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Writing to argue and persuade

邊玩邊學

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課程筆記

What argue and persuade mean

  • To argue is to present reasons for a viewpoint; to persuade is to move the reader to agree or act. Exam tasks include articles, speeches and letters on topics such as homework, social media, or the environment.
  • You need a clear viewpoint and a sense of audience (the person or group you are writing to).

Build the reasoning

Build the reasoningPartOriginal exampleViewpointTrial more outdoor lessonsReasonA real habitat can support observationAlternativeWeather may disrupt the planResponsePrepare an accessible indoor alternative

Techniques (use the acronym DAFOREST)

  • An acronym such as DAFOREST is a memory aid for possible choices, not an assessment checklist. Direct address, anecdotes, evidence, opinion, rhetorical questions, emotive language and triplets can work when relevant.
  • Repetition, contrast, hyperbole and imperatives can shape an appeal. Distinguish a counter-argument from its rebuttal. Check factual evidence rather than inventing surveys or treating anecdotes as representative samples.

Check the support

Check the supportEvidence offeredQuestion to askA recent survey says80%Which survey, sample and date?Everyone knowsWhat evidence supports the claim?One person’sexperienceDoes it represent others?An identifiable studyAre its methods and contextrelevant?

Structure

  • Use a clear opening, connected developed points and a purposeful conclusion. Address alternatives where useful. A call to action is appropriate for some tasks; a supported judgement may suit others.
  • Use connectives: "Furthermore", "However", "Therefore", "Above all".

Addressing an audience

Addressing an audience

Tone and register

  • Choose register and tone for the actual relationship, purpose and situation. A speech to students can be serious or conversational; a formal letter normally uses suitable formal language. Confidence should come from clear reasoning rather than unsupported certainty.

投影片

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練習題

免費預覽——34 題中的 8 題。註冊即可查看全部。
  1. 1.What is the purpose of persuasive writing?

    Easy
    • Ato convince the reader
    • Bto describe a place
    • Cto tell a story
    • Dto give a recipe
  2. 2.What is direct address?

    Easy
    • Aa form of rhyme
    • Ba spelling
    • Ca verb
    • Dspeaking to the reader as 'you'
  3. 3.What is an anecdote?

    Easy
    • Aa quotation
    • Ba list
    • Ca short account of an incident, often personal
    • Da statistic
  4. 4.Which is a checkable factual claim rather than an evaluative opinion?

    Easy
    • ASwimming is fun.
    • BAbout 71% of Earth’s surface is covered by water.
    • CThe ocean is lovely.
    • DBeaches are best.
  5. 5.Which is an imperative?

    Easy
    • AJoin us today!
    • BWe join today.
    • CThey joined.
    • DJoining is fun.
  6. 6.Why use emotive language?

    Easy
    • Ato be neutral
    • Bto give statistics
    • Cto avoid opinions
    • Dto appeal to feelings
  7. 7.Which is the best formal connective?

    Easy
    • AAnyway
    • BAlso, like
    • CFurthermore
    • DPlus
  8. 8.What is a counter-argument?

    Easy
    • Aa typo
    • Bthe opposing view
    • Cthe introduction
    • Da list

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