Cell Structure

9.Prokaryotic cells contain 80S ribosomes.

10.The cell wall of a prokaryotic cell is made of murein.

11.Viruses are living organisms because they can reproduce independently.

12.Which of the following are functions of the Golgi apparatus? (select all that apply)

13.Which of the following are adaptations of a sperm cell? (select all that apply)

14.Which of the following statements about prokaryotic cells are correct? (select all that apply)

15.Match each organelle with its correct function.

16.Place the following levels of cellular organisation in order from smallest to largest.

17.A scientist used the method below to prepare a sample of mitochondria from muscle cells: 1. Place muscle tissue in a solution that is ice-cold, buffered and has the same water potential as the muscle tissue. 2. Place the muscle tissue and solution into a blender; blend for 3 minutes. 3. Filter the blended mixture. 4. Centrifuge the filtrate at a low speed; a pellet should be seen at the bottom of the centrifuge tube. 5. Pour off the liquid from the first centrifuge tube into a second centrifuge tube. 6. Centrifuge this liquid at a high speed; the pellet that forms contains mitochondria. Explain why the solution used in step 1 had to be ice-cold.

18.A scientist used the method below to prepare a sample of mitochondria from muscle cells: 1. Place muscle tissue in a solution that is ice-cold, buffered and has the same water potential as the muscle tissue. 2. Place the muscle tissue and solution into a blender; blend for 3 minutes. 3. Filter the blended mixture. 4. Centrifuge the filtrate at a low speed; a pellet should be seen at the bottom of the centrifuge tube. 5. Pour off the liquid from the first centrifuge tube into a second centrifuge tube. 6. Centrifuge this liquid at a high speed; the pellet that forms contains mitochondria. Explain why the muscle tissue and solution first had to be blended, and why the resulting mixture then had to be filtered (steps 2 and 3).

19.Which of the following best explains why viruses are considered non-living?

20.Which of the following correctly describes the genetic material of a virus?

21.Some virus particles have an additional layer of molecules surrounding them in addition to the capsid. Where does this additional layer come from?

22.Which of the following structures are found in a plant cell but NOT in an animal cell? (select all that apply)

23.Which of the following are adaptations of xylem vessel cells? (select all that apply)

24.The rough endoplasmic reticulum is covered with ribosomes and is responsible for the synthesis and transport of proteins.

25.The nucleolus produces ribosomes.

26.Match each specialised cell with its function.

27.Place the levels of cellular organisation in order from smallest to largest.

28.Which of the following statements about viruses are correct? (select all that apply)

29.Which of the following are adaptations of a neurone? (select all that apply)

30.Which of the following are functions of the rough endoplasmic reticulum? (select all that apply)

31.Which of the following are adaptations of a root hair cell? (select all that apply)

32.Viruses are non-living because they cannot reproduce independently.

33.The cell wall of a prokaryotic cell is made of cellulose.

34.Lysosomes contain hydrolytic enzymes.

35.Why is the solution used in step 1 ice-cold?

36.Why does the solution in step 1 have the same water potential as the muscle tissue?

37.Why is the mixture blended and then filtered?

38.Place the following steps of cell fractionation in the correct order.

39.The Golgi apparatus modifies and packages proteins and lipids.

40.Smooth endoplasmic reticulum is covered with ribosomes.

41.Name the process by which prokaryotic cells divide.

42.Name the structure that surrounds the genetic material of a virus.

43.Give the name of the organelle that is the site of protein synthesis.

44.A prokaryotic cell measures 2 μm in diameter and a eukaryotic cell measures 0.1 mm. Calculate how many times larger the eukaryotic cell is than the prokaryotic cell.

45.In certain conditions some prokaryotic cells can divide every 25 minutes. Assuming that each cell divides every 25 minutes, calculate the number of cells that will be present after 3.75 hours if the starting population contains 2.45 × 10³ cells. Assume that no cells die during this time.

46.Complete the sentence about the cell surface membrane.

47.Complete the sentence about the nucleus.

48.Complete the table comparing prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. Write the missing values.

49.Complete the sentence about the cell wall.

50.In certain conditions some prokaryotic cells can divide every 25 minutes. Assuming that each cell divides every 25 minutes, calculate the number of cells that will be present after 3.75 hours if the starting population contains 2.45 × 10³ cells. Assume that no cells die during this time.

51.Name the carbohydrate store found in Chlamydomonas.

52.A prokaryotic cell measures 2 μm in diameter. Calculate its diameter in nanometres (nm).

53.Describe the role of the cell surface membrane.

54.Describe the structure of lysosomes and their role within cells.

55.Give the meaning of the term specialised cell.

56.Describe how a sample of chloroplasts could be obtained from leaf tissue using cell fractionation techniques.

57.Explain how two features of an epithelial cell in the small intestine aid its function.

58.A prokaryotic cell measures 2 μm in diameter and a eukaryotic cell measures 0.1 mm. Calculate how many times larger the eukaryotic cell is than the prokaryotic cell.

59.In certain conditions some prokaryotic cells can divide every 25 minutes. Assuming that each cell divides every 25 minutes, calculate the number of cells that will be present after 3.75 hours if the starting population contains 2.45 × 10³ cells. Assume that no cells die during this time.

60.In certain conditions some prokaryotic cells can divide every 25 minutes. Assuming that each cell divides every 25 minutes, calculate the number of cells that will be present after 3.75 hours if the starting population contains 2.45 × 10³ cells. Assume that no cells die during this time.

61.A prokaryotic cell measures 2 μm in diameter. Calculate its diameter in nanometres (nm).