Types & Methods Of Data Transmission

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Data Packets

Packets are small 'chunks' of data that make up a larger piece of data broken down by TCP (Transmission Control Protocol).
Small packets are easier and quicker to route over the internet than large chunks.
Each packet contains a header (source IP, destination IP, packet number), a payload (actual data), and optionally a trailer (security info, end-of-packet notification).
Error checks (e.g., parity bits) are added to detect corruption — data being changed, lost, or extra data added.
If a packet is corrupted or lost, the receiver can request a resend of only that packet, not the whole file.

Packet Switching

Packet switching is a method of sending packets across a network using routers.
Data is broken into packets, each assigned a header with source/destination IP and packet number.
Routers use routing tables to send each packet along the most optimal path, avoiding traffic.
Packets may take different routes and arrive out of order; they are reassembled using packet numbers.
Advantages: minimal interference/corruption (individual packets can be resent), quicker than sending one large packet, harder to hack as each packet contains minimal data.

Serial & Parallel Transmission

Serial transmission: bits sent one at a time along a single wire. Example: USB.
Parallel transmission: multiple bits sent simultaneously on separate wires. Example: traditional printer cable.
Serial advantages: reliable over longer distances, cheaper, low interference. Disadvantage: slower.
Parallel advantages: very fast. Disadvantages: only used over short distances, prone to interference and skew (timing differences).

Simplex, Half-Duplex & Full-Duplex

Simplex: data travels in one direction only (e.g., computer to monitor).
Half-duplex: data travels both ways but only one direction at a time (e.g., printer cable sending data then receiving 'low ink' message).
Full-duplex: data travels both ways simultaneously (e.g., network cables in LAN/WAN).
Full-duplex is fastest but most expensive; half-duplex is cheaper than full-duplex for two-way communication; simplex is simplest and cheapest.

Combinations of Transmission Methods

Wires can combine serial/parallel with simplex/half-duplex/full-duplex (e.g., Serial-Simplex, Serial-Half-duplex, Serial-Full-duplex, Parallel-Simplex, Parallel-Half-duplex, Parallel-Full-duplex).
Serial-Simplex: one bit at a time, one direction, single wire.
Serial-Half-duplex: one bit at a time, both directions but not simultaneously, typically one shared wire.
Serial-Full-duplex: one bit at a time, both directions simultaneously, requires two wires.
Parallel-Simplex: multiple bits simultaneously, one direction, multiple wires.
Parallel-Half-duplex: multiple bits simultaneously, both directions but one at a time, multiple wires.
Parallel-Full-duplex: multiple bits simultaneously, both directions at once, multiple wires.

Universal Serial Bus (USB)

USB is a widely used standard for serial, asynchronous data transmission between devices.
Common devices: keyboards, mice, printers, disk drives, network adapters, mobile phones.
Connector types: USB-A (flash drives, mice), USB-B (printers, scanners), USB-C (latest, small, high speed, carries power).
Speed generations: USB 1.1 (12 Mbps), USB 2.0 (480 Mbps), USB 3.x (5–20 Gbps), USB4 (up to 80 Gbps).
When connected, the computer automatically detects the device and loads the appropriate driver; if not found, the user must install it manually.
Advantages: automatic detection, keyed connectors (fit one way), standardised support, backwards compatible, various speeds.
Disadvantages: maximum cable length ~5 metres, older versions have limited speeds, very old standards may become unsupported.

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1.What does TCP stand for?
Easy
- ATransmission Control Protocol
- BTransfer Control Protocol
- CTransmission Check Protocol
- DTransport Control Protocol
2.Which of the following is a component of a data packet?
Easy
- AHeader
- BChecksum
- CRouter
- DSwitch
3.What type of data transmission does USB use?
Easy
- ASerial
- BParallel
- CSimplex
- DHalf-duplex
4.In which type of transmission can data travel in both directions simultaneously?
Easy
- AFull-duplex
- BHalf-duplex
- CSimplex
- DSerial
5.Which of the following is an advantage of serial transmission over parallel transmission?
Medium
- AReliable over longer distances
- BFaster transmission speed
- CTransmits multiple bits at once
- DLess prone to skew
6.A printer cable that waits for data to be received before sending back a 'low ink' message is an example of which type of transmission?
Medium
- AHalf-duplex
- BSimplex
- CFull-duplex
- DParallel
7.What is the purpose of the packet number in a data packet header?
Easy
- ATo allow packets to be reassembled in the correct order
- BTo identify the source of the packet
- CTo encrypt the payload
- DTo specify the route the packet should take
8.Which USB version has a maximum data transfer rate of 480 Mbps?
Easy
- AUSB 2.0
- BUSB 1.1
- CUSB 3.0
- DUSB4

Plus de questions

9.A company uses parallel half-duplex transmission to upload large video files to a web server. Which of the following best explains why this method is appropriate?
Hard
- AParallel provides fast transmission for large files, and half-duplex allows both upload and download, though not simultaneously, which is sufficient.
- BParallel is cheaper than serial for long distances, and half-duplex allows simultaneous two-way communication.
- CParallel reduces interference over long distances, and half-duplex ensures data is sent one bit at a time.
- DParallel is slower but more reliable, and half-duplex allows data to be sent in both directions at once.
10.Which of the following is a disadvantage of USB?
Easy
- AMaximum cable length is roughly 5 metres
- BConnectors fit in only one way
- CDevices are automatically detected
- DSupports different transmission speeds
11.In packet switching, what happens if a packet does not reach its destination?
Easy
- AThe receiver sends a resend request to the sender
- BThe packet is automatically rerouted
- CThe entire file is resent
- DThe packet is ignored
12.Which of the following best describes the difference between serial and parallel transmission?
Easy
- ASerial sends bits one at a time on a single wire; parallel sends multiple bits simultaneously on separate wires.
- BSerial sends multiple bits simultaneously on separate wires; parallel sends bits one at a time on a single wire.
- CSerial is faster than parallel over short distances.
- DParallel is more reliable than serial over long distances.
13.Which of the following is NOT a component of a data packet header?
Easy
- ASource IP address
- BDestination IP address
- CPacket number
- DPayload
14.A file is broken into 5 packets for transmission. Packet 3 is lost during transmission. What happens?
Easy
- AThe entire file is resent
- BThe receiver requests resending of packet 3 only
- CThe sender automatically resends all packets
- DThe transmission continues without packet 3
15.Which of the following is an advantage of packet switching over sending a single large packet?
Medium
- AAll data arrives at the same time
- BInterference is more likely to be detected
- CIndividual packets can take different routes to avoid congestion
- DThe entire file can be resent quickly if corrupted
16.Which type of data transmission is used by USB?
Easy
- ASerial
- BParallel
- CSimplex
- DFull-duplex
17.A keyboard is connected to a computer via USB. The keyboard sends keystroke data to the computer, and the computer never sends data back to the keyboard. Which transmission method best describes this?
Medium
- ASerial half-duplex
- BSerial simplex
- CParallel simplex
- DSerial full-duplex
18.A network cable is used to send and receive data at the same time. Which type of transmission does this represent?
Easy
- ASimplex
- BHalf-duplex
- CFull-duplex
- DSerial
19.A scientist needs to transmit data from a sensor 100 metres away to a computer. Which transmission method is most suitable?
Medium
- AParallel serial
- BSerial simplex
- CParallel full-duplex
- DSerial half-duplex
20.What is the maximum cable length for USB?
Easy
- A2 metres
- B5 metres
- C10 metres
- D15 metres
21.A user connects a USB 3.0 device to a USB 2.0 port. What is the maximum transfer speed that will be achieved?
Easy
- A480 Mbps
- B5 Gbps
- C12 Mbps
- D80 Gbps
22.Which of the following is a component of a data packet header?
Easy
- APacket number
- BPayload
- CTrailer
- DError check
23.A keyboard is connected to a computer via USB. The keyboard sends keystroke data to the computer, and the computer never sends data back to the keyboard. Which type of data transmission is being used?
Easy
- ASimplex
- BHalf-duplex
- CFull-duplex
- DParallel
24.A sensor transmits temperature readings to a computer every second. The computer never sends data back to the sensor. Which type of transmission is being used?
Medium
- ASerial half-duplex
- BSerial simplex
- CParallel half-duplex
- DParallel full-duplex
25.A USB 3.0 device is connected to a USB 2.0 port. What is the maximum data transfer speed?
Easy
- A5 Gbps
- B480 Mbps
- C12 Mbps
- D80 Gbps
26.A network uses packet switching to send a 10 MB file. The file is split into 100 packets. During transmission, 3 packets are corrupted. How much data needs to be resent?
Easy
- A10 MB
- B0.3 MB
- C3 packets worth of data
- DThe entire file
27.A keyboard is connected to a computer via USB. The keyboard sends keystroke data to the computer, and the computer never sends data back to the keyboard. Which transmission methods are used?
Medium
- ASerial half-duplex
- BSerial simplex
- CParallel simplex
- DSerial full-duplex
28.In packet switching, what is the role of routers?
Easy
- ATo break data into packets
- BTo assign packet numbers
- CTo determine the best route for each packet
- DTo reassemble packets at the destination
29.In packet switching, what is the purpose of the packet number in the header?
Easy
- ATo identify the source IP address
- BTo allow the receiver to reassemble packets in the correct order
- CTo determine the fastest route for the packet
- DTo encrypt the payload data
30.Which of the following is an example of simplex transmission?
Easy
- AA network cable sending and receiving data simultaneously
- BA printer cable waiting for data before sending a 'low ink' message
- CSending data from a computer to a monitor
- DA USB flash drive transferring data to a computer
31.A keyboard is connected to a computer via USB. The keyboard sends keystroke data to the computer, and the computer never sends data back to the keyboard. Which type of transmission does this represent?
Medium
- ASerial half-duplex
- BSerial simplex
- CParallel simplex
- DSerial full-duplex
32.A file is split into 10 packets for transmission. Packet 7 is corrupted during transmission. Which statement best describes what happens?
Easy
- AOnly packet 7 is resent.
- BAll 10 packets are resent.
- CThe entire file is resent from the start.
- DThe receiver ignores the error and continues.
33.A network uses packet switching to send a 2 MB file. The file is split into 200 packets of equal size. Each packet header is 64 bytes. What is the total size of the data being transmitted, including headers?
Hard
- A2.0128 MB
- B2.128 MB
- C2.64 MB
34.A company transmits large video files from a local office to a server 2 metres away. Which transmission method is most appropriate?
Medium
- AParallel half-duplex
- BSerial simplex
- CParallel full-duplex
- DSerial half-duplex
35.A sensor transmits temperature readings to a computer every second. The computer never sends data back. The sensor is 10 metres from the computer. Which of the following combinations is most appropriate?
Medium
- ASerial simplex
- BParallel simplex
- CSerial half-duplex
- DParallel half-duplex
36.Which component of a data packet contains the actual data being sent?
Easy
- APayload
- BHeader
- CTrailer
- DPacket number
37.Which of the following is a disadvantage of parallel transmission compared to serial transmission?
Medium
- AMore prone to interference and data skew
- BSlower transmission speed
- CMore expensive over long distances
- DCannot be used with simplex transmission
38.A network uses packet switching. A 5 MB file is split into 500 packets. During transmission, 2 packets are lost. How much data needs to be retransmitted?
Easy
- A2 packets only
- BAll 500 packets
- CThe entire 5 MB file
- D1 packet only
39.Which of the following best describes serial transmission?
Easy
- ABits are sent one at a time along a single wire
- BMultiple bits are sent simultaneously along separate wires
- CData is sent in both directions at the same time
- DData is sent in only one direction
40.A keyboard is connected to a computer via USB. The keyboard sends keystroke data to the computer, and the computer never sends data back to the keyboard. Which type of transmission is being used?
Easy
- ASimplex
- BHalf-duplex
- CFull-duplex
- DSerial half-duplex
41.In packet switching, all packets of a message take the same route to the destination.
Easy
True or false?
42.Which type of data transmission sends multiple bits simultaneously along separate wires?
Easy
- ASerial
- BParallel
- CSimplex
- DFull-duplex
43.A television broadcast from a station to a home is an example of which transmission mode?
Easy
- ASimplex
- BHalf-duplex
- CFull-duplex
- DSerial
44.Which of the following are advantages of packet switching? (Select all that apply)
Medium
- AThe whole file does not need to be resent if a packet is lost
- BPackets always arrive in order
- CIt is harder to hack individual data as packets travel separately
- DIt is slower than sending one large packet
45.Match each transmission mode to its correct description.
Medium
- Simplex
- Half-duplex
- Full-duplex
- Data travels in both directions simultaneously
- Data travels in one direction only
- Data travels in both directions but only one at a time
46.Arrange the following steps of packet switching in the correct order.
Medium
- Data is broken down into packets
- Packets are assigned a header
- Packets make their way to the destination via routers
- Packets arrive and are reordered correctly
47.A device uses serial half-duplex transmission. Which of the following best describes its operation?
Medium
- AData is sent one bit at a time in both directions simultaneously on two wires
- BData is sent one bit at a time in both directions but not at the same time on a single wire
- CMultiple bits are sent simultaneously in one direction only
- DData is sent one bit at a time in one direction only
48.Which of the following are components of a data packet header? (Select all that apply)
Medium
- ASource IP address
- BPayload
- CDestination IP address
- DPacket number
- ETrailer
49.An office has a printer connected via a parallel cable. The printer receives data from the computer and then sends a status message back. The computer and printer never send data at the same time. Which type of data transmission is being used?
Medium
- ASerial half-duplex
- BParallel half-duplex
- CParallel full-duplex
- DSerial simplex
50.In packet switching, all packets of a single message always take the same route to the destination.
Easy
True or false?
51.Complete the sentence.
Easy
USB is an example of ____ transmission.
52.What is the maximum data transfer rate of USB 2.0 in Mbps?
Easy
53.State the type of data transmission used in a USB connection.
Easy
54.A file of size 10 MB is to be transmitted using packet switching. The file is split into packets of size 1000 bytes each. Each packet has a header of 64 bytes. Calculate the total number of bytes transmitted, including headers.
Medium
55.A USB 3.0 device transfers data at 5 Gbps. How many seconds will it take to transfer a 1.25 GB file? (1 GB = 10⁹ bytes, 1 byte = 8 bits)
Hard
56.Describe how a computer automatically detects and installs a driver for a newly connected USB device.
Medium
57.Explain why parallel transmission is not suitable for long-distance data transmission.
Medium
58.What is the maximum data transfer rate of USB 2.0 in Mbps?
Easy
- A528 Mbps
- B480 Mbps
- C576 Mbps
- D432 Mbps
59.A file of size 10 MB is to be transmitted using packet switching. The file is split into packets of size 1000 bytes each. Each packet has a header of 64 bytes. Calculate the total number of bytes transmitted, including headers.
Medium
- A9677 bytes
- B11827 bytes
- C12902 bytes
- D10752 bytes
60.A USB 3.0 device transfers data at 5 Gbps. How many seconds will it take to transfer a 1.25 GB file? (1 GB = 10⁹ bytes, 1 byte = 8 bits)
Hard
- A1 seconds
- B3 seconds
- C2 seconds
- D4 seconds

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