Future and conditional
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課程筆記
Ir a plus infinitive
- Build the construction with present ir, a and an infinitive: voy a viajar, vas a jugar, va a comer, vamos a estudiar, vais a salir, van a venir. Keep the infinitive unchanged for the subject.
- This often-called near future can refer to later plans too. A time phrase establishes the intended reference; the construction does not always mean an immediate event or physical travel toward the action.
Build ir a plus infinitive
Future person endings
- Regular simple future forms use the infinitive plus -é, -ás, -á, -emos, -éis, -án. Hablaré is yo, hablarás is tú and hablará can be él, ella or usted; context and endings identify the subject.
- Retain the accents and distinguish form from meaning. A future form can predict later events and can also express a supposition about the present in other contexts, so later time is not its only use.
Simple future endings
Shared irregular future and conditional bases
- Useful bases include tendr-, har-, podr-, querr-, sabr-, saldr-, vendr-, dir-, pondr- and habr-. Add future or conditional endings to the same base, as in haré/haría.
- Ir keeps ir in iré and iría despite irregular present voy. A base alone does not identify the subject or tense, and the list is a useful selection rather than every verb family in Spanish.
Same irregular base, different ending
Conditional endings and meanings
- The endings are -ía, -ías, -ía, -íamos, -íais, -ían, all with an accent on í. Yo and él/ella/usted share -ía, so viajaría needs context to distinguish those subjects.
- The conditional supports wishes, possibilities and softened requests: me gustaría viajar, podría estudiar. It does not translate every English would, and context still determines politeness. With a plural thing, a gustar phrase may instead require gustarían.
Conditional endings
Possible and hypothetical si patterns
- Si tengo tiempo, estudiaré is a possible condition with present tengo and a future result. Other meanings allow a present or imperative result; present si does not guarantee a future verb in the other clause.
- Si tuviera tiempo, estudiaría illustrates an imperfect-subjunctive condition with conditional result. No sé si vendrá means I do not know whether he/she will come, a different construction where si is not a condition.
Distinguish the si constructions
Future temporal cuando and interrogative cuándo
- Cuando termine, viajaré uses a present subjunctive for the future event in the temporal clause. English-style cuando terminaré is not the taught standard pattern; the future may appear in the main clause instead.
- No sé cuándo llegará is an indirect question and can use future llegará. Interrogative cuándo carries an accent. Distinguish these constructions instead of imposing a blanket ban on every future form after the letters cuando.
Cuando and cuándo have different roles
Hopes and intentions
- Espero estudiar uses an infinitive for a hope with the same understood subject. Tengo la intención de estudiar includes de; tengo intención de estudiar is also possible.
- Me gustaría estudiar expresses a wish, while quiero estudiar is more direct. A different-subject example uses a finite clause: espero que puedas venir. Do not leave a bare infinitive immediately after que in that example.
Keep the required construction
Time expressions and context
- Mañana is tomorrow, más tarde later and el año que viene next year. Pronto can mean soon or early in context, so read the whole message rather than a single cue.
- These expressions can accompany different appropriate forms. El año que viene voy a estudiar and el año que viene estudiaré both refer to a later plan in suitable contexts; the phrase alone does not choose the construction.
Time phrases are context
An invented account and self-check
- El año que viene voy a estudiar idiomas. Después viajaré con mis amigos. Me gustaría conocer otra ciudad. The model combines a plan, a simple future and a conditional wish without claiming to describe the learner.
- Check subject, base, ending, accent and linking words. Other coherent invented or personal plans are valid; if adding cuando for a future temporal event, use the appropriate clause form rather than copying English will.
Identify forms in a fictional model
投影片
練習題
免費預覽——34 題中的 8 題。註冊即可查看全部。
1.What is the future of "hablar" (yo)?
Easy- Ahablaré
- Bhablaría
- Chablaba
- Dhablé
2.What is the future of "comer" (él)?
Easy- Acomería
- Bcomía
- Ccomió
- Dcomerá
3.What is the future of "vivir" (tú)?
Easy- Avivías
- Bviviste
- Cvivirás
- Dvivirías
4.What is the future of "tener" (yo)?
Easy- Atuve
- Btendré
- Cteneré
- Dtendría
5.What is the future of "hacer" (yo)?
Easy- Aharé
- Bhaceré
- Charía
- Dhice
6.What is the future of "poder" (yo)?
Easy- Apoderé
- Bpodría
- Cpude
- Dpodré
7.What is the future of "salir" (yo)?
Easy- Asaldría
- Bsalí
- Csaldré
- Dsaliré
8.What is the future of "venir" (él)?
Easy- Avino
- Bvendrá
- Cvenirá
- Dvendría
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