Computer Sub Systems

边玩边学

回答这些题目来赚取能量，然后钓鱼探索。无需账号。

给教育者： 面向 Computer Sub Systems（Computer Science，CIE）的即用型课程幻灯片, 复习笔记——用在你的课堂上，或将该知识点作为学习者可实时游玩的互动课堂活动来运行。

课程笔记

What is a Sub-System?

  • A sub-system is a smaller part of a computer system that works together with other sub-systems to create a fully functional system.
  • Example: a car's sub-systems include the engine, brakes, and wheels; each can be broken down further (e.g., engine → spark plugs, sensors, pistons).
  • In computers, the five main sub-systems are: CPU, memory, storage, input devices, and output devices.
  • CPU sub-systems include the control unit, registers, and arithmetic logic unit (ALU).
  • Sub-systems help troubleshoot problems by isolating each part for separate examination.
  • They give developers a clear picture of how complex systems are built.

A sub-system takes defined input data, processes it for its own purpose, and passes defined output on.

A sub-system takes defined input data, processes it for its own purpose, and passes defined output on.

The Five Main Computer Sub-Systems

  • Central Processing Unit (CPU) – executes instructions.
  • Memory – stores data and instructions temporarily for the CPU (e.g., RAM).
  • Storage – stores data and software permanently (e.g., HDD, SSD).
  • Input devices – allow a user to enter information (e.g., keyboard, mouse).
  • Output devices – display information or create physical output (e.g., monitor, printer).

Input devices, the CPU, main memory, secondary storage and output devices connected by the system bus.

Input devices, the CPU, main memory, secondary storage and output devices connected by the system bus.

Problem Decomposition

  • Decomposition is the process of breaking down a large problem into a set of smaller problems.
  • Smaller problems are easier to solve and can be solved independently.
  • Each smaller problem can be tested independently and then combined to produce the full solution.
  • Example: creating a computer game can be decomposed into levels, characters, and landscape – each handled by separate teams.
  • Decomposition requires thinking about four component parts: inputs, processes, outputs, and storage.

Decomposition breaks a large problem into sub-problems that are solved separately and then combined.

Decomposition breaks a large problem into sub-problems that are solved separately and then combined.

Inputs, Processes, Outputs, and Storage (IPOS)

  • Inputs – data entered into the system (e.g., width and height of a rectangle).
  • Processes – subroutines and algorithms that turn inputs and stored data into outputs (e.g., width × height).
  • Outputs – data produced by the system (e.g., calculated area displayed on screen).
  • Storage – data stored on a physical device or in memory while the program runs (e.g., width, height, area stored temporarily in RAM).

Every program has the same shape: data enters, instructions transform it, and meaningful output leaves.

Every program has the same shape: data enters, instructions transform it, and meaningful output leaves.

Benefits of Decomposition

  • Smaller problems are easier to solve than one large problem.
  • Each smaller problem can be solved independently of the others.
  • Smaller problems can be tested independently.
  • Smaller problems can be combined to produce a solution to the full problem.

幻灯片

Sign up free to view the lesson slides

Step through every slide for this topic — plus flashcards and revision notes — with a free account.

注册——免费登录

练习题

免费预览——58 题中的 8 题。注册即可查看全部。

  1. 1.What is a sub-system in a computer system?

    Easy
    • AA smaller part of a computer system that works together with other sub-systems to create a fully functional computer system
    • BA program that manages hardware resources
    • CA type of storage device
    • DA network of computers

  2. 2.Which of the following is NOT one of the five main sub-systems of a computer?

    Easy
    • ACentral Processing Unit (CPU)
    • BMemory
    • COperating system
    • DInput devices

  3. 3.Which sub-system is responsible for executing instructions?

    Easy
    • AMemory
    • BStorage
    • CCentral Processing Unit (CPU)
    • DOutput devices

  4. 4.What is the main function of the memory sub-system?

    Easy
    • ATo store data and software permanently
    • BTo execute instructions
    • CTo store data and instructions temporarily for the CPU
    • DTo allow a user to enter information

  5. 5.Which of the following is an example of how computer sub-systems can be further broken down?

    Medium
    • ACPU - control unit, registers & arithmetic logic unit (ALU)
    • BMemory - ROM and RAM
    • CStorage - HDD and SSD
    • DInput devices - keyboard and mouse

  6. 6.What is an advantage of using sub-systems in a computer system?

    Medium
    • AThey make the system more complex and harder to understand
    • BThey allow developers to isolate and troubleshoot problems more easily
    • CThey increase the cost of the system
    • DThey reduce the need for software

  7. 7.What is decomposition in problem solving?

    Easy
    • ABreaking down a large problem into a set of smaller problems
    • BCombining multiple problems into one large problem
    • CIgnoring the details of a problem
    • DSolving a problem without any planning

  8. 8.Which of the following is a benefit of decomposition?

    Easy
    • ASmaller problems are harder to solve
    • BEach smaller problem can be solved independently of the others
    • CSmaller problems cannot be tested independently
    • DSmaller problems cannot be combined to produce a solution

Unlock all 58 questions & more

创建免费账号，即可查看该知识点的每一道题、幻灯片、闪卡和复习笔记。

注册——免费登录

历年真题

该知识点的历年真题练习即将推出。
即将推出