Future and conditional
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課程筆記
Near future
- Present aller plus infinitive forms the futur proche: je vais manger, tu vas jouer, il va partir, nous allons voyager. The second verb is an infinitive rather than a past participle or another conjugated form.
- This construction links a plan to the present and is not restricted to an action a few minutes away. Je vais à la piscine instead gives a destination; check what follows aller rather than classifying vais alone as future.
Check the complete aller construction
Future simple
- Future endings are -ai, -as, -a, -ons, -ez, -ont for je, tu, il/elle/on, nous, vous, ils/elles. Regular parler and finir keep their infinitives as stems; vendre drops final e, producing vendr-.
- Worked forms: parler- plus -ai gives je parlerai; finir- plus -a gives il finira; vendr- plus -as gives tu vendras. Irregular stems and spelling-changing verbs need their own forms, so the regular formula is not universal.
Future endings
Irregular future stems
- Learn être ser-, avoir aur-, aller ir-, faire fer-, pouvoir pourr-, vouloir voudr-, devoir devr-, voir verr-, venir viendr- and savoir saur-. These stems are shared by future simple and present conditional.
- Worked comparison: je verrai/je verrais and nous irons/nous irions. The stem alone does not determine the tense; select the ending matching subject and intended meaning.
Selected irregular stems
Uses
- Quand j’aurai dix-huit ans, j’irai… is a future-time model, whereas quand j’étais petit… refers to a past context and quand je suis libre… can express a present habit. The conjunction alone does not force one tense.
- Demain, l’année prochaine and dans deux ans locate a time but do not guarantee an outcome or automatically require future simple. Je vais voyager and je voyagerai can both refer to future travel with a different grammatical construction.
Quand does not select one tense alone
The conditional
- Present conditional uses the shared future stem with -ais, -ais, -ait, -ions, -iez, -aient. These correspond to imperfect endings, not an instruction to use the imperfect stem: aller gives irais, not allais.
- Je voudrais can express a wish or softer request, and a hypothesis can use je voyagerais. Compare written je parlerai and je parlerais carefully; extra grammar is useful when it expresses the intended message.
Compare future and conditional
Si clauses
- S’il fait beau demain, nous irons au parc gives a present condition and future result for that possible future situation. Si elides before il, giving s’il, not si il in the model.
- Si j’avais plus de temps, je dessinerais gives an imperfect condition and conditional result for an imagined situation. It does not merely report a past event; other si constructions exist, so these are specific models rather than universal rules.
Two specific condition models
Hopes and plans
- J’espère voyager takes an infinitive without de in ordinary modern usage. J’ai l’intention de voyager takes de; je voudrais voyager and j’aimerais voyager express wishes.
- J’espère que tu viendras is a valid full-clause construction, showing that espérer does not always take an infinitive. An intention, wish or hope is the speaker’s message rather than proof that the future outcome will occur.
Hope, wish and intention
Time expressions
- Demain means tomorrow, bientôt soon, plus tard later and à l’avenir in future. Interpret these expressions with the complete verb and context rather than using a single word to identify a grammatical form.
- Original account: Demain, je vais préparer un dessin. Plus tard, j’apprendrai à jouer du piano. Si j’avais plus de temps, je pratiquerais tous les jours. The plan, later intention and hypothesis are fictional and can be replaced by other coherent examples.
Read the original imagined account
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練習題
免費預覽——34 題中的 8 題。註冊即可查看全部。
1.Conjugate parler in the future simple for je.
Easy- Aje parlerai
- Bje parlerais
- Cje parlais
- Dje parlé
2.Conjugate finir in the future simple for il.
Easy- Ail finirait
- Bil finissait
- Cil fini
- Dil finira
3.Conjugate vendre in the future simple for tu.
Easy- Atu vendais
- Btu vendu
- Ctu vendras
- Dtu vendrais
4.Conjugate être in the future simple for je.
Easy- Aje suis
- Bje serai
- Cje serais
- Dje étais
5.Conjugate avoir in the future simple for je.
Easy- Aj'aurai
- Bj'aurais
- Cj'avais
- Dj'ai
6.Conjugate aller in the future simple for je.
Easy- Aj'allerai
- Bj'irais
- Cje vais
- Dj'irai
7.Conjugate faire in the future simple for je.
Easy- Aje faisais
- Bje fais
- Cje ferai
- Dje ferais
8.Conjugate pouvoir in the future simple for je.
Easy- Aje peux
- Bje pourrai
- Cje peuverai
- Dje pourrais
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