Plant and animal cells

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Notes de leçon

Cell Basics

All animals and plants are made of tiny cells, the basic building blocks of life.
Cells can only be seen with a microscope.
Cells contain organelles that carry out different functions.

Organelles in Both Plant and Animal Cells

Cell membrane – controls what enters and leaves the cell.
Nucleus – controls cell activities and contains genetic material.
Cytoplasm – where chemical reactions happen.
Mitochondria – where aerobic respiration occurs, releasing energy from glucose.

Organelles Only in Plant Cells

Cell wall – covers the cell membrane and gives strength.
Vacuole – contains cell sap (a solution of sugars and salts).
Chloroplasts – where photosynthesis takes place; contain the green pigment chlorophyll.

Key Differences

Plant cells have a cell wall, vacuole, and chloroplasts; animal cells do not.
Both cell types have a cell membrane, nucleus, cytoplasm, and mitochondria.
The cell wall is made of cellulose and provides structural support.

Diagram

Diapos

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Questions d'entraînement

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1.Which of the following is found in both plant and animal cells?
Easy
- ACell wall
- BChloroplast
- CNucleus
- DVacuole
2.Which organelle is only found in plant cells?
Easy
- AMitochondrion
- BCell membrane
- CChloroplast
- DCytoplasm
3.Which of the following is NOT found in an animal cell?
Easy
- ACell wall
- BCell membrane
- CNucleus
- DMitochondria
4.A student observes a cell under a microscope and sees a cell wall, a large vacuole, and chloroplasts. What type of cell is it most likely to be?
Medium
- AAnimal cell
- BBacterial cell
- CPlant cell
- DFungal cell
5.What is the function of the cell membrane?
Easy
- AControls the activities of the cell
- BControls what goes in and out of the cell
- CWhere chemical reactions happen
- DWhere aerobic respiration takes place
6.What is the function of the nucleus?
Easy
- AControls the activities of the cell
- BCarries out respiration
- CStores cell sap
- DControls what enters and leaves the cell
7.Which organelle is responsible for controlling the activities of the cell?
Easy
- ACytoplasm
- BMitochondrion
- CNucleus
- DCell membrane
8.Which organelle is the site of aerobic respiration?
Easy
- ANucleus
- BChloroplast
- CMitochondrion
- DVacuole

Plus de questions

9.A scientist measures the rate of oxygen production in two types of cells. Cell A produces oxygen in the light, while Cell B does not produce oxygen. Which statement is most likely correct?
Medium
- ACell A contains chloroplasts, Cell B does not.
- BCell A contains mitochondria, Cell B does not.
- CCell A is an animal cell, Cell B is a plant cell.
- DCell A is undergoing respiration, Cell B is not.
10.A scientist treats a plant cell with a chemical that destroys the cell wall. What would most likely happen to the cell?
Hard
- AIt would burst when placed in pure water.
- BIt would shrink in a concentrated sugar solution.
- CIt would lose its chloroplasts.
- DIt would stop respiring.
11.Which statement about plant and animal cells is correct?
Medium
- ABoth have a cell wall.
- BOnly plant cells have a nucleus.
- CBoth have mitochondria.
- DOnly animal cells have a cell membrane.
12.A student claims that 'animal cells contain chloroplasts but plant cells do not'. Is this statement true or false?
Medium
- ATrue
- BFalse, because animal cells do not have chloroplasts
- CFalse, because plant cells do have chloroplasts
- DFalse, because both have chloroplasts
13.A student prepares a wet mount of an onion epidermal cell and observes it under a light microscope. Which of the following organelles would the student NOT be able to see without staining?
Medium
- ACell wall
- BNucleus
- CCytoplasm
- DMitochondria
14.A student uses a light microscope to view a cell. The cell has a cell wall, a large central vacuole, and many chloroplasts. Which type of cell is the student most likely observing?
Medium
- ALiver cell
- BRoot hair cell
- CPalisade mesophyll cell
- DRed blood cell
15.A student prepares slides of an onion cell and a human cheek cell. After staining with iodine, which organelle would be visible in both cell types?
Medium
- ACell wall
- BChloroplast
- CNucleus
- DLarge vacuole
16.The diagram below shows the organelles of an animal cell and a plant cell. Which labelled structure is responsible for photosynthesis?
Medium
- AChloroplast
- BNucleus
- CMitochondrion
- DVacuole
17.In plant and animal cells, which structure is the site of aerobic respiration?
Medium
- AMitochondrion
- BNucleus
- CCytoplasm
- DCell membrane
18.Both plant and animal cells have cell walls.
Easy
True or false?
19.Plant cells contain a vacuole.
Easy
True or false?
20.Match each organelle to its correct function.
Medium
- Nucleus
- Mitochondria
- Cell wall
- Vacuole
- Controls cell activities
- Aerobic respiration
- Gives strength to plant cells
- Contains cell sap
21.Select all organelles that are present in both plant and animal cells.
Medium
- ACell wall
- BNucleus
- CChloroplast
- DCytoplasm
- EMitochondria
22.Place the following steps in the correct order to describe how a plant cell uses sunlight to produce glucose: (1) chloroplasts absorb sunlight, (2) photosynthesis occurs, (3) glucose is produced, (4) chlorophyll captures light energy.
Medium
- Chloroplasts absorb sunlight
- Chlorophyll captures light energy
- Photosynthesis occurs
- Glucose is produced
23.Complete the sentence using the correct organelle.
Easy
The ____ controls what goes in and out of the cell.
24.State the four organelles that plant and animal cells both have.
Easy
25.State the three organelles that only plant cells have.
Easy
____, ____ and ____
26.Explain why plant cells have chloroplasts but animal cells do not.
Medium

Notes de révision

## Plant and Animal Cells - All living things are made of **cells**, the basic building blocks of life. - Cells contain **organelles** that carry out specific functions. ### Common Organelles (both plant and animal cells) - **Cell membrane**: controls what enters and leaves the cell. - **Nucleus**: contains genetic material and controls cell activities (growth, reproduction). - **Cytoplasm**: site of chemical reactions. - **Mitochondria**: site of **aerobic respiration** – releases energy from glucose. ### Plant-Only Organelles - **Cell wall**: strengthens and supports the cell (outside the cell membrane). - **Vacuole**: contains cell sap (sugars and salts). - **Chloroplast**: site of **photosynthesis** – produces glucose; contains green pigment **chlorophyll**. ### Key Differences - Animal cells: no cell wall, no vacuole (or small temporary ones), no chloroplasts. - Plant cells: have cell wall, large permanent vacuole, chloroplasts (in green parts). ### Quick Check - Both have: cell membrane, nucleus, cytoplasm, mitochondria. - Only plants have: cell wall, vacuole, chloroplast. - True/False: (a) False (only plants have cell walls); (b) True; (c) False (both have nucleus); (d) True; (e) False (nucleus controls activities).

Cell: The basic building block of all living organisms.
Organelle: A structure inside a cell that carries out a specific function.
Cell membrane: Controls what goes in and out of the cell.
Nucleus: Controls the activities of the cell by housing genetic material and coordinating cell functions like growth and reproduction.
Cytoplasm: Where chemical reactions happen.
Mitochondria: Where aerobic respiration happens; releases energy from glucose.
Cell wall: Covers the cell membrane and gives strength to a plant cell.
Chloroplast: Where photosynthesis takes place; contains the green pigment chlorophyll.
Vacuole: Contains cell sap (a solution of sugars and salts).
Aerobic respiration: A chemical reaction that releases energy stored in glucose so that it can be used to fuel cell activities.
Photosynthesis: A chemical reaction that produces glucose.

Cartes mémo

What are the basic building blocks of life?

Cells are the basic building blocks of life.

What are organelles?

Organelles are parts of a cell that serve different purposes.

Name the four organelles that both plant and animal cells have.

Cell membrane, nucleus, cytoplasm, mitochondria.

Name the three organelles that only plant cells have.

Cell wall, vacuole, chloroplast.

What is the function of the cell membrane?

The cell membrane controls what goes in and out of the cell.

What is the function of the nucleus?

The nucleus controls the activities of the cell by housing genetic material and coordinating cell functions like growth and reproduction.

What happens in the cytoplasm?

Chemical reactions happen in the cytoplasm.

What happens in the mitochondria?

Aerobic respiration happens in the mitochondria, releasing energy stored in glucose to fuel cell activities.

What is the function of the cell wall?

The cell wall covers the cell membrane and gives strength to a plant cell.

Where does photosynthesis take place?

Photosynthesis takes place in the chloroplast.

What does the chloroplast contain?

Chloroplasts contain the green pigment chlorophyll.

What is the function of the vacuole?

The vacuole contains cell sap, a solution of sugars and salts.

True or false: Both plant and animal cells have cell walls.

False. Only plant cells have cell walls.

True or false: Both plant and animal cells have cell membranes.

True.

True or false: Only animal cells contain a nucleus.

False. Both plant and animal cells contain a nucleus.

True or false: Plant cells contain a vacuole.

True.

True or false: The mitochondria control the activities of a cell.

False. The nucleus controls the activities of the cell.

What is respiration?

Respiration is a chemical reaction that releases energy stored in glucose.

What does photosynthesis produce?

Photosynthesis produces glucose.

What is cell sap?

Cell sap is a solution of sugars and salts found in the vacuole.

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