Properties Uses And Alloys Of Metals

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Physical Properties of Metals

Metals conduct heat and electricity due to delocalised electrons that move through the structure.
They are malleable (can be hammered into shapes) and ductile (can be drawn into wires) because layers of positive ions can slide over each other.
Metals generally have high melting and boiling points because of strong electrostatic attraction (metallic bonds) between positive ions and delocalised electrons.

Metallic bonding in aluminium

Chemical Properties of Metals

Metals react with water (cold or steam) to produce a metal hydroxide or oxide plus hydrogen gas.
Example with cold water: Ca + 2H₂O → Ca(OH)₂ + H₂.
Example with steam: Zn + H₂O → ZnO + H₂.
Metals react with acids to produce a salt and hydrogen: metal + acid → salt + hydrogen.
Example: Fe + 2HCl → FeCl₂ + H₂.

Uses of Aluminium

Aluminium has low density and is resistant to corrosion due to a protective oxide layer.
Used in aeroplane bodies because of high strength-to-weight ratio.
Used in overhead power cables because it is a good electrical conductor and has low density.
Used in food cans because it is non-toxic and resistant to corrosion and acidic foods.

Uses of Copper

Copper is a very good electrical conductor and is ductile.
Used in electrical wiring due to high conductivity and ductility.
Used in pots and pans because it is a good heat conductor, unreactive, and malleable.
Used in water pipes because it is non-toxic, unreactive with water, and malleable.

Structure of an electrical cable

Alloys – Composition and Properties

An alloy is a mixture of a metal with other elements (often other metals, sometimes non-metals).
Brass (copper + zinc) is much stronger than either metal; used in musical instruments, ornaments, door knobs.
Stainless steel (iron + chromium, nickel, carbon) is hard and resistant to corrosion/rusting; used in cutlery.
Other alloys: iron with tungsten (extremely hard, heat resistant); aluminium with copper, manganese, silicon (strong, low density for aircraft).
Alloys are not compounds – they are mixtures, not chemically combined.

Structure of Alloys (Extended Tier)

Pure metals have a regular arrangement of positive ions in layers.
Alloys contain atoms of different sizes, which distort the regular lattice.
The distortion makes it harder for layers to slide over each other, so alloys are usually harder/stronger than pure metals.

Structure of an alloy

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练习题

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1.State two physical properties of metals.
Easy
2.State two uses of aluminium.
Easy
3.State two uses of copper.
Easy
4.What is an alloy?
Easy
5.State two examples of alloys and their uses.
Easy
6.Explain why alloys are usually harder than pure metals.
Medium
7.Which property makes aluminium suitable for making aeroplane bodies?
Easy
- Ahigh density
- Blow density
- Chigh reactivity
- Dpoor conductor of electricity
8.Which of the following is an alloy?
Easy
- Apure copper
- Bpure iron
- Cbrass
- Daluminium

更多题目

9.Metals are good conductors of heat and electricity because they have delocalised electrons.
Easy
True or false?
10.Alloys are chemically combined compounds.
Easy
True or false?
11.Complete the sentence.
Easy
An alloy of copper and zinc is called ____.
12.Which of the following is a physical property of most metals?
Easy
- ABrittle when solid
- BGood conductor of electricity
- CLow melting point
- DPoor conductor of heat
13.Which of the following is an alloy of copper and zinc?
Easy
- AStainless steel
- BBrass
- CBronze
- DSolder
14.Arrange the following steps in the order they occur when explaining why alloys are harder than pure metals.
Medium
- Distorted layers make it difficult for layers to slide
- Alloys contain atoms of different sizes
- Regular arrangement of atoms is distorted
15.Match each metal to its use based on properties.
Medium
- Aluminium
- Copper
- Electrical wiring
- Aeroplane bodies
16.Which of the following are properties of stainless steel? (Select all that apply)
Medium
- AHard
- BResistant to corrosion
- CLow melting point
- DContains chromium and nickel
17.Copper reacts with water to form copper oxide and hydrogen gas.
Medium
True or false?
18.Which property makes copper suitable for electrical wiring?
Easy
- ALow density
- BVery good conductor of electricity and ductile
- CResistant to corrosion
- DNon-toxic
19.Match each metal to its most suitable use based on properties.
Medium
- Aluminium
- Copper
- Stainless steel
- Overhead power cables
- Cutlery
- Aeroplane bodies
20.Which of the following are properties of most metals? (Select all that apply)
Medium
- AGood conductors of electricity
- BBrittle
- CMalleable
- DLow melting points
- EDuctile
21.Arrange the following statements in the correct order to explain why alloys are harder than pure metals.
Medium
- Distortion makes it harder for layers to slide.
- Alloy contains atoms of different sizes.
- Regular arrangement of metal ions is distorted.
- Layers of ions can slide over each other in pure metals.
22.An alloy is a mixture of a metal with other elements.
Easy
True or false?
23.Which property makes aluminium suitable for making overhead power cables?
Medium
- AHigh density
- BLow electrical conductivity
- CLow density and good electrical conductivity
- DHigh reactivity with water
24.What is the main reason metals are good conductors of electricity?
Medium
- AThey have a regular arrangement of ions
- BThey have delocalised electrons
- CThey are malleable
- DThey have high melting points
25.Which of the following are common uses of copper? (Select all that apply)
Easy
- AElectrical wiring
- BAeroplane bodies
- CWater pipes
- DCutlery
- EPots and pans
26.Match each alloy to its composition.
Easy
- Brass
- Stainless steel
- Duralumin
- Copper and zinc
- Iron, chromium, nickel, carbon
- Aluminium, copper, manganese, silicon
27.Why are alloys usually harder than pure metals?
Medium
- AAlloys have a regular arrangement of atoms that slides easily.
- BAlloys contain atoms of different sizes that distort the layers, making sliding harder.
- CAlloys are chemically bonded compounds with strong covalent bonds.
- DAlloys have a higher density than pure metals.
28.Copper reacts with cold water to produce copper oxide and hydrogen gas.
Easy
True or false?
29.A student tests four metals W, X, Y, Z with dilute hydrochloric acid. W fizzes vigorously, X fizzes slowly, Y does not react, Z reacts with steam but not with cold water. Which is the correct order of reactivity (most reactive first)?
Medium
- AW, X, Z, Y
- BW, Z, X, Y
- CY, Z, X, W
- DW, X, Y, Z
30.A student investigates the reaction of four metals with dilute hydrochloric acid. The table shows the results: | Metal | Observation | |-------|-------------| | W | vigorous bubbling | | X | slow bubbling | | Y | no reaction | | Z | reacts with steam but not with cold water | Which metal is the least reactive?
Medium
- AW
- BX
- CY
- DZ
31.A student sets up an experiment to compare the reactivity of magnesium and zinc with steam. Which observation would indicate that magnesium is more reactive than zinc?
Medium
- AMagnesium produces hydrogen gas more slowly.
- BZinc produces a brighter flame.
- CMagnesium reacts more vigorously with steam.
- DZinc oxide forms a white powder.
32.A student tests four metals (P, Q, R, S) with dilute hydrochloric acid and records the time taken for the metal to disappear completely. The results are: P: 15 seconds, Q: 45 seconds, R: no reaction, S: 120 seconds. Which statements are correct? (Select all that apply)
Hard
- AP is the most reactive metal.
- BR is less reactive than S.
- CQ is more reactive than S.
- DThe order of reactivity is P > Q > S > R.
33.Aluminium is used for food cans because it is toxic.
Easy
True or false?
34.Match each metal to its most suitable use based on its properties.
Medium
- Aluminium
- Copper
- Stainless steel
- Overhead power cables
- Cutlery
- Electrical wiring
35.A student investigates the reaction of a metal with steam. The apparatus includes a boiling tube, a heat source, and a delivery tube leading to a trough of water. Which safety precaution is most important?
Medium
- AWearing safety goggles to protect eyes from steam.
- BUsing a clamp to hold the boiling tube.
- CAdding a few anti-bumping granules to the boiling tube.
- DPlacing the apparatus in a fume cupboard.
36.Arrange the following statements in the correct order to explain why alloys are usually harder than pure metals.
Medium
- The distorted layers cannot slide over each other easily.
- Alloys contain atoms of different sizes.
- The regular arrangement of atoms in the metal lattice is distorted.
- Alloys are harder and stronger than pure metals.
37.A student tests four metals W, X, Y, Z with dilute hydrochloric acid. W fizzes vigorously, X fizzes slowly, Y does not react, Z reacts with steam but not with cold water. Which metal is most reactive?
Easy
- AW
- BX
- CY
- DZ
38.A student tests four metals W, X, Y, Z with dilute hydrochloric acid. W fizzes vigorously, X fizzes slowly, Y does not react, Z reacts with steam but not with cold water. Which metal is the least reactive?
Easy
- AW
- BX
- CY
- DZ
39.A student investigates the reaction of four metals with dilute hydrochloric acid. The table shows the time taken for each metal to disappear completely. | Metal | Time (s) | |-------|----------| | P | 15 | | Q | 45 | | R | no reaction | | S | 5 | Which metal is the most reactive?
Medium
- AMetal P: 15 seconds
- BMetal Q: 45 seconds
- CMetal R: no reaction
- DMetal S: 5 seconds
40.A student investigates the reaction of four metals (P, Q, R, S) with dilute hydrochloric acid. The table shows the time taken for each metal to disappear completely: | Metal | Time (s) | |-------|----------| | P | 15 | | Q | 45 | | R | no reaction | | S | 30 | Which metal is the most reactive?
Medium
- AP
- BQ
- CR
- DS
41.A student sets up an experiment to compare the reactivity of magnesium and zinc with steam. Which observations would indicate that magnesium is more reactive than zinc? (Select all that apply)
Hard
- AMagnesium produces a brighter flame.
- BZinc produces hydrogen gas more quickly.
- CThe reaction of magnesium is more vigorous.
- DZinc requires stronger heating to react.
- EBoth metals produce the same amount of gas.
42.Arrange the following steps in the correct order to explain why alloys are usually harder than pure metals.
Medium
- The layers of atoms slide over each other more easily.
- Different sized atoms distort the regular arrangement.
- Alloys are usually harder than pure metals.
- The distorted layers cannot slide over each other as easily.
43.A student tests four metals (W, X, Y, Z) with dilute hydrochloric acid. W fizzes vigorously, X fizzes slowly, Y does not react, Z reacts with steam but not with cold water. Which order shows the metals from most reactive to least reactive?
Medium
- AW, X, Z, Y
- BW, Z, X, Y
- CY, Z, X, W
- DZ, W, X, Y
44.Alloys are compounds formed by chemical combination of metals.
Easy
True or false?
45.Metals are malleable because layers of positive ions can slide over each other.
Easy
True or false?
46.Match each alloy to its correct composition.
Easy
- Brass
- Stainless steel
- Aluminium alloy for aircraft
- Copper and zinc
- Iron, chromium, nickel, carbon
- Aluminium, copper, manganese, silicon
47.State one physical property that makes aluminium suitable for making aeroplane bodies.
Easy
48.In the reaction of zinc with steam, what is the formula of the zinc compound formed? Enter the number of atoms of oxygen in the product.
Easy
49.Complete the sentences about the reaction of metals with water.
Medium
Metals that react with cold water form a ____ and hydrogen gas. Metals that react with steam form a ____ and hydrogen gas.
50.In the reaction of zinc with steam, zinc oxide (ZnO) is produced. How many oxygen atoms are in one formula unit of zinc oxide?
Easy
51.State one physical property that makes aluminium suitable for making food cans.
Easy
52.Explain why metals are good conductors of electricity.
Medium
53.Describe how the structure of an alloy differs from that of a pure metal, and explain how this difference affects the hardness of the alloy.
Medium
54.Explain why alloys are usually harder than pure metals. Use ideas about the structure of metals in your answer.
Medium
55.In the reaction of zinc with steam, what is the formula of the zinc compound formed? Enter the number of atoms of oxygen in the product.
Easy
- A3
- B2
- C0
- D1
56.In the reaction of zinc with steam, zinc oxide (ZnO) is produced. How many oxygen atoms are in one formula unit of zinc oxide?
Easy
- A0
- B2
- C3
- D1

闪卡

What are the general physical properties of metals?

Metals conduct heat and electricity, are malleable and ductile, and usually have high melting and boiling points.

Why do metals conduct heat and electricity?

Metals have delocalised electrons that are able to move through the metal structure.

Why are metals malleable and ductile?

The layers of positive metal ions in the metal structure are able to slide over each other.

Why do metals have high melting and boiling points?

There is a strong electrostatic attraction between positive metal ions and delocalised electrons (metallic bond), which requires lots of energy to break.

What are the general physical properties of non-metals?

Non-metals do not conduct heat and electricity (except graphite), are brittle, not malleable or ductile, and have low melting and boiling points.

What is the chemical property of metals when reacting with water?

Metals that react with cold water form a metal hydroxide and hydrogen gas. Metals that react with steam form a metal oxide and hydrogen gas.

What is the general equation for a metal reacting with an acid?

metal + acid → salt + hydrogen

Why is aluminium used in aeroplane bodies?

Aluminium has a high strength-to-weight ratio and low density.

Why is aluminium used in overhead power cables?

Aluminium is a good electrical conductor and has low density.

Why is aluminium used in food cans?

Aluminium is non-toxic and resistant to corrosion and acidic foods.

Why is copper used in electrical wiring?

Copper is a very good conductor of electricity and is ductile.

Why is copper used in pots and pans?

Copper is a very good conductor of heat, unreactive, and malleable.

Why is copper used in water pipes?

Copper is non-toxic, unreactive (does not react with water), and malleable.

What is an alloy?

An alloy is a mixture of a metal with other elements. Most alloys contain more than one metal; some contain non-metals.

What is brass and what are its uses?

Brass is an alloy of copper and zinc, much stronger than either metal. It is used in musical instruments, ornaments, and door knobs.

What is stainless steel and what is it used for?

Stainless steel is an alloy of iron with chromium, nickel, and carbon. It is used in cutlery because of its hardness and resistance to corrosion/rusting.

What are the properties of alloys compared to pure metals?

Alloys are often stronger, harder, and more resistant to corrosion or extreme temperatures than pure metals.

How does the structure of an alloy differ from a pure metal?

Pure metals have a regular arrangement of ions; alloys have an irregular arrangement of atoms due to different-sized atoms distorting the regular lattice.

Why are alloys usually harder/stronger than pure metals? (Extended tier)

The different-sized atoms in an alloy distort the regular layers, making it more difficult for the layers to slide over each other.

Is an alloy a compound or a mixture?

An alloy is a mixture, not a compound, because the elements are not chemically combined.

What is the reaction of calcium with cold water?

Ca (s) + 2H2O (l) → Ca(OH)2 (aq) + H2 (g)

What is the reaction of zinc with steam?

Zn (s) + H2O (g) → ZnO (s) + H2 (g)

What is the reaction of iron with hydrochloric acid?

Fe (s) + 2HCl (aq) → FeCl2 (aq) + H2 (g)

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