Tony Kytes, the Arch-Deceiver – Thomas Hardy
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课程笔记
Overview and Setting
- Tony Kytes, the Arch-Deceiver is a short story by Thomas Hardy, published in 1894 as part of the collection Life's Little Ironies.
- The story is set in Upper Longpuddle, a fictional village in Wessex, and is told through the recollections of a carrier (the narrator) to a group of villagers.
- The narrative is framed as an oral tale, with the speaker addressing Mr. Flaxton, the parish clerk, and other listeners.
- The story explores themes of love, courtship, deception, and rural customs in 19th-century England.
Character of Tony Kytes
- Tony is described as having a 'little, round, firm, tight face' with smallpox scars, but still considered attractive to women.
- He is serious-looking and unsmiling, yet he is a 'women's favourite' and 'loved 'em in shoals'.
- Tony is indecisive and easily swayed by the attention of women, leading him to make promises he cannot keep.
- He is referred to as the 'Arch-Deceiver' due to his manipulative and dishonest behaviour towards the three women.
The Three Women
- Milly Richards: Tony's fiancée, described as 'a nice, light, small, tender little thing'. She is gentle and obedient, but also proud.
- Unity Sallet: A 'handsome girl' and former sweetheart of Tony. She is bold and assertive, challenging Tony about deserting her.
- Hannah Jolliver: A 'much more dashing girl' than Milly, and Tony's first love. She is independent and initially plays hard to get.
- All three women are attracted to Tony and are willing to marry him, which leads to the central conflict.
Plot Summary: The Waggon Journey
- Tony is driving his father's waggon home from market when he meets Unity Sallet, who asks for a lift.
- When Milly is seen approaching, Tony persuades Unity to hide under the tarpaulin in the back of the waggon.
- Milly then rides with Tony, but when Hannah Jolliver appears at a window, Tony persuades Milly to hide under the empty sacks in the front.
- Hannah joins Tony, and he flirts with her, eventually promising to 'throw over Milly' and marry her.
- The hidden women overhear and react: Milly screams and later confronts Unity, leading to a quarrel.
- Hannah discovers the women, and in the confusion, the horse bolts, tipping the waggon and throwing all three women into the road.
Themes: Deception and Self-Deception
- Tony's deception is central: he hides Unity and Milly to avoid conflict, and lies to Hannah about ferrets to explain the noises.
- He is also self-deceived, believing he can manage multiple relationships without consequences.
- The story satirises rural courtship and the fickleness of young love.
- Hardy presents deception as both comic and morally revealing, exposing Tony's lack of integrity.
Themes: Love and Marriage
- Marriage is presented as a social and economic arrangement as much as a romantic one.
- Tony's father represents practical wisdom, advising him to stick to Milly because she did not ask for a ride.
- The women's willingness to marry Tony, despite his behaviour, highlights the limited options for women in rural society.
- The ending, where Tony marries Milly, suggests that fate or social expectation ultimately determines the outcome.
Structure and Narrative Technique
- The story is told in first person by an unnamed carrier, creating a conversational, oral tone.
- The framed narrative adds realism and a sense of communal memory.
- Hardy uses dialect and colloquial language to characterise the rural setting and speakers.
- The plot is episodic and builds towards the climax of the waggon accident.
- Comic timing and dramatic irony are used effectively, as the audience knows the women are hidden while Tony does not know they can hear him.
Language and Style
- Hardy employs humour and irony to expose Tony's flaws.
- Dialect words such as 'nunny-watch' (meaning a predicament) and 'swound' (swoon) add local colour.
- Similes like 'his jaw hanging down like a dead man's' and 'looking like a tree struck by lightning' vividly convey Tony's shock.
- The narrative voice is warm and amused, inviting the reader to laugh at Tony's predicament while recognising its seriousness.
Context and Hardy's Concerns
- Hardy often set his works in Wessex, a fictional region based on south-west England.
- The story reflects 19th-century rural customs, including courtship rituals and the importance of banns.
- Hardy explores gender roles and the double standards applied to men and women in relationships.
- The tale is part of Life's Little Ironies, a collection focusing on ironic twists of fate.
Key Quotations for Analysis
- 'He was quite the women's favourite, and in return for their likings he loved 'em in shoals.' – Highlights Tony's popularity and fickleness.
- 'I've got rather into a nunny-watch' – Tony's admission of his predicament, using dialect.
- 'Take her leavings? Not I!' – Unity's proud refusal, showing her self-respect.
- 'It do seem as if fate had ordained that it should be you and I, or nobody.' – Tony's resigned acceptance of marrying Milly.
- 'She's as sound as a bell for me' – Tony's defensive claim about Hannah's virtue, revealing his superficiality.
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练习题
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1.In 'Tony Kytes, the Arch-Deceiver', who is Milly Richards?
Easy- AThe woman Tony is engaged to marry
- BThe first woman Tony fell in love with
- CHannah Jolliver's aunt
- DTony's sister
2.In 'Tony Kytes, the Arch-Deceiver', why does Tony ask Unity Sallet to hide in the waggon?
Medium- ABecause he sees Milly coming and does not want her to see Unity with him
- BBecause Hannah Jolliver is looking out of a window
- CBecause his father is approaching across the field
- DBecause he needs to hide the corn sacks
3.In 'Tony Kytes, the Arch-Deceiver', why does Tony ask Milly to hide under the empty sacks?
Medium- ABecause Hannah Jolliver is looking out of a window and he fears her temper
- BBecause Unity Sallet is already in the waggon
- CBecause his father is coming to speak to him
- DBecause it is almost Christmas
4.In 'Tony Kytes, the Arch-Deceiver', who is Hannah Jolliver?
Medium- AThe first woman Tony had fallen in love with
- BTony's cousin
- CThe woman Tony is engaged to
- DMilly Richards' sister
5.In 'Tony Kytes, the Arch-Deceiver', what does Tony's father advise him to do about the women?
Medium- AMarry Milly Richards
- BMarry Hannah Jolliver
- CMarry Unity Sallet
- DMarry none of them
6.In 'Tony Kytes, the Arch-Deceiver', what causes the waggon to tip and the three women to fall out?
Medium- AHannah lets go of the reins and the horse turns too quickly at a corner
- BTony deliberately tips the waggon to stop the quarrel
- CThe horse is startled by a mouse
- DThe waggon hits a bramble bush
7.In 'Tony Kytes, the Arch-Deceiver', why does Hannah refuse Tony when her father asks her?
Medium- APartly because her father is there and partly because of the discovery and the scratch on her face
- BBecause she loves another man
- CBecause Tony has already married Milly
- DBecause she is angry that Tony did not ask her first
8.In 'Tony Kytes, the Arch-Deceiver', why does Unity Sallet refuse Tony's proposal?
Medium- AShe says she will not take Hannah's leavings
- BShe is already engaged to someone else
- CShe is angry that Tony hid her under the tarpaulin
- DShe loves Tony's father
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