Paragraphs and organising writing

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課程筆記

What is a Paragraph?

A paragraph is a group of sentences that work together to share one main idea.
Writers use paragraphs to make their writing clear and easy to read.
Each paragraph is like a small building block that helps build your whole story or essay.
A paragraph usually has a topic sentence, supporting details, and a closing sentence.

Parts of a Paragraph

The topic sentence tells the reader the main idea of the paragraph. It is often the first sentence.
Supporting details are sentences that give more information, examples, or facts about the main idea.
The closing sentence wraps up the paragraph and reminds the reader of the main idea.
All sentences in a paragraph should be about the same topic.

When to Start a New Paragraph

Start a new paragraph when the time changes. For example, 'Later that day...'
Start a new paragraph when the place changes. For example, 'At the park...'
Start a new paragraph when you introduce a new idea or topic.
Start a new paragraph when a different person speaks in a story (dialogue).

Linking Words and Phrases

Linking words help connect one paragraph to the next.
Use words like 'meanwhile' or 'later' to show time passing.
Use 'however' to show a contrast or a different idea.
Use 'as a result' to show a cause and effect.
Linking words make your writing flow smoothly from one idea to another.

Planning Your Writing

Good writing has a beginning, a middle, and an end.
The beginning introduces the topic and gets the reader interested.
The middle gives the main details and ideas.
The end wraps up the writing and gives a conclusion.
Before you write, make a plan or outline to organize your ideas.

Purpose and Audience

Think about the purpose of your writing: are you informing, persuading, or entertaining?
Think about your audience: who will read your writing?
Match the shape of your writing to its purpose and audience.
For example, a story for young children might be short and funny, while a report for your teacher should be clear and factual.

How to Show a New Paragraph

You can show a new paragraph by indenting the first line (moving it in a little).
You can also show a new paragraph by leaving a blank line between paragraphs.
In typing, you press the Enter key to start a new paragraph.
Sometimes, a new paragraph starts with a big capital letter called an initial.

Why Paragraphs Matter

Paragraphs make long pieces of writing easier to read and understand.
They help the reader follow your ideas step by step.
Without paragraphs, writing would be a big block of text that is hard to read.
Using paragraphs shows that you are a thoughtful writer.

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1.What is a paragraph?
Easy
- AA group of sentences about one main idea
- BA single sentence
- CA list of words
- DA punctuation mark
2.Which sentence is the topic sentence in this paragraph? "Dogs are great pets. They are loyal and love to play. They also help keep us safe. That is why many families have a dog."
Easy
- ADogs are great pets.
- BThey are loyal and love to play.
- CThey also help keep us safe.
- DThat is why many families have a dog.
3.Which of these are good reasons to start a new paragraph? (select all that apply)
Easy
- AThe time changes
- BThe place changes
- CA new person starts talking
- DYou want to make the paragraph longer
- EYou change the topic
4.A paragraph always has a topic sentence.
Easy
True or false?
5.Which linking word would best connect these two paragraphs? "We went to the beach in the morning. ___ we had lunch at a nearby cafe."
Easy
- ALater
- BHowever
- CAs a result
- DMeanwhile
6.Which sentence is the best topic sentence for a paragraph about how to make a sandwich?
Medium
- AMaking a sandwich is easy and fun.
- BFirst, get two slices of bread.
- CYou can use peanut butter or cheese.
- DSandwiches are a popular lunch food.
7.Which sentence does NOT belong in a paragraph about the life cycle of a frog?
Medium
- AFrogs lay eggs in water.
- BThe tadpole grows legs.
- CCats are independent animals.
- DThe froglet becomes an adult frog.
8.Put these sentences in the correct order for a paragraph:
Medium
- First, mix flour and sugar in a bowl.
- Making a cake is simple.
- Then, bake it in the oven.
- Finally, enjoy your cake.

複習筆記

## Paragraphs and Organising Writing – Revision Notes ### What is a paragraph? A **paragraph** is a group of sentences about **one main idea**. Writers use paragraphs to make their writing clear and easy to read. Each paragraph is like a small box that holds one idea. ### Parts of a paragraph A good paragraph has three parts: - **Topic sentence**: tells the reader the main idea of the paragraph. It is often the first sentence. - **Supporting details**: sentences that give more information, examples, or reasons about the main idea. - **Closing sentence**: ends the paragraph and reminds the reader of the main idea. ### When to start a new paragraph Start a new paragraph when there is a change in: - **Time** (e.g., 'Later that day...') - **Place** (e.g., 'At the park...') - **Topic** (e.g., moving from talking about dogs to cats) - **Speaker** (in dialogue, each new speaker gets a new paragraph) ### Linking words Use linking words to connect paragraphs and show how ideas relate: - **Meanwhile** – shows things happening at the same time - **Later** – shows time passing - **However** – shows a contrast or opposite idea - **As a result** – shows a consequence or effect ### Planning your writing Before you write, plan your piece with a **beginning**, **middle**, and **end**. Think about your **purpose** (why you are writing) and your **reader** (who will read it). This helps you organise your ideas. ### How to show a new paragraph in writing In modern English, we usually show a new paragraph by: - **Indenting** the first line (moving it in a little), or - Leaving a **blank line** between paragraphs (called 'block paragraphs'). ### Remember - One paragraph = one main idea. - Use topic sentences, details, and closing sentences. - Start a new paragraph for a new time, place, topic, or speaker. - Use linking words to connect ideas. - Plan your writing with a beginning, middle, and end.

paragraph: A group of sentences that all talk about one main idea.
topic sentence: The sentence that tells the reader the main idea of the paragraph.
supporting details: Sentences that give more information, examples, or reasons about the main idea.
closing sentence: The last sentence of a paragraph that reminds the reader of the main idea.
linking words: Words like 'meanwhile', 'later', 'however', and 'as a result' that connect paragraphs and show how ideas relate.
indent: To start a line of writing further from the left edge than the other lines, often used to show a new paragraph.
block paragraph: A paragraph that is separated from the next by a blank line, with no indentation.

字卡

What is a paragraph?

A paragraph is a group of sentences about one main idea. It helps organize writing so readers can follow along easily.

Why do writers use paragraphs?

Writers use paragraphs to organize their ideas. Each paragraph has one main idea, which makes writing clearer and easier to read.

What is a topic sentence?

A topic sentence tells the main idea of a paragraph. It is usually the first sentence.

What are supporting details?

Supporting details are sentences that give more information about the main idea. They can include facts, examples, or descriptions.

What is a closing sentence?

A closing sentence is the last sentence of a paragraph. It sums up the main idea or helps the reader move to the next paragraph.

When should you start a new paragraph?

Start a new paragraph when there is a change in time, place, topic, or speaker. This helps keep each paragraph focused on one idea.

Give an example of a change in time that would start a new paragraph.

If you are writing about your day, you might start a new paragraph when you move from morning to afternoon. For example, 'Later that afternoon...'

Give an example of a change in place that would start a new paragraph.

If you are describing a trip, you might start a new paragraph when you move from home to school. For example, 'When we arrived at school...'

Give an example of a change in topic that would start a new paragraph.

If you are writing about your pet, you might start a new paragraph when you switch from talking about what it eats to how it plays.

Give an example of a change in speaker that would start a new paragraph.

In a story, each time a different character speaks, you start a new paragraph. For example, 'Hi!' said Tom. 'Hello,' said Maria.

What are linking words?

Linking words are words that connect ideas or paragraphs. Examples include 'meanwhile', 'later', 'however', and 'as a result'.

What does 'meanwhile' mean?

'Meanwhile' means at the same time. It is a linking word that connects two things happening at once.

What does 'later' mean?

'Later' means after some time. It is a linking word that shows a change in time.

What does 'however' mean?

'However' means 'but' or 'on the other hand'. It is a linking word that shows a contrast or a different idea.

What does 'as a result' mean?

'As a result' means 'because of that'. It is a linking word that shows a cause and effect.

Why do we use linking words between paragraphs?

Linking words help connect paragraphs so the writing flows smoothly. They show how ideas are related, like time, contrast, or cause.

What are the three parts of a well-organized piece of writing?

A well-organized piece of writing has a beginning, a middle, and an end. The beginning introduces the topic, the middle gives details, and the end wraps it up.

What is a plan for writing?

A plan is a list of ideas you want to write about. It helps you organize your thoughts before you start writing.

Why is it important to plan your writing?

Planning helps you organize your ideas and make sure your writing has a clear beginning, middle, and end. It makes writing easier and better.

What does 'purpose' mean in writing?

Purpose is the reason you are writing. For example, to inform, to persuade, or to entertain.

What does 'audience' mean in writing?

Audience is the person or people who will read your writing. You write differently for a friend than for a teacher.

How does the shape of your writing match its purpose?

If you are telling a story, you have a beginning, middle, and end. If you are giving information, you might use paragraphs with headings. The shape helps you achieve your purpose.

What is an indent?

An indent is a small space at the beginning of a line. In writing, we often indent the first line of a paragraph to show it is new.

What is a block paragraph?

A block paragraph has no indent. Instead, there is a blank line between paragraphs. This is common on computers and the internet.

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