Staying safe online: content, contact and conduct

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Catatan pelajaran

What is Online Safety?

Online safety (also called e-safety or cyber safety) means using the internet without being harmed by its misuse.
The internet makes it easy to share and spread information, which can put private details at risk if you are not careful.
Harm can come from uploaded media (like photos or videos) that may contain inappropriate content or be used in targeted attacks.
Governments and organisations are especially concerned about the safety of children, teenagers, and elderly people online.
Businesses also face cybercrime such as internet fraud, which can damage their finances, customer security, and trust.

The Three Cs: Content, Contact, and Conduct

Content refers to what you see or read online – it can be inappropriate, offensive, or harmful.
Contact means who you interact with online – some people may have bad intentions, like online predators or scammers.
Conduct is how you behave online – you should be respectful and responsible, and avoid cyberbullying or other harmful actions.
Being a good digital citizen means using technology safely, respectfully, and responsibly.
You should be able to recognise inappropriate content, contact, and conduct, and know how to report your concerns.

Phishing

Phishing is a scam where criminals pretend to be a trustworthy source (like a bank or a friend) to trick you into giving them private information.
They often send fake emails or create fake websites that look identical to real ones, so you don't suspect anything.
The goal is to steal passwords, credit card numbers, or other personal data.
Never click on suspicious links or give out personal information in response to an unexpected email or message.

A phishing message uses urgency to make you click; the safe response is stop, check independently, report.

Malware and Spyware

Malware is malicious software designed to harm your device or steal information.
Spyware is a type of malware that secretly collects and sends your private information, like passwords, without your knowledge.
Malware can be hidden in emails, software downloads, or files from unofficial sources.
Types of malware include viruses, trojans, ransomware, worms, and rootkits.
Malware is often hard to detect because it can be encrypted or disguised, so always use trusted sources and keep your security software updated.

The malware infection chain: delivery, execution, infection, impact, then persistence and spread.

Cyberstalking and Cyberbullying

Cyberstalking is using the internet or electronic means to harass or stalk someone – it can include false accusations, threats, or gathering personal information to embarrass or harm.
Cyberbullying is using online communication (like social media or messaging) to abuse, intimidate, or overpower someone.
Cyberbullying is a serious problem: studies show that 23% of teens have been victims, and some victims experience suicidal thoughts.
It can include posting hurtful comments, spreading rumours, or sharing embarrassing photos without permission.
Child-on-child abuse online often falls under cyberbullying, but it can also involve physical or sexual harassment, relationship abuse, or grooming.

Obscene or Offensive Content

Some websites contain offensive, explicit, or hateful content that can make users feel unsafe or uncomfortable.
This content can appear as pop-up ads, unsuspecting links, or on social media.
Hate speech targets marginalised groups and is often not taken seriously by moderation teams.
Platforms try to balance moderation with free speech, but offensive content can still slip through.
If you see offensive content, you should report it to the platform and talk to a trusted adult.

How to Stay Safe and Report Concerns

Protect your personal information – never share passwords, addresses, or other private details online.
Think before you post – once something is online, it can be hard to remove and may be shared widely.
Use privacy settings on social media to control who can see your posts and contact you.
Block and report users who make you feel uncomfortable or who are abusive.
If you are worried about anything online, tell a trusted adult (like a parent or teacher) or use report buttons on websites and apps.
In the UK, you can report concerns to CEOP (Child Exploitation and Online Protection) or the NSPCC.

Small habits: keep software updated, check the web address, use official sources, and pause before entering information.

Being a Good Digital Citizen

Respect others online – treat people the way you would like to be treated.
Don't spread rumours or share hurtful content about others.
Check facts before sharing information to avoid spreading misinformation.
Support friends who are being bullied online and encourage them to report it.
Remember that your online actions have consequences – they can affect your reputation and others' wellbeing.

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1.Internet safety is also known as online safety, cyber safety, and e-safety.
Easy
True or false?
2.Which of the following best describes malware?
Easy
- ASoftware designed to help protect your computer
- BMalicious software designed to collect and transmit private information without consent
- CA type of scam that tricks you into giving money
- DA tool used to block inappropriate content
3.Cyberstalking and cyberbullying are exactly the same and can be used interchangeably without any difference.
Easy
True or false?
4.Which of the following are common threats to personal safety online? (Select all that apply)
Easy
- APhishing
- BInternet scams
- CMalware
- DCyberstalking
- EGood digital citizenship
5.Malware can be distributed through email, software, and files from unofficial locations.
Medium
True or false?
6.Which of the following is NOT a common threat to personal safety mentioned in the source?
Medium
- APhishing
- BInternet scams
- CSextortion
- DDigital footprint
7.The terms cyberstalking and cyberbullying are often used interchangeably, but they are not exactly the same.
Medium
True or false?
8.What is sextortion?
Medium
- AA type of malware that steals credit card information
- BA scam where someone threatens to share intimate images unless they are paid
- CA form of cyberbullying that involves spreading rumors
- DA method of phishing that uses fake websites

Soal lainnya

9.Match each online safety term to its correct definition.
Medium
- Phishing
- Malware
- Cyberstalking
- Cyberbullying
- A scam to obtain private information by disguising as a trustworthy source
- Malicious software designed to collect and transmit private information without consent
- Using electronic means to stalk or harass an individual
- Using electronic means to abuse, intimidate, or overpower an individual or group
10.Put the steps in order for how a typical phishing attack might occur, according to the source.
Easy
- Hacker sends an email requesting personal information
- User visits a fake website that looks identical to a legitimate one
- User provides private information such as passwords or credit card details
- Hacker uses the information to implement an attack
11.Malware is often distributed through email, software, and files from unofficial locations.
Easy
True or false?
12.Which of the following is NOT listed in the source as a type of malware?
Medium
- AVirus
- BTrojan horse
- CSpyware
- DFirewall
13.Match each type of malware to its description.
Medium
- Virus
- Trojan horse
- Ransomware
- Worm
- Malware that replicates by attaching to other programs
- Malware disguised as legitimate software
- Malware that locks files and demands payment
- Self-replicating malware that spreads without user action
14.Put the following steps in the order a victim might experience a sextortion scam, based on common patterns.
Medium
- Victim shares intimate images with someone they trust online
- The scammer threatens to share the images unless the victim pays or sends more
- Victim sends money or more images
- The scammer continues to demand more or releases the images
15.Which of the following are recommended actions to take if you encounter cyberbullying? (Select all that apply)
Medium
- AReport the incident to the platform or website
- BIgnore it and hope it goes away
- CTell a trusted adult or teacher
- DRespond with aggressive messages to the bully
- ESave evidence such as screenshots
16.A user receives an email that appears to be from their bank, asking them to verify their account details by clicking a link. The link leads to a website that looks exactly like the bank's official site. This is an example of which type of security breach?
Medium
- APhishing
- BMalware
- CCyberstalking
- DSextortion
17.A company's internal network is infiltrated by a program that encrypts all files and demands a ransom for decryption. Based on the types of malware listed in the source, which type of malware is this?
Medium
- ARansomware
- BTrojan horse
- CWorm
- DRootkit
18.Arrange these steps in the order a typical phishing attack might occur, according to the source.
Hard
- Scammer sends a fake email asking for personal information
- Victim clicks a link to a fake website that looks identical to a legitimate one
- Victim enters private information on the fake website
- Scammer uses the information to implement an attack
19.A social media platform is struggling to moderate hate speech. According to the source, why might reports from marginalized users be less likely to be taken seriously?
Hard
- ABecause their reports are often false
- BBecause moderation teams are biased
- CBecause they are less likely to report
- DBecause the platform prioritizes free speech over safety
20.Which of the following are common threats to personal safety online, as listed in the source? (Select all that apply)
Medium
- APhishing
- BInternet scams
- CCyberstalking
- DIdentity theft
- ESextortion
21.Which of the following is a type of malware that is specifically designed to collect and transmit private information, such as passwords, without the user's consent?
Easy
- ASpyware
- BRansomware
- CTrojan horse
- DClick fraud
22.According to the source, which of the following are methods used to obfuscate malware, making it harder to detect? (Select all that apply)
Medium
- AEncryption
- BStealth
- CPackaging
- DPhishing
- EFirewalls
23.According to the source, malware is often distributed through email, software, and files from unofficial locations.
Easy
True or false?
24.Match each type of malware to its description according to the source.
Medium
- Spyware
- Ransomware
- Trojan horse
- Collects and transmits private information without consent
- Encrypts files and demands payment for decryption
- Disguises itself as legitimate software but performs malicious actions
25.Put the following steps in the order a typical phishing attack might occur, according to the source.
Medium
- Hacker sends a third-party email to the target requesting personal information.
- The target clicks a link to a fake website designed to look identical to a legitimate one.
- The hacker obtains private information such as passwords or credit card details.
- The hacker uses the obtained information as an entry point to implement an attack.
26.A student receives an email that appears to be from their school, asking them to 'verify' their login credentials by clicking a link. The link leads to a page that looks exactly like the school's portal but is fake. Which of the following best describes this scenario?
Hard
- APhishing
- BCyberstalking
- CSextortion
- DMalware
27.Which of the following is a type of malware that is specifically designed to collect and transmit private information, such as passwords, without the user's consent or knowledge?
Easy
- AVirus
- BSpyware
- CRansomware
- DWorm
28.Match each online threat to its correct description.
Medium
- Phishing
- Malware
- Cyberstalking
- Sextortion
- A scam that disguises itself as a trustworthy source to obtain private information
- Malicious software designed to collect and transmit private information without consent
- Using electronic means to stalk or harass an individual
- A form of sexual exploitation where someone threatens to distribute intimate images unless demands are met
29.Put the following steps in the order a typical sextortion scam might occur, based on common patterns described in the source.
Medium
- The victim shares intimate images or videos with the perpetrator.
- The perpetrator threatens to distribute the images unless the victim pays or provides more images.
- The perpetrator gains the victim's trust online, often through a fake profile.
- The victim reports the incident to authorities or a support service.
30.According to the source, what is the primary purpose of phishing?
Easy
- ATo spread malware
- BTo obtain private information by disguising as a trustworthy source
- CTo stalk or harass individuals
- DTo post offensive content
31.A social media platform is reviewing its moderation policies. Based on the source, which of the following is a likely consequence of hate speech proliferation on the platform?
Medium
- AUsers feel safer and more protected.
- BMarginalized users' reports are more likely to be taken seriously.
- CUsers feel unsafe and unprotected by the website.
- DThe platform automatically removes all offensive content.
32.A new malware is designed to encrypt files and demand payment for decryption. Based on the types of malware listed in the source, what type is this?
Medium
- ATrojan horse
- BRootkit
- CRansomware
- DWorm
33.Which of the following are methods mentioned in the source that are used to obfuscate malware, making it harder to detect? (Select all that apply)
Medium
- AEncryption
- BStealth
- CPackaging
- DCompression
- EFirewalls
34.According to the source, malware is often distributed through email, software, and files from official locations only.
Easy
True or false?
35.A user receives an email that appears to be from their bank, asking them to 'verify' their account details by clicking a link. The link leads to a website that looks identical to the bank's real site. This is an example of which type of attack?
Medium
- APhishing
- BMalware
- CCyberstalking
- DSextortion
36.According to the source, which of the following is a common threat to personal safety online?
Medium
- APhishing
- BFirewall
- CEncryption
- DModeration
37.Which of the following is a common threat to personal safety online, as listed in the source?
Easy
- APhishing
- BCyberstalking
- CMalware
- DAll of the above
38.According to the source, cyberstalking is a crime.
Easy
True or false?
39.Which of the following is a type of malware mentioned in the source?
Easy
- AVirus
- BTrojan horse
- CRansomware
- DAll of the above
40.Which of the following are methods used to obfuscate malware, making it harder to detect? (Select all that apply)
Medium
- AEncryption
- BStealth
- CPackaging
- DFirewall
- EAntivirus
41.Fill in the blank with the correct term.
Easy
____ is a type of scam where scammers disguise themselves as a trustworthy source to obtain private information.
42.What is the term for the use of the internet or other electronic means to stalk or harass an individual, group, or organization?
Easy
43.What does the term 'sextortion' refer to?
Medium
44.According to the 2012 study mentioned in the source, what percentage of adolescents reported being a victim of cyberbullying?
Easy
45.Complete the sentence with the correct term.
Easy
Malware is often distributed through email, software, and files from ____ locations.
46.What is one reason why malware is a prevalent security concern, according to the source?
Medium
47.Complete the sentence with the correct term from the source.
Easy
____ is a type of scam where the scammers disguise themselves as a trustworthy source in an attempt to obtain private information such as passwords or credit card information.
48.What term is used to describe the use of electronic means to abuse, intimidate, or overpower an individual or group?
Medium
49.In a 2012 study of over 11,925 students in the United States, 23% reported being a victim of cyberbullying. Approximately how many students reported being victims?
Easy
50.According to the Australian eSafety Commissioner, 44% of young Australians report being socially excluded, threatened or abused online. If a survey of 2,500 young Australians is conducted, how many would be expected to report such experiences?
Medium
51.What percentage of adolescents in the 2012 study reported being a victim of cyberbullying?
Easy
52.If a school has 800 students and the cyberbullying victim rate from the 2012 study (23%) applies, how many students might be victims?
Medium
53.Explain how the ease of spreading information online can lead to harm, and give one example of a safety measure that can reduce this harm.
Hard
54.Describe two ways in which cyberbullying can have serious consequences for victims, based on the source.
Hard
55.Explain why malware is a prevalent security concern, and describe two methods used to obfuscate malicious programs, making them harder to detect.
Hard
56.Explain why the ease of spreading information online can lead to harm, and give one example of a safety measure that can reduce this harm.
Hard
57.According to the 2012 study mentioned in the source, what percentage of adolescents reported being a victim of cyberbullying?
Easy
- A21 %
- B23 %
- C25 %
- D27 %
58.In a 2012 study of over 11,925 students in the United States, 23% reported being a victim of cyberbullying. Approximately how many students reported being victims?
Easy
- A3017 students
- B3291 students
- C2469 students
- D2743 students
59.According to the Australian eSafety Commissioner, 44% of young Australians report being socially excluded, threatened or abused online. If a survey of 2,500 young Australians is conducted, how many would be expected to report such experiences?
Medium
- A1100 young Australians
- B1320 young Australians
- C990 young Australians
- D1210 young Australians
60.If a school has 800 students and the cyberbullying victim rate from the 2012 study (23%) applies, how many students might be victims?
Medium
- A202 students
- B184 students
- C166 students
- D220 students

Catatan ulasan

## Staying Safe Online: Content, Contact and Conduct **What is online safety?** Online safety (also called internet safety, cyber safety, or e-safety) means using the internet in ways that reduce harm. This includes protecting your private information and avoiding inappropriate content, harmful contact, and risky conduct. **Key threats to your safety:** - **Phishing:** Scammers pretend to be a trustworthy source (like a bank) to trick you into giving them private information (passwords, credit card numbers). They often send fake emails or create fake websites that look real. - **Malware:** Malicious software (like spyware, viruses, or ransomware) designed to steal your information or damage your device. It can be hidden in emails, downloads, or files from unofficial sources. Sometimes it's impossible to tell if a file is infected. - **Cyberstalking:** Using the internet to harass or stalk someone. This can include false accusations, threats, identity theft, or gathering information to embarrass or threaten a person. - **Cyberbullying:** Using electronic communication (like social media, instant messaging, or email) to abuse, intimidate, or overpower someone. It's a serious problem, especially for young people. It can include social exclusion, threats, or sharing embarrassing content. - **Obscene/offensive content:** Websites or posts that contain hate speech, explicit material, or other disturbing content. This can appear as pop-ups, links, or on social media. - **Sextortion:** (a form of blackmail where someone threatens to share intimate images unless you pay or do something). **How to stay safe:** - **Be careful with personal information:** Don't share passwords, addresses, or other private details with strangers online. - **Think before you click:** Be wary of suspicious emails, links, and downloads. Check if a website is legitimate before entering information. - **Report concerns:** If you see inappropriate content, experience cyberbullying, or feel unsafe, tell a trusted adult and use the reporting tools on the platform. You can also report to organisations like the UK Safer Internet Centre or Childline. - **Be a good digital citizen:** Treat others with respect online, and think about the consequences of your actions. **Remember:** The internet is a great tool, but it's important to use it safely, respectfully, and responsibly.

Online safety: Policies, practices and processes that reduce harms to people that are enabled by the misuse of the Internet.
Phishing: A type of scam where scammers disguise themselves as a trustworthy source to obtain private information such as passwords or credit card information.
Malware: Malicious software designed to collect and transmit private information without the user's consent or knowledge; includes viruses, spyware, ransomware, etc.
Cyberstalking: The use of the internet or other electronic means to stalk or harass an individual, group, or organization.
Cyberbullying: The use of electronic means such as instant messaging, social media, e-mail and other forms of online communication with the intent to abuse, intimidate, or overpower an individual or group.
Sextortion: A form of blackmail where someone threatens to share intimate images or information unless the victim complies with demands.

Kartu flash

What are the three main areas of online safety covered in the KS3 Computing curriculum?

Content, contact, and conduct.

Define 'content' in the context of online safety.

Content refers to the material you see or encounter online, such as text, images, videos, and websites, which may be inappropriate, offensive, or harmful.

Define 'contact' in the context of online safety.

Contact refers to the people you interact with online, including strangers, and the risks associated with communication, such as grooming or cyberstalking.

Define 'conduct' in the context of online safety.

Conduct refers to your own behavior online, including how you treat others, respecting privacy, and avoiding harmful actions like cyberbullying.

What is phishing?

Phishing is a scam where fraudsters disguise themselves as trustworthy sources to trick you into revealing private information like passwords or credit card details.

What is malware?

Malware is malicious software designed to harm or exploit devices, often used to steal information without your knowledge. Types include viruses, worms, and spyware.

What is spyware?

Spyware is a type of malware that secretly collects and transmits your private information, such as passwords, without your consent.

Name three common types of malware.

Viruses, worms, and ransomware are common types of malware.

What is cyberstalking?

Cyberstalking is using the internet or electronic means to harass or stalk someone, including false accusations, threats, or gathering information to intimidate.

What is cyberbullying?

Cyberbullying is using electronic communication to abuse, intimidate, or overpower an individual or group, often through social media or messaging.

What is sextortion?

Sextortion is a form of blackmail where someone threatens to share intimate images or information unless the victim provides more images, money, or other favors.

What is grooming?

Grooming is when an adult builds an emotional connection with a child to gain their trust for the purpose of sexual abuse or exploitation.

What should you do if you encounter inappropriate content online?

You should stop viewing it, report it to a trusted adult or the platform, and use reporting tools provided by websites or apps.

Who can you report online safety concerns to?

You can report to a trusted adult, your school, the website or app's reporting system, or organizations like Childline or the UK Safer Internet Centre.

What is a digital citizen?

A digital citizen is someone who uses technology safely, respectfully, and responsibly, understanding their rights and responsibilities online.

Why is it important to keep personal information private online?

To reduce the risk of identity theft, scams, and unwanted contact from strangers, as private information can be misused.

What is a scam?

A scam is a fraudulent scheme designed to trick people into giving money or personal information, often through fake websites or messages.

What is hate speech?

Hate speech is offensive content that targets people based on characteristics like race, religion, or gender, creating a hostile environment.

What is the difference between cyberbullying and cyberstalking?

Cyberbullying is repeated harassment to intimidate, while cyberstalking involves persistent stalking and may include threats or monitoring, often more severe.

What is a shock site?

A shock site is a website designed to shock or offend visitors, often containing disturbing or explicit content.

What is the role of trust and safety teams?

Trust and safety teams work to protect users by monitoring content, responding to reports, and enforcing platform rules to reduce harm.

What is internet fraud?

Internet fraud is a type of cybercrime where criminals deceive victims online for financial gain, such as phishing or fake online stores.

How can you protect yourself from phishing?

Be cautious of unsolicited messages, check URLs carefully, never share personal information via email, and use two-factor authentication.

What should you do if you are a victim of cyberbullying?

Tell a trusted adult, save evidence, block the bully, and report the incident to the platform or school.

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