The Nightingale and the Rose – Oscar Wilde
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課程筆記
The story at a glance
- "The Nightingale and the Rose" by Oscar Wilde (1854–1900), from×The Happy Prince and Other Tales×(1888).
- A literary fairy tale: a Student weeps because the Professor's daughter will dance with him at the Prince's ball only if he brings her a red rose — and there are none in his garden.
- A Nightingale, believing him "a true lover", gives her life to create a red rose, singing all night with her breast against a thorn.
- The daughter rejects the rose for jewels; the Student throws it in the gutter and returns to his books.
- Key ideas: love and sacrifice, art and the artist, materialism, reason vs feeling, irony.
The Student and the Nightingale
- The Student cries that his life is wretched "for want of a red rose"; the Nightingale, in the oak-tree, thinks: "Here at last is a true lover."
- The Green Lizard, a Butterfly and a Daisy mock his tears: "For a red rose?" — the Lizard, "something of a cynic", laughs.
- Only the Nightingale "understood the secret of the Student's sorrow".
- She flies to three rose-trees: the white ("as white as the foam of the sea"), the yellow round the old sun-dial, and the red beneath the Student's window — whose buds were nipped by winter frost.
The terrible price
- The red Rose-tree: "you must build it out of music by moonlight, and stain it with your own heart's-blood" — singing all night with her breast against a thorn.
- "Death is a great price to pay for a red rose," she says, listing the beauties of life — yet "Love is better than Life, and what is the heart of a bird compared to the heart of a man?"
- She tells the Student to be happy and a "true lover", for "Love is wiser than Philosophy" — but he "only knew the things that are written down in books".
- The Oak-tree, who loves her, asks for one last song.
- The Student judges her song: "She has form… but has she got feeling?" — all style, without sincerity — a bitter irony, since she is about to die for love.
The making of the rose
- All night she sings, pressing closer; the cold crystal Moon leans down to listen.
- The rose grows petal by petal — pale, then pink "like the flush in the face of the bridegroom" — but the heart stays white until the thorn reaches her heart.
- At last "the marvellous rose became crimson"; with one last burst of music she dies, "with the thorn in her heart".
- The Moon, Echo and the sea carry her song: nature mourns what humans ignore.
The ending
- At noon the Student finds the rose: "Why, what a wonderful piece of luck!" — he never knows the cost; he thinks it must have "a long Latin name".
- The daughter: "I am afraid it will not go with my dress"; besides, the Chamberlain's nephew has sent real jewels, which "cost far more than flowers".
- The Student throws the rose into the street: it falls into the gutter, and a cart-wheel went over it.
- "What a silly thing Love is… It is not half as useful as Logic" — he returns to Philosophy and Metaphysics, and a "great dusty book".
- The ending is bitterly ironic: the one true lover in the story was the bird.
Methods and interpretations
- Fairy-tale form: talking animals and trees, patterns of three (three rose-trees), simple, musical prose.
- Lyrical, repetitive language and similes ("as white as the foam of the sea", "crimson as a ruby").
- Irony: the cynical Lizard, the Student who doubts the bird's feeling, the rose crushed by a cart-wheel.
- Symbolism: the red rose = love and art made from suffering; the thorn = sacrifice; jewels = materialism.
- Readings: a critique of a shallow, materialistic society; a parable of the artist who suffers to create beauty that the world does not value; echoes of Christian sacrifice.
- Section B pairings: "George Silverman's Explanation" (sacrifice misunderstood), "The Shrinking Shoe" (love), "Lappin and Lapinova" (fantasy and reality).
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練習題
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1.Who wrote 'The Nightingale and the Rose'?
Easy- AOscar Wilde
- BHans Christian Andersen
- CSaki
- DVirginia Woolf
2.Why is the Student unhappy?
Easy- AHe has failed his exams
- BHe is ill
- CHis garden is dying
- DHe has no red rose to win a dance with the Professor's daughter
3.What does the Nightingale think of the Student?
Easy- AHe is a poet
- BHe is cruel
- CHere at last is a true lover
- DHe is a fool
4.Which creature is described as 'something of a cynic'?
Medium- AThe Oak-tree
- BThe Lizard
- CThe Daisy
- DThe Butterfly
5.What colour are the roses of the tree by the old sun-dial?
Medium- AYellow
- BWhite
- CRed
- DPink
6.Why can't the red rose-tree give a rose?
Medium- AIt has been cut down
- BIt only grows white roses
- CThe Student picked them all
- DWinter frost and storm have damaged it
7.How must the Nightingale make the red rose?
Medium- ADye a white rose
- BPray to the Moon
- CSing all night with her breast against a thorn
- DSteal it from the Prince
8.What reason does the Nightingale give for her sacrifice?
Medium- AShe wants to be famous
- BLove is better than Life
- CShe is tired of living
- DThe tree forces her
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