Magnetic fields and material applications

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수업 노트

Big idea: magnetic fields and material applications

Key concept: Systems. A magnetic field describes the force effects around a magnet. Field lines point from north to south outside a magnet; induced magnetism depends on the material.
Related concepts: Models and evidence. Use a scientific explanation to make predictions, then test it against observations.
Global context: Scientific and technical innovation. Magnetic materials are used in compasses, motors and electromagnets.

Magnetism

Magnets have two poles: north and south.
Magnetic forces are strongest at the poles.
Like poles repel (N–N or S–S).
Opposite poles attract (N–S).
Attraction/repulsion between magnetic poles is a non-contact force.

Magnetic field lines showing attraction and repulsion between bar magnets.

Magnetic Materials

Only a few metals are magnetic: iron, cobalt, nickel.
Steel (an alloy containing iron) is also magnetic.
Magnetic materials are attracted to both poles of a magnet.
Non-magnetic materials (e.g., aluminium, plastic) are not affected by a magnet.
A material is a magnet if it repels a known magnet; it is magnetic if it attracts; non-magnetic if neither.

Magnetic materials are attracted to a magnet; non-magnetic materials are not

Permanent Magnets

Made from hard magnetic materials such as steel.
Produces its own magnetic field.
Does not lose its magnetism easily.
Used in: compasses, school lab magnets, toys, fridge magnets.

Compasses and toy trains are examples of the use of permanent magnets

Induced (Temporary) Magnets

Made from soft magnetic materials such as soft iron.
Becomes magnetised only when placed in a magnetic field.
The end closest to the magnet gains the opposite pole.
Loses magnetism quickly when removed from the field.
Used in: electromagnets, transformers.

Magnetic Fields

A magnetic field is a region where a magnetic pole experiences a force.
Field lines go from north pole to south pole.
Arrows show direction of force on a north pole.
Field is strongest at the poles (lines are closer together).
Field weakens with distance (lines spread apart).

Plotting Magnetic Fields

Iron filings method: Place paper over magnet, sprinkle filings, tap gently to reveal field pattern.
Plotting compass method: Place compass near magnet, mark needle ends, move compass step by step to trace field lines.
Compass needle points from north to south (north arrow points to south pole of magnet).

Uses of Electromagnets

MRI scanners in hospitals use powerful electromagnets for imaging.
Speakers and earphones use electromagnets to produce sound.
Recycling: Electromagnets separate steel from other scrap.
Mag-Lev trains use repulsion between electromagnets to hover and reduce friction.

Think like a scientist

Map the direction of a bar magnet's field using a small plotting compass at different positions.
Comparison: the compass position around the magnet. Outcome: the compass direction.
Control: keep the magnet position and orientation constant. Explain why this makes the comparison fairer.
Evidence: Use a consistent method, repeated observations where appropriate and a table with labelled quantities and units. Keep unexpected results and investigate their cause.
Safety: Practical activities need teacher supervision and an appropriate risk assessment. Use the provided data or simulation where the investigation specifies it.
Inquiry task: State a testable question, predict the outcome using the science, then explain how your observations would support or challenge the prediction.

Evaluate the science

Magnetic materials are used in compasses, motors and electromagnets.
Field lines are a model rather than physical threads; nearby magnetic materials and fields can distort the observations.
Evaluation task: Link your conclusion to evidence, identify a limitation and suggest a specific improvement. Distinguish a measured result from an explanation of its cause.

슬라이드

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연습 문제

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1.Which of the following lists of metals contains only metals that are non-ferrous?
Easy
- AIron, steel, nickel
- BCobalt, copper, steel
- CAluminium, brass, copper
- DIron, tin, aluminium
2.Which metal is suitable for use as a permanent magnet?
Easy
- ASteel
- BSoft iron
- CCopper
- DAluminium
3.Which of the following lists contains only ferrous metals?
Easy
- AAluminium and iron
- BSteel and iron
- CSteel and lead
- DTin and iron
4.Which statement about a permanent bar magnet is incorrect?
Easy
- AThe S-pole attracts the N-pole of another magnet
- BThe S-pole repels the S-pole of another magnet
- CIt cannot repel a non-magnetic material
- DIt is made from a soft magnetic material (such as soft iron)
5.Which magnet has the strongest magnetic field?
Easy
- AA bar magnet with widely spaced field lines
- BA bar magnet with closely spaced field lines
- CA bar magnet with no field lines
- DA bar magnet with field lines that cross
6.What material can a temporary magnet be made from?
Easy
- APlastic
- BSoft iron
- CSteel
- DWood
7.Which compass correctly shows the direction of the magnetic field due to a bar magnet?
Easy
- AA compass with its north pole pointing towards the magnet's south pole
- BA compass with its north pole pointing towards the magnet's north pole
- CA compass with its south pole pointing towards the magnet's south pole
- DA compass with its needle aligned perpendicular to the magnet
8.Which of the following statements about a permanent bar magnet is true?
Medium
- AThe north pole of a permanent bar magnet will repel the north pole of another magnet.
- BA permanent bar magnet must be made from a soft magnetic material.
- CA permanent bar magnet can repel a magnetic material.
- DThe field lines of a permanent bar magnet cross each other where the field is strongest.

더 많은 문제

9.A student lines up some permanent magnets with soft iron nails in between. What would the magnetic poles of locations X and Y be? (Assume the north pole of a magnet is on the left and south on the right, with nails between magnets.)
Medium
- AX: north, Y: north
- BX: north, Y: south
- CX: south, Y: north
- DX: south, Y: south
10.Which of the following statements describes something a permanent magnet can do?
Medium
- AIt will repel non-magnetic materials.
- BIt will repel non-ferrous materials.
- CIt will attract ferrous materials.
- DIt will have a single magnetic pole.
11.Which test could be used to find which end of a magnet is the south pole?
Medium
- APutting it near a ferrous metal
- BPutting it near a compass needle and seeing whether the needle points towards the pole
- CPutting it near a compass needle and seeing whether the needle points away from the pole
- DPutting it near a non-ferrous metal
12.A student has two different materials. Material 1 magnetises easily and loses its magnetism as soon as it is removed from a magnetic field. Material 2 is difficult to magnetise but retains its magnetism for a long time. Which row shows the most suitable use for these materials?
Hard
- AMaterial 1: core of an electromagnet, Material 2: core of an electromagnet
- BMaterial 1: bar magnet, Material 2: bar magnet
- CMaterial 1: bar magnet, Material 2: core of an electromagnet
- DMaterial 1: core of an electromagnet, Material 2: bar magnet
13.A student sprinkles iron filings on a sheet of paper placed over a bar magnet and taps the paper gently. Which statement about the pattern formed by the iron filings is correct?
Medium
- AThe filings cluster at the poles and form lines that curve from north to south.
- BThe filings cluster at the centre and form straight lines from north to south.
- CThe filings spread evenly over the paper with no pattern.
- DThe filings form concentric circles around the magnet.
14.A student has a bar magnet and a metal bar. She brings the north pole of the magnet near one end of the metal bar. The metal bar is attracted to the magnet. She then brings the south pole of the magnet near the same end of the metal bar. What will happen?
Medium
- AThe metal bar will be repelled.
- BThe metal bar will be attracted.
- CThe metal bar will not move.
- DThe metal bar will rotate.
15.Two bar magnets are placed with their north poles facing each other, 5 cm apart. Which diagram best represents the magnetic field pattern between them?
Hard
- AField lines curving from one north pole to the other north pole.
- BField lines going straight from one north pole to the other north pole.
- CField lines spreading out from each north pole and curving away, with a neutral point in the middle.
- DField lines going from each north pole to the south pole of the same magnet only.
16.Which of the following is a non-magnetic metal?
Easy
- AIron
- BCobalt
- CNickel
- DCopper
17.A student uses a plotting compass to map the magnetic field around a bar magnet. At one point, the compass needle points towards the south pole of the magnet. What does this indicate about the direction of the magnetic field at that point?
Medium
- AThe field direction is towards the north pole.
- BThe field direction is towards the south pole.
- CThe field direction is away from the south pole.
- DThe field direction is parallel to the magnet.
18.An electromagnet is made by winding a coil of wire around a core and connecting it to a d.c. power supply. Which change would decrease the strength of the electromagnet?
Hard
- AIncreasing the number of turns on the coil.
- BIncreasing the current in the coil.
- CUsing a core made of steel instead of soft iron.
- DUsing a core made of soft iron instead of air.
19.A student hangs a metal bar from a thread and brings a bar magnet near it. The metal bar is attracted to the magnet. Which conclusion is correct?
Medium
- AThe metal bar must be a permanent magnet.
- BThe metal bar must be made of a magnetic material.
- CThe metal bar must be made of a non-magnetic material.
- DThe metal bar must have a north pole at the end near the magnet.
20.A student has four metal rods: W, X, Y, Z. She brings the north pole of a bar magnet near each end of each rod. Her results are: W attracts both ends, X repels one end and attracts the other, Y attracts both ends, Z shows no effect. Which rod(s) is/are permanent magnets?
Hard
- AW only
- BX only
- CY only
- DW and Y
21.Which material is most suitable for the core of an electromagnet that is switched on and off frequently?
Easy
- ASteel
- BSoft iron
- CCobalt
- DNickel
22.A student investigates the number of paper clips an electromagnet can pick up. She uses a soft iron core and a d.c. power supply. She varies the current and counts the clips picked up. Which graph best shows the relationship between current and number of clips?
Hard
- AA straight line through the origin.
- BA curve that increases and then levels off.
- CA curve that increases steadily.
- DA horizontal line.
23.A bar magnet is cut into two equal pieces perpendicular to its length. What happens to the magnetic poles of the pieces?
Medium
- AEach piece has only a north pole or only a south pole.
- BEach piece becomes a complete magnet with both a north and a south pole.
- CThe pieces lose their magnetism completely.
- DOne piece has two north poles, the other has two south poles.
24.A student uses a plotting compass to map the magnetic field around a bar magnet. She places the compass at point P and the north pole of the compass needle points towards the south pole of the magnet. What does this indicate about the direction of the magnetic field at point P?
Medium
- AThe magnetic field at P points towards the south pole of the magnet.
- BThe magnetic field at P points towards the north pole of the magnet.
- CThe magnetic field at P is perpendicular to the line joining P and the south pole.
- DThe magnetic field at P is zero.
25.A student wants to make an electromagnet that retains its magnetism after the power supply is switched off. Which combination of core material and power supply type should she use?
Hard
- ASoft iron core and a.c. supply
- BSteel core and a.c. supply
- CSoft iron core and d.c. supply
- DSteel core and d.c. supply
26.A student has two unlabeled metal rods. She brings the north pole of a bar magnet near end X of rod 1. End X is attracted to the magnet. She then brings the north pole near end Y of rod 2. End Y is repelled by the magnet. What can she conclude?
Hard
- ARod 1 is a magnet and rod 2 is a magnetic material.
- BRod 1 is a magnetic material and rod 2 is a magnet.
- CBoth rods are magnets.
- DBoth rods are magnetic materials.
27.An unmagnetised soft iron bar is placed near the north pole of a strong permanent magnet. Which statement about the induced magnetism in the iron bar is correct?
Medium
- AThe end of the iron bar closest to the magnet becomes a north pole.
- BThe end of the iron bar closest to the magnet becomes a south pole.
- CThe iron bar becomes permanently magnetised.
- DThe iron bar is repelled by the magnet.
28.A student investigates the number of paper clips an electromagnet can pick up. She uses a soft iron core and a d.c. power supply. She varies the current and counts the paper clips picked up. Which graph best shows the relationship between current and number of paper clips?
Medium
- AA straight line through the origin with positive slope
- BA curve that increases and then levels off
- CA horizontal line
- DA curve that decreases
29.A student has four metal rods: W, X, Y, Z. She brings the north pole of a bar magnet near each end of each rod. Her results are: W attracts both ends, X repels both ends, Y attracts one end and repels the other, Z attracts both ends. Which rod is definitely a magnet?
Hard
- AW
- BX
- CY
- DZ
30.What is the definition of a magnetic field?
Easy
- AA region in which a magnetic pole experiences a force
- BA region where iron filings align
- CThe area around a magnet where it can attract paper clips
- DThe space between the poles of a magnet
31.A student uses the method of plotting compasses to draw magnetic field lines around a bar magnet. She places the compass at a point and marks the positions of the north and south ends of the needle. She then moves the compass so that the south end of the needle points to the previous north mark. Which statement about the direction of the field line is correct?
Hard
- AThe field line direction is from the north mark to the south mark.
- BThe field line direction is from the south mark to the north mark.
- CThe field line direction is perpendicular to the line joining the marks.
- DThe field line direction cannot be determined from this method.
32.Which of the following is a ferrous metal?
Easy
- AAluminium
- BCopper
- CSteel
- DBrass
33.A student places a bar magnet under a sheet of paper and sprinkles iron filings on top. After tapping the paper, the filings form a pattern. Which statement about the pattern is correct?
Medium
- AThe filings cluster at the poles where the field is strongest.
- BThe filings are evenly distributed across the paper.
- CThe filings form straight lines parallel to the magnet.
- DThe filings form circles around the magnet.
34.What are the two poles of a magnet called?
Easy
- ANorth and south
- BPositive and negative
- CEast and west
- DUp and down
35.Which of the following metals is magnetic?
Easy
- ACopper
- BAluminium
- CNickel
- DZinc
36.What is the direction of magnetic field lines outside a bar magnet?
Easy
- AFrom north to south
- BFrom south to north
- CFrom east to west
- DFrom west to east
37.A student brings the north pole of a bar magnet near one end of a metal rod. The rod is attracted to the magnet. Which conclusion is correct?
Medium
- AThe rod is definitely a magnet.
- BThe rod is definitely a magnetic material.
- CThe rod is definitely a non-magnetic material.
- DThe rod could be either a magnet or a magnetic material.
38.A bar magnet is cut into two equal pieces perpendicular to its length. Which statement about the pieces is correct?
Medium
- AEach piece has only one pole.
- BOne piece has a north pole only, the other has a south pole only.
- CEach piece becomes a complete magnet with both north and south poles.
- DBoth pieces lose their magnetism completely.
39.Map the direction of a bar magnet's field using a small plotting compass at different positions. What is the independent variable?
Easy
- Athe compass position around the magnet
- Bthe compass direction
- Cthe number of repeated trials
- Dthe scientific explanation written afterwards
40.Map the direction of a bar magnet's field using a small plotting compass at different positions. Which observation or quantity is the dependent variable?
Easy
- Athe compass position around the magnet
- Bthe compass direction
- Cthe title given to the investigation
- Dthe number of references in the report
41.Map the direction of a bar magnet's field using a small plotting compass at different positions. Which decision best controls another factor in this comparison?
Medium
- Achange every condition for each trial
- Buse a different measurement method for every result
- Ckeep the magnet position and orientation constant
- Drecord only results that agree with the prediction
42.Map the direction of a bar magnet's field using a small plotting compass at different positions. Why should the class repeat measurements or check multiple comparable observations?
Medium
- ATo guarantee that every systematic error disappears
- BTo make an unsupported prediction become correct
- CTo avoid reporting results that disagree with a model
- DTo assess variation and judge how consistent the evidence is
43.A class is evaluating an application of magnetic fields and material applications. Which statement identifies a relevant limitation?
Hard
- AField lines are a model rather than physical threads; nearby magnetic materials and fields can distort the observations.
- BAll scientific models reproduce every feature of the real world
- COne favourable result proves that a technology has no disadvantages
- DA conclusion needs no evidence when a scientific term is used
44.Map the direction of a bar magnet's field using a small plotting compass at different positions. Which conclusion is most justified by a controlled comparison?
Hard
- AA claim that the result must hold in all possible conditions
- BA conclusion restricted to the tested conditions, with uncertainty and limitations stated
- CA claim that alternative explanations never need testing
- DA claim based only on the most convenient observation
45.Map the direction of a bar magnet's field using a small plotting compass at different positions. Select the two practices that strengthen the validity of this comparison.
Medium
- Akeep the magnet position and orientation constant
- Bchange the measurement method whenever a result is unexpected
- Crecord the compass direction using the same agreed procedure
- Dreport only observations that confirm the prediction
46.When evaluating evidence about magnetic fields and material applications, select the two scientifically defensible statements.
Hard
- AOne result proves the explanation in every situation
- BField lines are a model rather than physical threads; nearby magnetic materials and fields can distort the observations.
- CA conclusion should state the conditions and uncertainty of the evidence
- DModels never need revision when new evidence appears
47.Design a fair investigation for this question: Map the direction of a bar magnet's field using a small plotting compass at different positions. Identify what to compare, what to record and one control.
Medium
48.Explain one use of the science in magnetic fields and material applications and evaluate one limitation of the evidence or application.
Hard
49.A compass direction changes near a bar magnet. Which observation would help check that the magnet caused the change?
Hard
- AMove both the compass and magnet without recording their positions
- BIgnore Earth's magnetic field in every case
- CCompare compass direction at the same position with the magnet removed
- DCount only readings that match a sketch
50.Why is soft iron useful for an electromagnet that must release an object when switched off?
Hard
- AIt contains no atoms and therefore cannot retain a field
- BIt always remains permanently magnetised at full strength
- CIt prevents a current from flowing in the coil
- DIt magnetises readily and loses most induced magnetism when the current is removed

복습 노트

## Big idea: magnetic fields and material applications - **Key concept: Systems.** A magnetic field describes the force effects around a magnet. Field lines point from north to south outside a magnet; induced magnetism depends on the material. - **Related concepts: Models and evidence.** Use a scientific explanation to make predictions, then test it against observations. - **Global context: Scientific and technical innovation.** Magnetic materials are used in compasses, motors and electromagnets. ## Magnetism - Magnets have two **poles**: **north** and **south**. - Magnetic forces are **strongest at the poles**. - **Like poles repel** (N–N or S–S). - **Opposite poles attract** (N–S). - Attraction/repulsion between magnetic poles is a **non-contact force**. ## Magnetic Materials - Only a few metals are magnetic: **iron**, **cobalt**, **nickel**. - **Steel** (an alloy containing iron) is also magnetic. - Magnetic materials are **attracted** to both poles of a magnet. - Non-magnetic materials (e.g., aluminium, plastic) are **not affected** by a magnet. - A material is a magnet if it **repels** a known magnet; it is magnetic if it **attracts**; non-magnetic if neither. ## Permanent Magnets - Made from **hard magnetic materials** such as **steel**. - Produces its **own magnetic field**. - **Does not lose** its magnetism easily. - Used in: compasses, school lab magnets, toys, fridge magnets. ## Induced (Temporary) Magnets - Made from **soft magnetic materials** such as **soft iron**. - Becomes magnetised only when placed in a magnetic field. - The end closest to the magnet gains the **opposite pole**. - **Loses magnetism quickly** when removed from the field. - Used in: electromagnets, transformers. ## Magnetic Fields - A **magnetic field** is a region where a magnetic pole experiences a force. - Field lines go from **north pole to south pole**. - Arrows show direction of force on a north pole. - Field is **strongest at the poles** (lines are closer together). - Field **weakens with distance** (lines spread apart). ## Plotting Magnetic Fields - **Iron filings method**: Place paper over magnet, sprinkle filings, tap gently to reveal field pattern. - **Plotting compass method**: Place compass near magnet, mark needle ends, move compass step by step to trace field lines. - Compass needle points from north to south (north arrow points to south pole of magnet). ## Uses of Electromagnets - **MRI scanners** in hospitals use powerful electromagnets for imaging. - **Speakers and earphones** use electromagnets to produce sound. - **Recycling**: Electromagnets separate steel from other scrap. - **Mag-Lev trains** use repulsion between electromagnets to hover and reduce friction. ## Think like a scientist - Map the direction of a bar magnet's field using a small plotting compass at different positions. - **Comparison:** the compass position around the magnet. **Outcome:** the compass direction. - **Control:** keep the magnet position and orientation constant. Explain why this makes the comparison fairer. - **Evidence:** Use a consistent method, repeated observations where appropriate and a table with labelled quantities and units. Keep unexpected results and investigate their cause. - **Safety:** Practical activities need teacher supervision and an appropriate risk assessment. Use the provided data or simulation where the investigation specifies it. - **Inquiry task:** State a testable question, predict the outcome using the science, then explain how your observations would support or challenge the prediction. ## Evaluate the science - Magnetic materials are used in compasses, motors and electromagnets. - Field lines are a model rather than physical threads; nearby magnetic materials and fields can distort the observations. - **Evaluation task:** Link your conclusion to evidence, identify a limitation and suggest a specific improvement. Distinguish a measured result from an explanation of its cause.

Magnetic Poles and Interactions: Identify magnetic poles and predict attraction or repulsion between magnets.
Magnetic Materials and Induced Magnetism: Distinguish between magnetic and non-magnetic materials, and explain induced magnetism.
Magnetic Fields and Field Lines: Describe magnetic fields using field lines, including direction and strength.
Plotting Magnetic Fields: **Iron filings method**: Place paper over magnet, sprinkle filings, tap gently to reveal field pattern.
Uses of Magnets and Electromagnets: Give examples of uses of permanent magnets and electromagnets.
Designing scientific inquiries: Plan a fair comparison: Map the direction of a bar magnet's field using a small plotting compass at different positions.
Evaluating evidence and impacts: Magnetic materials are used in compasses, motors and electromagnets. Field lines are a model rather than physical threads; nearby magnetic materials and fields can distort the observations.
Magnetism: Magnets have two **poles**: **north** and **south**.
Magnetic Materials: Only a few metals are magnetic: **iron**, **cobalt**, **nickel**.
Permanent Magnets: Made from **hard magnetic materials** such as **steel**.
Induced (Temporary) Magnets: Made from **soft magnetic materials** such as **soft iron**.
Magnetic Fields: A **magnetic field** is a region where a magnetic pole experiences a force.
Uses of Electromagnets: **MRI scanners** in hospitals use powerful electromagnets for imaging.
poles: Magnets have two **poles**: **north** and **south**.
north: Magnets have two **poles**: **north** and **south**.
south: Magnets have two **poles**: **north** and **south**.

플래시카드

Which of the following lists of metals contains only metals that are non-ferrous?

Aluminium, brass, copper Non-ferrous metals contain no iron. Aluminium, brass, and copper are all non-ferrous. Iron, steel, cobalt, and nickel are ferrous (contain iron).

Which metal is suitable for use as a permanent magnet?

Steel Steel is a hard magnetic material that retains magnetism, making it suitable for permanent magnets. Soft iron loses magnetism quickly and is used for temporary magnets. Copper and aluminium are non-magnetic.

Which of the following lists contains only ferrous metals?

Steel and iron Ferrous metals contain iron. Steel is an alloy of iron, so both steel and iron are ferrous. Aluminium, lead, and tin are non-ferrous.

Which statement about a permanent bar magnet is incorrect?

It is made from a soft magnetic material (such as soft iron) Permanent magnets are made from hard magnetic materials like steel, not soft iron. Soft iron is used for temporary magnets because it loses magnetism quickly.

Which magnet has the strongest magnetic field?

A bar magnet with closely spaced field lines The strength of a magnetic field is indicated by the spacing of field lines: closer lines mean a stronger field. Field lines never cross.

What material can a temporary magnet be made from?

Soft iron Soft iron is easily magnetised but loses its magnetism quickly, making it ideal for temporary magnets. Steel retains magnetism (permanent). Plastic and wood are non-magnetic.

Which compass correctly shows the direction of the magnetic field due to a bar magnet?

A compass with its north pole pointing towards the magnet's south pole The north pole of a compass needle points towards the south pole of a magnet (opposite poles attract). Field lines go from north to south outside the magnet.

Which of the following statements about a permanent bar magnet is true?

The north pole of a permanent bar magnet will repel the north pole of another magnet. Like poles repel, so north-north repulsion is true. Permanent magnets are made from hard materials like steel. A magnet attracts magnetic materials; repulsion only occurs between like poles of magnets. Field lines never cross.

A student lines up some permanent magnets with soft iron nails in between. What would the magnetic poles of locations X and Y be? (Assume the north pole of a magnet is on the left and south on the right, with nails between magnets.)

X: south, Y: north Induced magnetism in soft iron creates opposite poles to the adjacent magnet pole. If the left magnet's N is near X, X becomes S. If the right magnet's S is near Y, Y becomes N.

Which of the following statements describes something a permanent magnet can do?

It will attract ferrous materials. A permanent magnet attracts ferrous (iron-containing) materials. It does not repel non-magnetic or non-ferrous materials (they are not affected). Magnets always have two poles.

Which test could be used to find which end of a magnet is the south pole?

Putting it near a compass needle and seeing whether the needle points away from the pole The north pole of a compass needle points towards the south pole of a magnet. If the needle points away, that end is the south pole (since the compass north is attracted to magnetic south).

A student has two different materials. Material 1 magnetises easily and loses its magnetism as soon as it is removed from a magnetic field. Material 2 is difficult to magnetise but retains its magnetism for a long time. Which row shows the most suitable use for these materials?

Material 1: core of an electromagnet, Material 2: bar magnet Material 1 is soft iron (temporary), ideal for electromagnet cores. Material 2 is steel (hard), ideal for permanent bar magnets.

A student sprinkles iron filings on a sheet of paper placed over a bar magnet and taps the paper gently. Which statement about the pattern formed by the iron filings is correct?

The filings cluster at the poles and form lines that curve from north to south. Iron filings align with the magnetic field lines, which are closest together at the poles (strongest field) and curve from the north pole to the south pole.

A student has a bar magnet and a metal bar. She brings the north pole of the magnet near one end of the metal bar. The metal bar is attracted to the magnet. She then brings the south pole of the magnet near the same end of the metal bar. What will happen?

The metal bar will be attracted. A magnetic material (like iron, steel, nickel, cobalt) is attracted to both poles of a magnet. Since the metal bar was attracted to the north pole, it is a magnetic material and will also be attracted to the south pole.

Two bar magnets are placed with their north poles facing each other, 5 cm apart. Which diagram best represents the magnetic field pattern between them?

Field lines spreading out from each north pole and curving away, with a neutral point in the middle. Like poles repel, so the field lines from each north pole push away from each other, creating a neutral point where the fields cancel. Field lines do not cross and always go from north to south, so they curve away from the region between the north poles.

Which of the following is a non-magnetic metal?

Copper The magnetic metals are iron, cobalt, nickel, and steel (an alloy of iron). Copper is not magnetic.

How would you design the inquiry for magnetic fields and material applications?

Map the direction of a bar magnet's field using a small plotting compass at different positions. Compare the compass position around the magnet; record the compass direction; keep the magnet position and orientation constant.

What limitation matters when applying magnetic fields and material applications?

Field lines are a model rather than physical threads; nearby magnetic materials and fields can distort the observations.

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