Tactics, strategies and compositional ideas
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課程筆記
Tactics, strategies and techniques
- Technique describes execution, strategy the broad plan, and tactics the particular actions or decisions that implement and adapt it. For example, a planned possession approach may use a quick switch of play, requiring accurate passing technique. Choosing the right action and executing it well are separate demands.
- The before/during distinction is useful but not absolute: tactics such as set plays can be rehearsed in advance, and a strategy can be revised. Respond to opponents, space, conditions and the state of the game, then assess whether the change helps.
From plan to execution
Attacking principles
- Width creates options across the playing area; depth separates options along the direction of attack, including forward and backward support. Useful support depends on distance, angle and timing. Mobility creates or uses space; penetration progresses through or beyond a defence.
- These are principles to apply in context, not instructions to spread out as far as possible or always pass forward. A wide player without a passing route may not help. Explain which defender is drawn, which space opens and what skill is needed to use it.
Attacking choices and purposes
Defending principles
- Delay contains an attack while teammates recover; depth and cover provide support behind an engaging defender. Balance protects other dangerous spaces, while compactness reduces gaps. Players communicate and adjust with the ball and opponents.
- Pressing aims to limit options, force errors or regain possession, but can expose space if poorly coordinated. Zonal marking assigns areas; player-to-player marking assigns opponents. Neither removes the need for teamwork or legal play, and teams can combine approaches.
Defend as a coordinated unit
Team roles
- Positions and formations organise responsibilities but do not fix every player at a point. For example, football roles change between possession, defending and transition. The familiar 4-4-2 description refers to outfield lines, with a goalkeeper additional in the standard eleven-player game.
- Set plays coordinate a prepared pattern at a restart; timing and alternative decisions matter if opponents disrupt it. Substitutions can change roles or address fatigue where permitted, but procedures and limits depend on the competition. No change guarantees success.
Match a team change to a problem
Individual tactics
- Pacing distributes effort in relation to distance, ability, opponents and conditions. Drafting can reduce aerodynamic drag in permitted cycling events, but requires appropriate skill and compliance with event rules. A tactic that is legal in one event may be prohibited in another.
- In tennis, a lob can send the ball over an opponent near the net, whereas a drop shot can draw a deep opponent forward. Select using the opponent’s position and your own control. A poorly placed lob or drop shot can create an easy attacking reply.
Individual decisions depend on context
Rules and officials
- Rules define permitted actions, scoring and procedures, including safety requirements. Officials apply them within their roles, while performers retain responsibility for legal, fair and safe behaviour. Rules can reduce risk but cannot guarantee an injury-free activity.
- Respect the rules and competition-specific conditions when selecting tactics. For example, a substitution, restart or drafting approach must be allowed in that event. This lesson gives decision examples rather than a complete current rulebook for every activity.
Choose within the rules
Compositional ideas (aesthetic activities)
- Composition selects and links movement to communicate an intended effect. Unison uses the same movement at the same time; canon uses the same phrase with staggered entries that overlap. A motif can recur and be developed through level, direction, speed or other changes.
- Contrast and changes of level can emphasise differences, while transitions link actions coherently. Choose movements within performers’ capabilities and maintain control; artistic intention and the activity’s criteria matter, rather than simply adding harder actions. The timing table illustrates canon without requiring a prescribed dance.
Canon: one phrase, staggered starts
Decision making
- Observe relevant cues, select an action, execute the required skill and use feedback to review. In the fictional pressing example, identify the space the opponents leave and provide a passing option away from pressure. This depends on recognition, support and accurate execution.
- Evaluate a specific performance with evidence: describe the situation, the choice, its intended mechanism and what actually happened. Consider a risk or alternative and explain an improvement. A single successful or unsuccessful attempt does not establish that a tactic always works or always fails.
Explain and evaluate a decision
投影片
練習題
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1.What is a technique?
Easy- Ahow a skill is performed
- Bthe overall game plan
- Ca defensive area
- Da rule
2.What are tactics?
Easy- Aonly the overall season objective
- Bthe way a muscle contracts in isolation
- Conly the rules for scoring
- Dspecific actions or decisions used to implement or adapt a plan
3.What is width in attack?
Easy- Adefending
- Bresting
- Cspreading the play across the pitch
- Dstaying central
4.What is depth in attack?
Easy- Athe number of substitutes available
- Boptions at different distances along the direction of attack
- Cevery attacker standing in the same horizontal line
- Donly players positioned behind the ball
5.What is penetration?
Easy- Abreaking through the defence
- Bretreating
- Cresting
- Dpassing backwards only
6.What is support play?
Easy- Aplayers avoiding the ball
- Bplayers resting
- Cno teamwork
- Dplayers offering passing options
7.What is delay in defence?
Easy- Aresting
- Bstopping the game
- Clegally containing an attack so teammates can recover
- Dspeeding the attack
8.What is balance in defence?
Easy- Aattacking only
- Bpositioning to cover danger areas
- Cleaving areas open
- Dresting
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