Internal energy and energy transfers

9.Place the following stages of a heating curve in the correct order as energy is supplied to a solid substance until it becomes a gas.

10.A substance has a specific latent heat of fusion of 330 000 J/kg. How much energy is required to melt 0.5 kg of the substance at its melting point?

11.Which of the following would cause the internal energy of a system to increase? (Select all that apply)

12.A pure solid is heated at a constant rate until it becomes a gas. Which of the following statements are correct? (Select all that apply)

13.Which of the following are units of specific latent heat? (Select all that apply)

14.Which of the following best describes the internal energy of a system?

15.A student heats 0.5 kg of a liquid and its temperature rises by 20 °C. The specific heat capacity of the liquid is 3000 J/kg °C. How much energy is transferred to the liquid?

16.The specific latent heat of vaporisation of a substance is 2.0 × 10⁶ J/kg. How much energy is needed to vaporise 0.25 kg of the substance at its boiling point?

17.A substance has a specific heat capacity of 2000 J/kg °C and a specific latent heat of fusion of 3.0 × 10⁵ J/kg. How much energy is needed to raise the temperature of 2 kg of the solid by 10 °C and then melt it at its melting point?

18.The temperature of a substance remains constant while it is boiling, even though energy is being transferred to it.

19.The specific heat capacity of a substance is the energy required to change the state of 1 kg of the substance without a change in temperature.

20.During a change of state, the potential energy of the particles increases while the kinetic energy remains constant.

21.Match each term with its correct description.

22.Place the following stages in the correct order as a solid is heated until it becomes a gas.

23.What is happening to the substance during the first plateau?

24.What is happening to the substance during the second plateau?

25.Which of the following statements about a substance during a change of state is correct?

26.A solid is heated at a constant rate until it melts. Which statement about the energy transferred during melting is correct?

27.A substance has a specific heat capacity of 900 J/kg °C. How much energy is required to raise the temperature of 0.5 kg of the substance by 10 °C?

28.The specific latent heat of vaporisation of a substance is 1.5 × 10⁶ J/kg. How much energy is required to vaporise 0.2 kg of the substance at its boiling point?

29.A student heats 0.2 kg of a solid and its temperature rises by 25 °C. The specific heat capacity of the solid is 800 J/kg °C. Calculate the energy transferred.

30.A substance has a specific heat capacity of 500 J/kg °C and a specific latent heat of fusion of 2.0 × 10⁵ J/kg. How much energy is needed to raise the temperature of 0.5 kg of the solid by 20 °C and then melt it at its melting point?

31.A pure solid is heated at a constant rate. The graph of temperature against time shows two plateaus. Which statement about the energy supplied during the plateaus is correct?

32.A substance has a specific heat capacity of 2000 J/kg °C and a specific latent heat of vaporisation of 5.0 × 10⁵ J/kg. How much energy is required to heat 0.1 kg of the liquid from 20 °C to its boiling point at 80 °C and then completely vaporise it?

33.A cooling curve for a gas is plotted. Which of the following statements about the cooling curve is correct?

34.The specific latent heat of fusion of water is 3.3 × 10⁵ J/kg. How much energy is required to melt 0.2 kg of ice at 0 °C?

35.A student heats 0.3 kg of a substance. The temperature rises from 20 °C to 70 °C. The energy supplied is 9000 J. Calculate the specific heat capacity of the substance.

36.Which of the following statements about internal energy are correct? (Select all that apply)

37.The temperature of a substance increases while it is melting.

38.Specific latent heat is the energy required to change the state of 1 kg of a substance without a change in temperature.

39.Which statement about the energy supplied during the plateaus is correct?

40.A student supplies 12 000 J of energy to an aluminium block with an electric heater and uses the temperature rise to calculate the specific heat capacity. The value obtained is higher than the accepted value for aluminium (910 J/kg °C). Which of the following is the most likely reason for this?

41.Complete the definitions by filling in the blanks.

42.Calculate the energy required to raise the temperature of 2 kg of water by 10 °C. The specific heat capacity of water is 4200 J/kg °C. Give your answer in joules.

43.Calculate the energy required to raise the temperature of 3 kg of a substance by 15 °C. The specific heat capacity of the substance is 500 J/kg °C. Give your answer in joules.

44.Calculate the energy required to melt 0.8 kg of a solid at its melting point. The specific latent heat of fusion is 150 000 J/kg. Give your answer in joules.

45.Complete the sentence about specific heat capacity.

46.Complete the equation for a change of state.

47.What is the name of the energy required to change the state of 1 kg of a substance with no change in temperature?

48.Calculate the energy required to melt 0.8 kg of a solid at its melting point. The specific latent heat of fusion is 150000 J/kg. Give your answer in joules.

49.Calculate the energy required to raise the temperature of 0.4 kg of aluminium by 15 °C. The specific heat capacity of aluminium is 910 J/kg °C. Give your answer in joules.

50.A 2.5 kg block of copper is heated and its temperature rises by 8 °C. The specific heat capacity of copper is 390 J/kg °C. Calculate the energy transferred to the copper. Give your answer in joules.

51.Calculate the energy needed to melt 0.75 kg of ice at 0 °C. The specific latent heat of fusion of water is 3.3 × 10⁵ J/kg. Give your answer in joules.

52.How much energy is required to vaporise 0.3 kg of water at 100 °C? The specific latent heat of vaporisation of water is 2.26 × 10⁶ J/kg. Give your answer in joules.

53.Explain why the temperature of a substance remains constant while it is melting, even though energy is being transferred to it.

54.A student heats a solid until it becomes a gas. Describe what happens to the energy supplied during the two plateaus on the heating curve.

55.Describe a method the student could use to determine the specific heat capacity of the aluminium block, including the measurements taken and how the result is calculated.

56.Calculate the energy required to raise the temperature of 2 kg of water by 10 °C. The specific heat capacity of water is 4200 J/kg °C. Give your answer in joules.

57.Calculate the energy required to raise the temperature of 3 kg of a substance by 15 °C. The specific heat capacity of the substance is 500 J/kg °C. Give your answer in joules.

58.Calculate the energy required to melt 0.8 kg of a solid at its melting point. The specific latent heat of fusion is 150 000 J/kg. Give your answer in joules.

59.Calculate the energy required to melt 0.8 kg of a solid at its melting point. The specific latent heat of fusion is 150000 J/kg. Give your answer in joules.

60.Calculate the energy required to raise the temperature of 0.4 kg of aluminium by 15 °C. The specific heat capacity of aluminium is 910 J/kg °C. Give your answer in joules.

61.A 2.5 kg block of copper is heated and its temperature rises by 8 °C. The specific heat capacity of copper is 390 J/kg °C. Calculate the energy transferred to the copper. Give your answer in joules.

62.Calculate the energy needed to melt 0.75 kg of ice at 0 °C. The specific latent heat of fusion of water is 3.3 × 10⁵ J/kg. Give your answer in joules.

63.How much energy is required to vaporise 0.3 kg of water at 100 °C? The specific latent heat of vaporisation of water is 2.26 × 10⁶ J/kg. Give your answer in joules.