Cause, consequence, change and significance

9.Which of the following are second-order historical concepts? (select all that apply)

10.Match each type of cause with its correct definition.

11.Place these steps of building a supported historical argument in the correct order, from first to last.

12.Which of the following is the best example of a short-term consequence of a historical event?

13.Change and continuity means looking at what stayed the same as well as what changed over time.

14.A historian argues that the invention of the printing press in the 15th century was a more important cause of change than the invention of the internet in the 20th century. Which criterion would best help judge this claim?

15.Which of the following statements about historical significance are correct? (select all that apply)

16.Match each concept with its correct description.

17.A historian argues that the invention of the printing press in the 15th century was a more important cause of change than the invention of the internet in the 20th century. Which of the following would best support this argument?

18.A historian writes: 'Herodotus attempted to distinguish between more and less reliable accounts, and personally conducted research by travelling extensively, giving written accounts of various Mediterranean cultures.' Which statement about Herodotus's method is best supported by this evidence?

19.A historian claims: 'The shift from political history to social history in universities shows that history itself changed.' Which judgement about this claim is most accurate?

20.A student reads: 'From 1975 to 1995 the proportion of professors of history in American universities identifying with social history increased from 31 to 41 percent, while the proportion of political historians decreased from 40 to 30 percent.' What does this evidence suggest about change in the study of history?

21.A historian writes: 'Since the 1980s there has been a special interest in the memories and commemoration of past events—the histories as remembered and presented for popular celebration.' Which statements about this trend are supported by the evidence? (select all that apply)

22.A historian argues: 'The professionalisation of history at universities in the 19th century was the most significant change in how history was studied.' Which piece of evidence would best support this interpretation?

23.A student writes: 'The invention of the printing press in the 15th century was a more important cause of change than the internet because it happened first.' Which is the main weakness of this argument?

24.Two historians disagree about the most important cause of a historical event. Which statement best explains why this disagreement might happen?

25.Studying historiography means studying the changing interpretations of past events in the works of historians rather than the events of the past directly.

26.In which century BC was the academic discipline of historiography established in Europe with Herodotus's Histories?

27.Which Roman statesman produced the Origines in the 2nd century BC, the first Roman historiography?

28.Who established Chinese historiography with the Shiji in the Han Empire?

29.Which of the following figures shaped and developed historiography in the Western world during the 18th-century Age of Enlightenment?

30.A trigger is a short-term cause that sets off an event, while a long-term cause builds up over a longer period.

31.Match each key term about causes to its correct definition.

32.Place these stages of building a supported historical argument in the correct order, from first to last.

33.A historian argues that the invention of the printing press in the 15th century was a more important cause of change than the invention of the internet in the 20th century. Which of the following are valid ways to judge this claim? (select all that apply)

34.A student writes that a war began because a country had been building up its armed forces for many years, and that the final decision to invade was made within a single week. Which term best describes the country's long build-up of armed forces?

35.A historian argues that the most important consequence of a revolution was the new system of government it created, while another argues that the most important consequence was the suffering caused by the fighting. Which statement best explains why the two historians disagree?

36.Which of the following are examples of questions a historian would ask when studying change and continuity? (select all that apply)

37.A short-term cause is always more important than a long-term cause in explaining why an event happened.

38.Match each term to its correct meaning.

39.Place these steps of explaining a consequence in the correct order, from first to last.

40.A historian writes: 'The shift from political history to social history in universities shows that history itself changed.' Which judgement about this claim is most accurate?

41.What term refers to the study of the way history has been and is written?

42.In which year did the proportion of professors of history in American universities identifying with social history reach 41 percent?

43.Complete the sentence about the origins of historiography in different regions.

44.What term describes the importance or meaning that historians assign to a historical event or person?

45.Complete the sentence about historical causes.

46.According to data on American history professors, the proportion identifying with social history increased from 31% to what percentage between 1975 and 1995?

47.In what year did the proportion of professors of history in American universities identifying with social history reach 41 percent?

48.From 1975 to 1995, the proportion of professors of history in American universities identifying with political history decreased from 40 percent to what percentage?

49.In 2007, of 5,723 faculty members in the departments of history at British universities, how many identified themselves with social history?

50.In 2007, of 5,723 faculty members in the departments of history at British universities, how many identified themselves with political history?

51.In what year was the title 'Historiographer Royal' established in England?

52.In what year was the title 'Historiographer Royal' established in Scotland?

53.Explain the difference between a long-term cause and a trigger in history. Use an example to support your answer.

54.Explain why historians might disagree about the most important cause of a historical event.

55.Explain how the evidence about American history professors between 1975 and 1995 can be used to support the idea that historical research interests change over time.

56.In which year did the proportion of professors of history in American universities identifying with social history reach 41 percent?

57.According to data on American history professors, the proportion identifying with social history increased from 31% to what percentage between 1975 and 1995?

58.In what year did the proportion of professors of history in American universities identifying with social history reach 41 percent?

59.From 1975 to 1995, the proportion of professors of history in American universities identifying with political history decreased from 40 percent to what percentage?

60.In 2007, of 5,723 faculty members in the departments of history at British universities, how many identified themselves with social history?

61.In 2007, of 5,723 faculty members in the departments of history at British universities, how many identified themselves with political history?

62.In what year was the title 'Historiographer Royal' established in England?

63.In what year was the title 'Historiographer Royal' established in Scotland?