Physical Quantities & Measurement Techniques

9.Which of the following is a vector quantity?

10.A student measures the length of a string as 15.6 cm. She then winds it closely around a pen 6 times. What is the circumference of the pen?

11.A force of 60 N acts to the right and a force of 100 N acts upward on an object. What is the magnitude of the resultant force?

12.An Olympic cyclist rides around a velodrome track 5 times. The stopwatch reads 2 s at the start (due to early start) and 1 min 22 s at the end. What is the average time per lap?

13.A student uses a ruler to measure the length of a metal rod. The ruler has markings every 1 mm. Which reading is recorded to the correct precision?

14.A student measures the time for 20 oscillations of a pendulum as 30.0 s. He then measures the time for 10 oscillations of the same pendulum as 15.2 s. Which measurement gives a more accurate value for the period, and why?

15.A student uses a measuring cylinder to measure the volume of a liquid. The bottom of the meniscus is at the 25 cm³ mark. The student's eye is above the meniscus. What is the most likely volume reading?

16.Which of the following quantities is a vector?

17.A student walks 3 km east and then 4 km north. What is the magnitude of the displacement?

18.A force of 30 N acts east and a force of 40 N acts north on an object. What is the magnitude of the resultant force?

19.A student measures the thickness of a single sheet of paper by measuring the thickness of a stack of 100 sheets with a ruler and dividing by 100. The ruler has millimetre markings. The stack thickness is measured as 1.2 cm. What is the thickness of one sheet?

20.A student wants to measure the volume of an irregularly shaped stone. Which apparatus is most suitable?

21.Which instrument is most suitable for measuring the length of a football field?

22.A student uses a stopwatch to time a runner over a 400 m track. The start time is 0:12.5 (12.5 s) and the finish time is 1:23.7 (1 minute 23.7 s). What is the time taken to complete the lap?

23.A student uses a ruler to measure the diameter of a ball-bearing. Four identical ball-bearings are placed in a row between two blocks on a ruler, as shown. The left block is at the 4 cm mark and the right block is at the 12 cm mark. What is the diameter of one ball-bearing?

24.A boat travels 30 km due east and then 40 km due north. Which row correctly shows the total distance and displacement magnitude?

25.A person wishes to roast a chicken. The chicken requires 1 hour and 20 minutes in the oven to be properly cooked. The oven must be switched on 10 minutes before any food is put in, in order to pre-heat, and reach the correct temperature for cooking. The chicken needs to be ready at 4:30 pm. At what time must the oven be switched on?

26.A student uses a ruler to determine the circumference of a wooden dowel. She puts a mark onto the dowel, then rolls it along the ruler three times, before reading the position on the ruler at which it stopped. The initial mark aligns with 0 cm, and after three revolutions it aligns with 36.9 cm. What is the circumference of the dowel?

27.A student is timing the rate of cooling of a beaker of water. On a repeat run, the student forgets to zero the stopwatch. The start reading is 0:12.5 (12.5 s) and the end reading is 1:23.7 (1 min 23.7 s). How long did the cooling take?

28.A geologist wants to measure the volume of a pebble. She uses a measuring cylinder with water. The initial water level is 40 cm³. After adding the pebble, the water level is 57 cm³. What is the volume of the pebble?

29.Which instrument is most suitable for measuring the thickness of a single sheet of paper?

30.A student uses a ruler to determine the circumference of a wooden dowel. She puts a mark onto the dowel, then rolls it along the ruler three times, before reading the position on the ruler at which it stopped. The starting position is 0 cm and the final reading is 36.0 cm. What is the circumference of the dowel?

31.A person wishes to roast a chicken. The chicken requires 1 hour and 20 minutes in the oven to be properly cooked. The oven must be switched on 10 minutes before any food is put in, in order to pre-heat. The chicken needs to be ready at 4:30 pm. At what time must the oven be switched on?

32.Which measuring devices are most suitable for determining the length of a swimming pool and the thickness of aluminium foil?

33.A student measures the time for 10 oscillations of a pendulum as 15.2 s. The student's reaction time is 0.25 s. What is the approximate percentage uncertainty in the time for one oscillation?

34.Velocity is a scalar quantity.

35.Which of the following are vector quantities? (Select all that apply)

36.Match each quantity to its type (scalar or vector).

37.Arrange the following steps in the correct order to determine the diameter of a ball-bearing using a ruler and two blocks.

38.A fiducial marker is used to reduce error when measuring the time period of a pendulum.

39.Match each measuring instrument to the quantity it is used to measure.

40.A student measures the time for 20 oscillations of a pendulum as 30.0 s. The student's reaction time is 0.25 s. What is the approximate percentage uncertainty in the time for one oscillation?

41.A vector of magnitude 50 N acts at an angle of 30° to the horizontal. What is the magnitude of its horizontal component?

42.A student measures the time for 20 oscillations of a simple pendulum as 36.4 s. To reduce the uncertainty in the period, which method should the student use?

43.A student uses a ruler to measure the diameter of a ball-bearing. The ball-bearing is placed between two blocks on a ruler. The left block is at 2.0 cm and the right block is at 7.6 cm. The ball-bearing is then removed and the blocks are moved together until they touch; the left block is at 2.0 cm and the right block is at 2.4 cm. What is the diameter of the ball-bearing?

44.Complete the sentence:

45.Name the instrument used to measure the volume of a liquid.

46.Complete the sentence: The instrument used to measure the volume of a liquid is a ___.

47.A force of 60 N acts to the right and a force of 100 N acts upward on an object. Calculate the magnitude of the resultant force.

48.A student uses a ruler to measure the length of a metal rod. The ruler has markings every 1 mm. The rod lies between the 2.5 cm mark and the 8.7 cm mark. What is the length of the rod in cm?

49.A student measures the time for 20 oscillations of a simple pendulum as 36.4 s. What is the period of the pendulum? Give your answer to two decimal places.

50.A force of 30 N acts to the right and a force of 40 N acts upward on an object. Calculate the magnitude of the resultant force.

51.State what is meant by a scalar quantity.

52.Complete the sentence using the words 'scalar' or 'vector'.

53.A force of 80 N acts to the right and a force of 60 N acts upward on an object. Calculate the magnitude of the resultant force.

54.Explain why taking multiple readings of the time for 10 oscillations of a pendulum reduces uncertainty compared to measuring the time for one oscillation.

55.A force of 60 N acts to the right and a force of 100 N acts upward on an object. Calculate the magnitude of the resultant force.

56.A student uses a ruler to measure the length of a metal rod. The ruler has markings every 1 mm. The rod lies between the 2.5 cm mark and the 8.7 cm mark. What is the length of the rod in cm?

57.A student measures the time for 20 oscillations of a simple pendulum as 36.4 s. What is the period of the pendulum? Give your answer to two decimal places.

58.A force of 30 N acts to the right and a force of 40 N acts upward on an object. Calculate the magnitude of the resultant force.

59.A force of 80 N acts to the right and a force of 60 N acts upward on an object. Calculate the magnitude of the resultant force.