links the end of a story to its start?
Medium A a statisticB a footnoteC repeating an image or phrase from the openingD a list20. Which is the best use of 'meanwhile'?
Medium A Meanwhile and.B Meanwhile, back at the house, Sam was making a plan.C Meanwhile it is red.D Meanwhile, dogs.21. What does 'cohesion' mean?
Easy A connections made through language, reference and organisationB spellingC lengthD shouting22. Which should come first in a plan?
Easy A the endingB the title pageC quotesD form, audience and purpose23. A good ending to a persuasive piece:
Medium A apologisesB lists namesC draws the argument together and, when appropriate, proposes a next stepD introduces a new topic24. Which plan can suit an explanation of how to carry out a process?
Medium A dialogue onlyB introduction, steps in order, summaryC random orderD story form25. What is the best basis for choosing paragraph breaks?
Easy A the purpose and development of ideas, with clear changes of focusB always using exactly five short paragraphsC always using one long paragraphD putting every sentence in a separate paragraph26. A short plan can improve your writing.
Easy True or false?
27. A topic sentence introduces the main point of a paragraph.
Easy True or false?
28. You should never use paragraphs.
Easy True or false?
29. Discourse markers help link ideas.
Easy True or false?
30. Skipping all planning is always the best way to save time.
Medium True or false?
31. Which are planning methods?
Medium A spider diagramB bullet listC boxes for beginning, middle and endD footnotesE index32. Which are discourse markers?
Medium A howeverB moreoverC meanwhileD tableE tree33. Write a quick plan (four bullet points) for an article arguing that schools should offer more outdoor lessons.
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