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Food tests

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课程笔记

Introduction to Food Tests

  • Food tests are used to identify the presence of specific nutrients in food samples.
  • Different chemical reagents produce characteristic colour changes when they react with particular nutrients.
  • The four main nutrients tested are protein, sugar, starch, and lipids.

Testing for Protein (Biuret Test)

  • Use Biuret solution (blue in colour).
  • Add a few drops of Biuret solution to a food sample in a test tube.
  • If protein is present, the solution turns purple.
  • If no protein is present, the solution remains blue.
  • Foods high in protein include meat, fish, eggs, cheese, milk, and nuts.

Testing for Sugar (Benedict's Test)

  • Use Benedict's solution (blue).
  • Add Benedict's solution to the food sample and heat in a water bath for a few minutes.
  • If sugar is present, the solution changes colour: green → yellow → orange → red (depending on concentration).
  • No colour change (remains blue) indicates no sugar.
  • Foods high in sugar include fizzy drinks, fruit juices, sweets, and cakes.

Testing for Starch (Iodine Test)

  • Use iodine solution (yellow/brown).
  • Add a few drops of iodine solution to the food sample.
  • If starch is present, the solution turns blue/black.
  • No colour change (remains yellow/brown) indicates no starch.
  • Foods high in starch include bread, pasta, potatoes, and rice.

Testing for Lipids (Ethanol Emulsion Test)

  • Use ethanol (alcohol).
  • Add ethanol to the food sample and shake, then pour into water.
  • If lipids are present, the mixture turns cloudy/milky white.
  • No cloudiness indicates no lipids.
  • Foods high in lipids include oil, cheese, butter, and some meats.

Summary of Colour Changes

  • Protein → Biuret: blue to purple.
  • Sugar → Benedict's: blue to green/yellow/orange/red (after heating).
  • Starch → Iodine: yellow/brown to blue/black.
  • Lipids → Ethanol: clear to cloudy white.

Biuret test: blue reagent gives a lilac-purple result when protein is present.

Benedict's test: heat the food sample and reagent in a water bath; orange is a positive result.

Iodine test: orange-brown iodine turns blue-black when starch is present.

Emulsion test: add ethanol, then water; a milky white emulsion shows lipids are present.

幻灯片

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练习题

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  1. 1.Which food contains a lot of lipids?

    Easy
    • ABread
    • BApple
    • CButter
    • DRice
  2. 2.Which food contains a lot of protein?

    Easy
    • APasta
    • BEggs
    • COrange juice
    • DPotato
  3. 3.Which food contains a lot of sugars?

    Easy
    • ABread
    • BCheese
    • CFruit juice
    • DButter
  4. 4.Which food contains a lot of carbohydrates?

    Easy
    • AMeat
    • BFish
    • CBread
    • DEggs
  5. 5.An investigation is carried out to determine if a food sample contains sugars. Which test should be used and what colour change indicates sugar is present?

    Medium
    • ABiuret test; blue to purple
    • BBenedict's test; blue to green/yellow/orange/red
    • CIodine test; yellow/brown to blue/black
    • DEthanol test; colourless to cloudy white
  6. 6.An investigation is carried out to determine if a food sample contains lipids. Which test should be used and what colour change indicates lipids are present?

    Medium
    • ABiuret test; blue to purple
    • BBenedict's test; blue to red
    • CIodine test; yellow/brown to blue/black
    • DEthanol test; colourless to cloudy white
  7. 7.An investigation is carried out to determine if a food sample contains protein. Which test should be used and what colour change indicates protein is present?

    Medium
    • ABiuret test; blue to purple
    • BBenedict's test; blue to red
    • CIodine test; yellow/brown to blue/black
    • DEthanol test; colourless to cloudy white
  8. 8.Iodine solution is dropped onto a slice of bread. What will be observed and why?

    Medium
    • AThe iodine turns blue/black because bread contains starch.
    • BThe iodine turns purple because bread contains protein.
    • CThe iodine turns red because bread contains sugar.
    • DThe iodine remains yellow/brown because bread contains lipids.

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