Pregnancy

9.Which of the following is NOT a function of the amniotic fluid?

10.What is the role of the umbilical cord?

11.After implantation, the developing baby is first called an embryo. At what stage does it become a foetus?

12.Which structure remains closed during pregnancy to keep the baby inside?

13.The table below shows the average mass of a foetus at different weeks of pregnancy. At which week does the foetus gain the most mass? Week 20: 0.3 kg Week 25: 0.7 kg Week 30: 1.2 kg Week 35: 2.4 kg Week 40: 3.4 kg

14.During a pregnancy scan, the diameter of the foetal head is measured and plotted on a growth chart. If the head diameter is below the 10th percentile, what might this indicate?

15.A study measured the concentration of progesterone in the blood of a pregnant woman. In early pregnancy, progesterone levels are high to maintain the uterine lining. If progesterone levels drop sharply at week 38, what is the most likely outcome?

16.The graph shows the change in the size of the uterus during pregnancy. The size increases slowly in the first trimester, then more rapidly in the second, and plateaus in the third. Which statement best explains the plateau in the third trimester?

17.A pregnant woman is advised to take folic acid supplements. Folic acid is known to reduce the risk of neural tube defects in the developing embryo. During which period is this supplement most critical?

18.In an experiment, researchers measured the oxygen concentration in blood from the umbilical vein (carrying blood from placenta to foetus) and the umbilical artery (carrying blood from foetus to placenta). Which set of results would you expect?

19.A pregnant woman's blood volume increases by about 50% during pregnancy. Which of the following is a direct benefit of this increase?

20.A foetus at 24 weeks has a heartbeat of 140 beats per minute (bpm). At 40 weeks, the heartbeat is 120 bpm. Which is the most likely explanation for this decrease?

21.The diagram shows a foetus in the uterus. Which labelled structure is the amniotic sac?

22.The diagram shows a developing foetus. What is the function of structure X (the umbilical cord)?

23.A study tracked 100 pregnant women and recorded the number of foetal movements per hour in the third trimester. The average number of movements was 30 per hour. Which conclusion is most valid?

24.A pregnant woman has a blood test that shows low levels of α-fetoprotein (AFP). Low AFP can be associated with an increased risk of Down syndrome. This is an example of:

25.A pregnant woman is given an ultrasound scan at 20 weeks. The scan shows that the baby's lungs are not yet mature. In which trimester do the lungs typically mature?

26.Which structure connects the placenta to the foetus?

27.A researcher measures the concentration of oxygen in the blood of the umbilical vein and the umbilical artery. Which set of results would be expected?

28.During a pregnancy, the mother's blood volume increases by about 50%. Which of the following is a direct benefit of this increase?

29.A pregnant woman is advised to take folic acid supplements. Folic acid reduces the risk of neural tube defects. During which period is folic acid most critical?

30.In an experiment, researchers measure the concentration of glucose in the blood of the umbilical vein and umbilical artery. Which pattern would indicate that the placenta is functioning correctly?

31.A doctor measures the foetal heart rate at 24 weeks (140 bpm) and at 40 weeks (120 bpm). What is the most likely reason for the decrease?

32.What is the main function of the amniotic fluid?

33.A scientist is studying the growth of a foetus by measuring its mass at different weeks. The average mass at week 20 is 0.3 kg, and at week 25 it is 0.7 kg. What is the approximate average weekly mass gain between week 20 and week 25?

34.A pregnant woman's blood test shows low levels of α-fetoprotein (AFP). Low AFP can be associated with an increased risk of Down syndrome. This is an example of:

35.A study tracked 100 pregnant women and recorded the number of foetal movements per hour in the third trimester. The average number of movements was 30 per hour. If a woman reports only 10 movements in two hours, what should be the next step?

36.What is the term for a fertilised egg before it implants into the uterus?

37.During which trimester does the baby's heart, brain, and other organs begin to form?

38.What is the name of the structure that connects the placenta to the baby?

39.Which of the following is a function of the amniotic fluid?

40.At what stage does the developing baby become known as a foetus?

41.A fertilised egg is called a zygote.

42.The zygote implants itself into the thickened lining of the uterus.

43.An embryo turns into a zygote.

44.Pregnancy usually lasts around 40 weeks.

45.Fertilisation usually happens in the fallopian tube.

46.What is the name of the structure that provides nutrients and oxygen to the developing baby and removes waste products?

47.In which structure does the baby develop during pregnancy?

48.Match each structure with its function during pregnancy.

49.Arrange the following events in the correct order during pregnancy.

50.Which of the following are functions of the amniotic fluid? (Select all that apply.)

51.A pregnant woman is at week 30. The baby's mass at week 20 was 0.3 kg and at week 25 was 0.7 kg. Assuming a constant rate of mass gain from week 20 to week 30, what is the mass of the baby at week 30? (Give your answer in kg.)

52.What is the name of the organ that develops in the uterus during pregnancy and provides nutrients and oxygen to the baby?

53.Describe the role of the placenta and umbilical cord during pregnancy.

54.Describe the role of the amniotic fluid during pregnancy.

55.Describe what happens during the third trimester to prepare the baby for birth.

56.Describe what happens to the cervix as the time for birth gets close.

57.A pregnant woman is at week 30. The baby's mass at week 20 was 0.3 kg and at week 25 was 0.7 kg. Assuming a constant rate of mass gain from week 20 to week 30, what is the mass of the baby at week 30? (Give your answer in kg.)